MIS Chapter 6

_____ is used to process large quantities of structured and transactional data (e.g., Facebook).

Hadoop

__________ breaks a big data problem down into sub-problems, distributes them among up to thousands of inexpensive computer processing nodes, and then combines the result into a smaller data set that is easier to analyze.

Hadoop

__________ involves the process of creating small, stable, yet flexible data structures from complex groups of data when designing a relational database.

Normalization

Normalization is best defined by which of the following?

Normalization is the process of creating small, stable, yet flexible data structures from complex groups of data when designing a relational database.

Hadoop

Open-source software framework that enables distributed parallel processing of huge amounts of data across many inexpensive computers.

attributes

Pieces of information describing a particular entity

analytic platforms

Preconfigured hardware-software system that is specifically designed high-speed analysis of large datasets.

Why is a relational DBMS so powerful?

Relational database products are available as cloud computing services.

referential integrity

Rules to ensure that relationships between coupled database tables remain consistent

Database management system (DBMS)

Special software to create and maintain a database and enable individual business applications to extract the data they need without having to create separate files or data definitions in their computer programs.

normalization

The process of creating small stable data structures from complex groups of data when designing a relational database.

Which of the following statements about the power of a relational DBMS is FALSE?

The relational database has become the primary method for organizing and maintaining data in information systems because it is so rigidly controlled.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

The standard data manipulation language for relational database management systems.

Data that are inaccurate, incomplete, or inconsistent create serious operational and financial problems for businesses because they create inaccuracies in product pricing, customer accounts, and inventory data, and lead to inaccurate decisions about the actions that should be taken by the firm. Which of the following is NOT a step a firm might take to make sure they have a high level of data quality?

Using data mining

What is a bit?

a binary digit representing the smallest unit of data in a computer system. It can only have one of two states, representing 0 or 1

file

a group of records on the same type

record

a group of related fields

The relational database is the primary method for organizing and maintaining data today in information systems. It organizes data in two-dimensional tables with rows and columns called relations. In a database, __________ is used to uniquely identify each record for retrieval or manipulation.

a key field

Entity

a person, place, thing, or event about which information must be kept

The relational database is the primary method for organizing and maintaining data today in information systems. It organizes data in two-dimensional tables with rows and columns called relations. In a database, each row represents __________.

a record

Byte

a unit of computer information or data storage capacity that consists of a group of eight bits and that is used especially to represent an alphanumeric character

The relational database is the primary method for organizing and maintaining data today in information systems. It organizes data in two-dimensional tables with rows and columns called relations. In a database, each column represents __________.

an attribute or a field

data dictionary

an automated or manual tool for storing and organizing information about the data maintained in a database

online analytical processing (OLAP)

capability for manipulating and analyzing large volumes of data from multiple perspectives

distributed database

data is distributed across different sites

David creates a central database by extracting, transforming, and loading metadata from various internal and external sources of information. He plans to use this database for executing various functions such as intelligence gathering, strategic planning, and analysis. This central repository of information is referred to as a ________

data warehouse

The __________ functions of an organization are responsible for defining and maintaining a database. These functions are performed by a database design and management group.

database administration

Organizations perform data quality audits to __________.

determine accuracy and level of completeness of data

forgien key

field in a database table that enables users to find related information in another database table

database

group of related files

The organization's rules for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardizing, classifying, and inventorying information are specified by __________.

information policies

Tuples

rows or records in a relational database

data definition

specifies the structure of the content of a database

in memory computing

technology for very rapid analysis and processing of large quantities of data by storing the data in the computer's main memory rather than in secondary storage

Online analytical processing (OLAP) is best defined as __________.

the capability for manipulating and analyzing large volumes of data from multiple perspectives

Some of the roles of an information policy are __________.

to identify which users and organizational units can share information, where information can be distributed, and who is responsible for updating and maintaining the information

Primary Key

unique identifier for all the information in any row of a database table

Which of the following best describes a data dictionary?

A data dictionary is an automated or manual tool for storing and organizing information about the data maintained in a database.

Which of the following best describes a data manipulation language?

A data manipulation language is associated with a database management system that end users and programmers use to manipulate data in the database.

Which of the following best describes a data quality audit?

A data quality audit is a structured survey of the accuracy and level of completeness of the data in an information system.

data warehouse

A database, with reporting and query tools, that stores current and historical data extracted from various operational systems and consolidated for management reporting and analysis.

Key Field

A field in a record that uniquely identifies instances of that record so that it can be retrieved, updated, or sorted

field

A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number, such as a person's name or age.

data manipulation language

A language associated with a database management system that end users and programmers use to manipulate data in the database.

entity-relationship diagram

A methodology for documenting databases illustrating the relationship between various entities in the database.

data mart

A small data warehouse containing only a portion of the organization's data for a specified function or population of users.

relational database

A type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in two-dimensional tables. It can relate data stored in one table to data in another as long as the two tables share a common data element.

__________ would specify that only selected members of the payroll and human resources department would have the right to change sensitive employee data, such as an employee's salary and social security number, and that these departments are responsible for making sure that such employee data are accurate.

An information policy

Data mining

Analysis of large pools of data to find patterns and rules that can be used to guide decision making and predict future behavior.

Data definition is __________.

DBMS capability that specifies the structure and content of the database

Which of the following functions of an organization is responsible for information policy, as well as for data planning, data dictionary development, and monitoring data usage in the firm?

Data administration

Which of the following can be used to automatically enforce consistency among different sets of data?

Data cleansing

__________ is a type of intelligence gathering that uses statistical techniques to explore records in a data warehouse, hunting for hidden patterns and relationships that are undetectable in routine reports.

Data mining

big data

Data sets with volumes so huge that they are beyond the ability of typical relational DBMS to capture, store, and analyze. The data are often unstructured or semi-structured.

Non-relational database management systems

Database management system for working with large quantities of structured and unstructured data that would be difficult to analyze with a relational model.