MIS Chapter 3
CTO
the underlying IT infrastructure and user-facing technologies
Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL)
three step process 1. Extract needed information from its source. 2. Transform the data into standardized format. 3. Load the transformed data into a data warehouse.
Query optimization
to minimize response times for large, complex queries
Concurrency control
what happens if two people attempt to make changes to the same record.
5 components of a DBMS
1. DBMS engine 2. Data definition subsystem. 3. Data manipulation subsystem. 4. Application generation subsystem. 5. Data administration subsystem.
Security management for CRUD
CRUD = create, update, and delete.
Database characteristics
Collections of information Created with logical structure. Include logical ties within the info. Include built-in integrity constraints.
Data warehouse considerations
Do you really need one Do all employees need a big data warehouse How up-to-date must the info be What data-mining tools do you need
Sharing Information
Everyone can share - while not consuming - info Someone must "own" it by accepting responsibility for its quality and accuracy
The analytics life cycle
Gather analytics needs > find the data > ETL (extract data from sources) > Mine the data. Keeps going around.
Data warehouse characteristics
Multidimensional (rows, columns, and layers) Supports decision making, not transaction processing. Contains summary of info, not every detail
Structured Query Language
Standardized fourth-generation query language found in most DBMS's.
Information ownership - things to consider
Strategic management support Sharing information with responsibility Information cleanliness
DBMS engine
accepts logical requests and converts them into the physical equivalents, and access the database and data dictionary on a storage device.
View
allows you to see the contents of a database file, make changes, and query it to find information.
Data warehouse
collection of information that supports business analysis activities and decision making
Database
collection of information that you organize and access according to the logical structure of the information.
Business Intelligence
collective information that give you the ability to make effective, important, and strategic business decision.
Application generation subsystem
contains facilities to help you develop transaction-intensive applications.
Data dictionary
contains the logical structure for the information in a database.
Digital dashboard
displays key info on a computer screen tailored to the needs and wants of an individual. Statistical tools for applying mathematical models to data warehouse info.
CIO
every aspect of an organization's information resource
Primary key
field that uniquely describes each record.
Reorganization
for physically rearranging the structure of the information according to how you most often access it.
Database administration
function responsible for the more technical and operational aspects of managing organizational information
Data administration
function that plans for, oversees the development of, and monitors the information resource
Online transaction processing
gathering and processing information and updating existing information to reflect the processed information. Supports operational processing, sales orders, accounts receivable, etc. Supported by operational databases.
Data manipulation subsystem
helps you add, change, and delete information in a database and query it to find valuable information. Most often primary interface. Includes views, report generators, query-by-example tools, and structured query language.
Data definition subsystem
helps you create and maintain the data dictionary and structure of the files in a database. Helps you define: Field names Data types Form Default value Is an entry required, etc.
Query By Example tool
helps you graphically design the answer to a question.
Data administration subsystem
helps you manage the overall database environment by providing facilities for: Backup and recovery Security management Query optimization Reorganization Concurrency control Change management
Report generator
helps you quickly define formats of reports and what information you want to see in a report.
Database management system
helps you specify the logical requirements for a database and access and use the information in a database.
Physical view
how information is physically arranged, stored, and accessed on a storage device.
Change management
how will structural changes impact the overall database
Logical view
how you need to arrange and access information to meed your needs
CPO
information is used in an ethical way
Online analytical processing
manipulation of information to support decision making. Helps build BI. Supported by data warehouses and data mining tools
Key performance indicator
most essential info used in any analytics initiative
Foreign key
primary key of one file that appears in another file.
Information cleanlines
related to ownership and responsibility for quality and accuracy No duplication information No reduncdant records with slightly different data, such as the spelling of a customer name. GIGO - if you have garbage info you get garbage info for decision making
Integrity constraints
rules that help ensure the quality of information.
Relational database
series of logically related two-dimensional tables or files for storing information. Most popular database model.
Query-and-reporting tools
similiar to QBE tools, SQL, and report generators. Artificial intelligence - tools to help you discover info and trends.
Multidimensional analysis
slice-and-dice techniques for viewing multidimensional information
Data mining tools
software tools you use in a data warehouse environment. Query and reporting tools Artificial intelligence Multidimensional analysis tools. Digital dashboards Statistical tools
Data mart
subset of a data warehouse in which only a focused portion of the data warehouse information is kept.
CSO
technical aspects for security of information
Analytics
the science of fact-based decision making