MISY 4350

A ____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.

Control chart

In the ____, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point.

analogy approach

____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.

benchmarking

____ involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence.

risk mitigation

A(n) ____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project.

work breakdown structure

In the WBS, the name of the entire project is the top box, called Level ____.

1

In the WBS, the main groupings for the work are listed in Level ____.

2

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than ____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.

3.4

____ analysis simulates a model's outcome many times to provide a statistical distribution of the calculated results.

Monte Carlo

The ____ is that portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to be spent on an activity during a given period.

PV

____ help(s) you identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system.

Pareto charts

____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them.

collecting requirements

The project management plan, project funding requirements, work performance data, and organizational process assets are inputs for the process of ____.

controlling costs

____ involves controlling changes to project scope throughout the life of the project, which is a challenge on many information technology projects.

controlling the scope

____ is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration.

critical path analysis

In a ____ relationship, the "from" activity must finish before the "to" activity can start.

finish-to-start

____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function.

functionality

____ provide(s) a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format.

gantt charts

____ involves determining which risks are likely to affect a project and documenting the characteristics of each.

identifying risks

____ are costs that are not directly related to the products or services of the project, but are indirectly related to performing the project.

indirect costs

Since organizations depend on reliable information technology, there are also huge costs associated with ____.

downtime

Human resource management includes ____ processes.

four

____ is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data.

earned value management

____ involves developing an approximation or estimate of the costs of the resources needed to complete a project.

estimating costs

Key outputs of ____ process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates.

Acquiring the project team

____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.

CMMI

The ____ is the ratio of earned value to actual cost and can be used to estimate the projected cost of completing the project.

CPI

____ is a method for determining the estimated annual costs and benefits for a project and the resulting annual cash flow.

Cash flow analysis

____ involves controlling and managing changes to the project schedule.

Controlling the schedule

The ____ ultimately decides if quality is acceptable.

Customer

The ____ is an estimate of what it will cost to complete the project based on performance to date.

EAC

The ____ is an estimate of the value of the physical work actually completed.

EV

____ are developed for risks that have a high impact on meeting project objectives, and are put into effect if attempts to reduce the risk are not effective.

Fallback plans

"Will the project meet NPV, ROI, and payback estimates?" applies to which risk category? ____

Financial risk

Poor conflict management, poor project organization and definition of responsibilities, and absence of leadership are risk conditions associated with the ____ project management knowledge area.

Human resources

____ addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product.

Maintainability

The ____ is the ratio of actual work completed to the percentage of work planned to have been completed at any given time during the life of the project or activity.

RP

____ refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods.

Resource loading

____ involves eliminating a specific threat, usually by eliminating its causes.

Risk avoidance

The ____ states that if seven data points in a row are all below the mean, above the mean, or are all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for non-random problems.

Seven run rule

____ are/is a qualitative risk analysis tool, and in addition to identifying risks, it maintains an awareness of risks throughout the life of a project.

Top ten risk item tracking

A ____ is used to allocate money into an organization's budget.

budgetary estimate

____ are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs.

contingency Plan

A(n) ____ is a diagramming analysis technique used to help select the best course of action in situations in which future outcomes are uncertain.

decision tree

____ involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence.

performing qualitative risk analysis

____ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards.

performing quality assurance

____ involves numerically estimating the effects of risks on project objectives.

performing quantitative risks

A project manager can chart the probability and impact of risks on a ____.

probability/impact matrix

____ includes the processes required to ensure that a project team completes a project within an approved budget.

project cost management

Project managers must use discipline to control ____.

project schedules

An up-to-date ____ is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope.

project scope statement

The ____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling.

quality control

A(n) ____ is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time.

resource histogram

____ is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks.

resource leveling

On a network diagram, all arrowheads should face toward the ____.

right

Utility rises at a decreasing rate for a ____ person.

risk averse

A ____ person achieves a balance between risk and payoff.

risk neutral

Of the following constraints, it is most difficult to describe, agree upon, and meet the ____ goal of many projects.

scope

Good ____ is very important to project success because it helps improve the accuracy of time, cost, and resource estimates, it defines a baseline for performance measurement and project control, and it aids in communicating clear work responsibilities.

scope definition

The ____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project.

scope statment

There are ____ major processes involved in risk management.

six

____ is a comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining and maximizing business success.

six sigma

In a ____ relationship, the "from" activity cannot start until the "to" activity is started.

start-to-start

____ should be forgotten.

sunk costs

____ are those costs that an organization can easily measure in dollars.

tangible costs

Project quality management involves ____ main processes.

three

The ____ approach involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail.

top-down

Project managers often illustrate progress with a ____ showing key deliverables and activities.

tracking gantt chart

A(n) ____ is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.

unit test

____ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables during this process.

verifying scope

____ involves monitoring identified and residual risks, identifying new risks, carrying out risk response plans, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk strategies throughout the life of the project.

Monitoring and controlling risks

____ involves identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships.

developing the human resource plan

The main outputs of ____ process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors updates.

developing the project team

____ involves analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule.

developing the schedule

Project managers should focus on ____, since they can control them.

direct costs

In a ____ relationship, one task cannot finish before another finishes.

finish-to-finish

____ is a fact-finding technique for collecting information in face-to-face, phone, e-mail, or instant-messaging discussions.

interviewing

The critical path is the ____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the ____ time it takes to complete a project.

longest; shortest

The main outputs of ____ are a quality management plan, quality metrics, quality checklists, a process improvement plan, and project document updates.

quality planning

Project management software highlights the critical path in ____ on a network diagram.

red