MISY 4350 Ch. 2, MISY 4350 Ch. 4, MISY 4350 Ch. 5, MISY 4350 Ch. 6, MISY 4350 Ch. 3
_____ involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project.
Developing the project charter
_____ involves coordinating all planning efforts to create a consistent, coherent document.
Developing the project management plan
In project time management, which of the following processes involve analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule?
Developing the schedule
_____ are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence.
Directives
_____refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other.
Unit integration
_____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them.
Use case modeling
In project time management, which of the following processes involve calculating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities?
Estimating activity durations
Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure?
In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.
Which of the following is true of the agile approach to software development?
In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.
Which of the following is true of the project life cycle?
In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.
Which of the following is true of return on investment or ROI?
It is always a percentage.
Which of the following is true of virtual teams?
It is important to select team members carefully.
_____ uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems.
JAD
Which of the following are organizational process assets?
Management systems
_____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession.
Member identity
_____ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time.
Net present value
_____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment.
Open-systems focus
_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.
Organizational culture
Which of the following is a proactive process undertaken to reduce the probability of negative consequences associated with project risks?
Preventive actions
_____ refers to the process of developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system.
Prototyping
The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation.
RAD life cycle
Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams?
Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information
_____ involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders.
Scope validation
In project time management, which of the following processes primarily involve identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities?
Sequencing activities
_____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs.
Systems analysis
Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. _____ describes this holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization.
Systems thinking
_____ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables.
Validating scope
_____ refers to the difference between planned and actual performance.
Variance
An IT company revises its process parameters in response to complaints from vendors that products were not ready on time. This would be an example of _____.
a corrective action
The project schedule information section of the project management plan includes ____.
an elaborate timetable
In the _____approach for constructing a WBS, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point.
analogy
Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization is known as _____.
benchmarking
In the _____ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS.
bottom-up
The _____ stage of information technology planning outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology.
business area analysis
The main technique used in creating a WBS is _____, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces.
decomposition
A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project.
deliverable
The first step in determining the NPV is to _____.
determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces
The majority of time on a project is usually spent on _____, as is most of the project's budget.
execution
The symbolic perspective of an organization:
focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.
In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects.
resource allocation
The _____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project.
scope statement
The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management.
structural frame
The term ______ describes a product produced as part of a project.
.deliverable
In a weighted scoring model, the sum of the weights of all the criteria must total _____ percent.
100
Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle?
A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated
Which of the following is recommended for the creation of a good WBS?
A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.
Which of the following best describes outsourcing?
An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source
_____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them.
Collecting requirements
_____ are an example of external stakeholders for an organization.
Competitors
_____ involves identifying and controlling the functional and physical design characteristics of products and their support documentation, and ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete.
Configuration management
_____ should result in improvements in project performance.
Corrective actions
In project time management, which of the following processes generate the main outputs of an activity list, activity attributes, and a milestone list?
Defining activities
Which of the following processes in project time management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables?
Defining activities
_____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved.
Defining scope
Benefits minus costs is known as the _____.
cash flow
A(n) _____ is a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be modified, the people authorized to make modifications, and the paperwork required for these changes.
change control system
A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of the work involved is created.
concept
In project time management, the process of_____ primarily involves checking and managing changes to the project schedule.
controlling the schedule
In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines.Rizatti Corp can be said to have a _____ organizational structure.
functional
Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure.
functional
The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.
human resources
In the _____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders.
implementation
The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities.
incremental build life cycle
In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.
matrix
The _____ technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks.
mind mapping
The outputs of the _____ process include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates.
monitoring and controlling
The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.
people focus
Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management.
planning
The first process involved in project time management is _____ .
planning schedule management
The _____ perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.
political frame
In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs.
project
Project managers have the most authority in a pure _____ organizational structure.
project
A _____ is a document that recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management.
project charter
The _____ section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes.
project controls
The first two traditional project phases (concept and development) focus on planning, and are often referred to as _____.
project feasibility
A _____ is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project's execution and control..
project management plan
In project time management, a(n) _____ is an output of controlling the schedule
project management plan update
In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints.
project planning
The _____ section of the project plan should describe the major project functions and activities and identify those individuals who are in charge of them.
project responsibilities
In the _____ model, developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously.
prototyping life cycle
The _____ is the minimum acceptable rate of return on an investment.
required rate of return
The ______ documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed.
requirements management plan
A(n) _____ is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed.
requirements traceability matrix
Grey's Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey's have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company's dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients' through the salespeople's clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization.
symbolic
The _____ section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information.
technical processes
In organizational culture, people focus refers to _____.
the degree to which management 's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization
In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____.
the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results
In organizational culture, control refers to _____.
the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior
Payback occurs when:
the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs.
The business case includes information on _____.
the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals
In the development phase of the project life cycle:
the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS.
Scope creep refers to:
the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.
Scope refers to:
the work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them.
The first step in the planning process is _____.
to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan
The _____ approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail.
top-down
The _____ approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items.
top-down
The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined..
waterfall life cycle
A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project.
work breakdown structure
A(n) ____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS.
work package
A project's internal rate of return can be determined by finding what discount rate results in an NPV of _____ for the project.
zero