MISY 5350 - Exam 1

IPv6 Internet address

Internet address expressed as a 128-bit number

IPv4 Internet address

Internet address expressed as a 32-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers marked off by periods, such as 64.49.254.91

Major B2B business models

(1) Net Marketplace 1. E-Distributor 2. E-Procurement 3. Exchange 4. Industry Consortium (2) Private Industrial Network

Management challenges to build e-commerce presence

(1) developing a clear understanding of your business objectives (2) knowing how to choose the right technology to achieve those objectives. The first challenge requires you to build a plan for developing your firm's presence. The second challenge requires you to understand some of the basic elements of e-commerce infrastructure. Let the business drive the technology.

E-procurement

- e-procurement firm (creates and sells access to digital markets) - B2B service provider (sells business services to other firms) - scale economies (efficiencies that arise from increasing the size of a business)

Internet protocols and utility programs

-HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) (the Internet protocol used for transferring web pages) -Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) (the Internet protocol used to send mail to a server) -Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3) (a protocol used by the client to retrieve mail from an Internet server) -Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) (a more current e-mail protocol that allows users to search, organize, and filter their mail prior to downloading it from the server) -File Transfer Protocol (FTP) (one of the original Internet services. Part of the TCP/IP protocol that permits users to transfer files from the server to their client computer, and vice versa) -Telnet (a terminal emulation program that runs in TCP/IP) -Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) /Transport Layer Security (TLS) (protocols that secure communications between the client and the server ) -Ping (a program that allows you to check the connection between your client and the server) -Tracert (one of several route-tracing utilities that allow you to follow the path of a message you send from your client to a remote computer on the Internet)

Global Reach

-The total number of users or customers an e-commerce business can obtain -The technology reaches across national boundaries, around the earth

Testing the System

-Unit testing (involves testing the site's program modules one at a time) -System testing (involves testing the site as a whole, in a way the typical user will use the site) -Acceptance testing (verifies that the business objectives of the system as originally conceived are in fact working) -A/B testing (split testing) (involves showing two versions of a web page or website to different users to see which one performs better) -Multivariate testing (involves identifying specific elements, creating versions for each element, and then creating a unique combination of each element and version to test)

first mover

-a firm that is first to market in a particular area and that moves quickly to gather market share -examples

Ubiquity

-available just about everywhere, at all times -reduces transactions costs (the costs of participating in a market) -lowers the cognitive energy (the mental effort required to complete a task), to transact in a marketspace (a marketplace (physical place you visit in order to transact) extended beyond traditional boundaries and removed from a temporal and geographic location) -E-commerce technology is available everywhere, anytime

Internet backbone

-backbone (high-bandwidth fiber-optic cable networks that transport data around the world) - fiber-optic cable (consists of up to hundreds of strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit data -Tier 1 Internet Service Providers (Tier 1 ISPs) own and control the major long-haul fiber-optic cable networks comprising the Internet's backbone) -bandwidth (measures how much data can be transferred over a communications medium within a fixed period of time; is usually expressed in bits per second (bps), kilobits per second (Kbps), megabits per second (Mbps), or gigabits per second (Gbps)) -redundancy (multiple duplicate devices and paths in a network)

Client/Server Computing

-client/server (computing a model of computing in which client computers are connected in a network together with one or more servers) -client (a powerful desktop computer that is part of a network) -server (networked computer dedicated to common functions that the client computers on the network need)

Domain Names, DNS, and URLs

-domain name (IP address expressed in natural language) -Domain Name System (DNS) (system for expressing numeric IP addresses in natural language Uniform Resource) -Locator (URL) (the address used by a web browser to identify the location of content on the Web)

Social e-commerce

-e-commerce enabled by social networks and online social relationships -often intertwined with m-commerce as social networks are being accessed via mobile devices

Social Technology

-e-commerce technologies have evolved to be more social by allowing users to crat a share content with worldwide community, by being able to create new social networks and strengthen existing ones. -User-generated content and social networks

Dimensions of E-Commerce Security

-integrity (the ability to ensure that information being displayed on a website or transmitted or received over the Internet has not been altered in any way by an unauthorized party) -nonrepudiation (the ability to ensure that e-commerce participants do not deny (i.e., repudiate) their online actions) -authenticity (the ability to identify the identity of a person or entity with whom you are dealing on the Internet) -confidentiality (the ability to ensure that messages and data are available only to those who are authorized to view them) -privacy (the ability to control the use of information about oneself) -availability (the ability to ensure that an e-commerce site continues to function as intended)

Security threats

-malicious code (malware) (includes a variety of threats such as viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and bots) -exploit kit (collection of exploits bundled together and rented or sold as a commercial product) -malvertising (online advertising that contains malicious code) -drive-by download malware (that comes with a downloaded file that a user requests) -virus (a computer program that has the ability to replicate or make copies of itself, and spread to other files) -worm (malware that is designed to spread from computer to computer) -ransomware (malware that prevents you from accessing your computer or files and demands that you pay a fine) -Trojan horse (appears to be benign, but then does something other than expected. Often a way for viruses or other malicious code to be introduced into a computer system) -backdoor (feature of viruses, worms, and Trojans that allows an attacker to remotely access a compromised computer) -bot (type of malicious code that can be covertly installed on a computer when connected to the Internet. Once installed, the bot responds to external commands sent by the attacker) -botnet (collection of captured bot computers)

Personalization/Customization

-personalization (the targeting of marketing messages to specific individuals by adjusting the message to a person's name, interests, and past purchases -customization (changing the delivered product or service based on a user's preferences or prior behavior -allow firms to precisely identify market segments and adjust their messages accordingly -The technology allows personalized messages to be delivered to individuals as well as groups

Universal Standards

-standards that are shared by all nations around the world - the unit technical standards of e-commerce greatly lower market entry costs (cost merchants pay just to bring their goods to market) -for consumers, reduced search costs ( the error required to find suitable products) -business and individual users experience network externalities (benefits that arise because everyone uses the same technology) -There is one set of technology standards

System Design

-system design specification (description of the main components in a system and their relationship to one another) -logical design (describes the flow of information at your e-commerce site, the processing functions that must be performed, the databases that will be used, the security and emergency backup procedures that will be instituted, and the controls that will be used in the system) -physical design (translates the logical design into physical components)

Interactivity

-technology that allows for two-way communication between merchant and consumer -the technology works through interaction with the user

Richness

-the complexity and content of a message -Video, audio and text messages are possible

Information Density

-the total amount and quality of information available to all market participants -price transparency (ease with which consumers can find out the variety of prices in a market) -cost transparency (ability of consumers to discover the actual costs merchants pay for products) -price discrimination (selling the same goods, or nearly the same goods, to different targeted groups at different prices -The technology reduces information costs and raises quality

Mobile e-commerce (m-commerce)

-use of mobile devices to enable online transactions -conversational commerce (variation of m-commerce, use of chatbots on mobile messaging apps as a vehicle for companies to engage with consumers)

Major B2C Business Models

1. E-tailer 2. Community Provider (Social Network) 3. Content Provider 4. Portal 5. Transaction Broker 6. Market Creator 7. Service Provider

Three basic types of cloud computing services

1. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS):Customers use processing, storage, networking, and other computing resources from third-party providers called cloud service providers (CSPs) to run their information systems. 2. Software as a service (SaaS): Customers use software hosted by the vendor on the vendor's cloud infrastructure and delivered as a service over a network. 3. Platform as a service (PaaS): Customers use infrastructure and programming tools supported by the CSP to develop their own applications.

Customer/Merchant Perspective on Different Dimensions of E-commerce security

1. Integrity Customer: Has information 1 transmitted or received been altered? Merchant: Has data on the site been altered without authorization? Is data being received from customers valid? 2. Nonrepudiation Customer: Can a party to an action with me later deny taking the action? Merchant: Can a customer deny ordering products? 3. Authenticity Customer: Who am 1 dealing with? How can 1 be assured that the person or entity is who they claim to be? Merchant: What is the real identity of the customer? 4. Confidentiality Customer: Can someone other than the intended recipient read my messages? Merchant: Are messages or confidential data accessible to anyone other than those authorized to view them? 5. Privacy Customer: Can 1 control the use of information about myself transmitted to an e-commerce merchant? Merchant: What use, if any, can be made of personal data collected as part of an e-commerce transaction? Is the personal information of customers being used in an unauthorized manner? 6. Availability Customer: Can 1 get access to the site? Merchant: Is the site operational?

Name three of the business consequences that can result from growth in information density.

1. Price transparency refers to the ease with which consumers can find out the variety of prices in a market. 2. Cost transparency refers to the ability of consumers to discover the actual costs merchants pay for products. 3. Price discrimination refers to selling the same goods, or nearly the same goods, to different targeted groups at different prices.

Key elements of a business model

1. Revenue Model 2. Market Opportunity 3.Competitive Environment 4.Competitive Advantage 5.Market Strategy 6.Organizational Development 7.Management Team 8. Value Proposition

What are some of the unique features of e-commerce technology?

1. Ubiquity 2. Global Reach 3. Universal Standards 4. Richness 5. Interactivity 6. Information Density 7 Personalization/Customization

Unique features of e-commerce technology

1. Ubiquity 2. Global reach 3. Universal standards 4. Information richness 5. Interactivity 6. Information density 7. Personalization/customization 8. Social technology

Key elements of a business model questions 1. Value proposition 2. Revenue model 3. Market Opportunity 4. Competitive environment 5. Competitive advantage 6. Market strategy 7. Organizational development 8. Management team

1. Why should the customer buy from you? 2. How will you earn money? 3. What marketspace do you intend to serve, and what is its size? 4. Who else occupies your intended marketspace? 5. What special advantages does your firm bring to the marketspace? 6. How do you plan to promote your products or services to attract your target audience? 7. What types of organizational structures within the firm are necessary to carry out the business plan? 8. What kinds of experiences and background are important for the company's leaders to have?

What are three benefits of universal standards?

1. lower market entry costs 2. reduced search costs 3. experience network externalities

What is Web 2.0? Give examples and why they are included on the list.

A set of applications and technologies that enable user-generated content. Examples - Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Instagram - These social networks that share many common characteristics. First, they rely on user-generated content. "Regular" people (not just experts or professionals) are creating, sharing, and broadcasting content to huge audiences. They are inherently highly interactive, creating new opportunities for people to socially connect to others.

Types of e-commerce

B2C - Amazon B2B - Go2Paper C2C - eBay, Etsy and Craiglist M-commerce - Mobile devices Social e-commerce - Facebook Local e-commerce - Groupon

Webrooming

Consumers use the Web as a powerful source of information about products they often actually purchase through other channels, such as at a traditional bricks-and-mortar store; "ROBO" (research online, buy offline), or O2O (online-to-offline)

Basic Functionality Provided by Web Server 1. Processing of HTTP requests 2. Security services (Secure Sockets Layer)/ Transport Layer Security 3. File Transfer Protocol 4. Search engine 5. Data capture 6. E-mail 7. Site management tools

Description: 1. Receive and respond to client requests for HTML pages 2. Verify username and password; process certificates and private/public key information required for credit card processing and other secure information 3. Permits transfer of very large files from server to server 4. Indexing of site content; keyword search capability 5. Log file of all visits, time, duration, and referral source 6. Ability to send, receive, and store e-mail messages 7. Calculate and display key site statistics, such as unique visitors, page requests, and origin of requests; check links on pages

Define disintermediation and explain the benefits to Internet users of such a phenomenon

Displacement of market middlemen who traditionally are intermediaries between producers and consumers by a new direct relationship between producers and consumers

Where does it intersect with e-business?

E-business applications turn into e-commerce precisely when an exchange of value occurs.

How does it differ from e-business?

E-business refers primarily to the digital enabling of transactions and processes within a firm, involving information systems under the control of the firm. For the most part, unlike e-commerce, e-business does not involve commercial transactions across organizational boundaries where value is exchanged.

What is e-commerce?

E-commerce involves digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organizations and individuals

Web Server Software

Examples - Apache, Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS),

Describe the three different stages in the evolution of e-commerce.

Invention - Technology driven, Revenue growth emphasis, venture capital financing, ungoverned, entrepreneurial, disintermediation, perfect markets, pure online strategies, first-mover advantages, and low-complexity retail products Consolidation - Business driven, earnings and profits emphasis, traditional financing, stronger regulation and governance, large traditional firms, strengthening intermediaries, imperfect markets, brands, and network effects, mixed "bricks-and-dicks" strategies, strategic-follower strength; complementary assets, and high-complexity retail products and services Reinvention - Mobile technology enables social, local, and mobile e-commerce, audience and social network connections emphasis, return of venture capital financing; buy-outs of startups by large firms, extensive government surveillance, entrepreneurial social, mobile, and local firms, proliferation of small online intermediaries renting business processes of larger firms, continuation of online market imperfections; commodity competition in select markets, return of pure online strategies in new markets; extension of bricks-and-dicks in traditional retail markets, first-mover advantages return in new markets as traditional web players catch up, and retail, services, and content

What is information asymmetry?

Refers to any disparity in relevant market information among parties in a transaction

SWOT analysis

Strengths - (Current sites do not address market needs • Unique approach • Easy navigation • Better personalization • Customer base growing • High-value market segment • Superior social strategy) Weaknesses - (Limited financial resources • No prior online experience • No existing user base • No media attention • No Web design expertise • No computer background) Opportunities - (Ability to address large market with unmet needs • Potential to capture significant share of this market • Potential to develop related sites) Threats - (Approach could be copied by competitors • Advertisers may not want to try a new site • Rapid pace of technological development • Low market entry costs)

Compare online and traditional transactions in terms of richness

Traditional: 1. Traditional markets, national sales forces, and retail stores have great richness: they are able to provide personal, face-to-face service using aural and visual cues when making a sale 2. The richness of traditional markets makes them a powerful selling or commercial environment. Prior to the development of the Web, there was a trade-off between richness and reach: the larger the audience reached, the less rich the message Online: 1. E-commerce technologies have the potential for offering considerably more information richness than traditional media such as printing presses, radio, and television because they are interactive and can adjust the message to individual users. Chatting with an online sales person, for instance, comes very close to the customer experience in a small retail shop. 2. The richness enabled by e-commerce technologies allows retail and service merchants to market and sell "complex" goods and services that heretofore required a face-to-face presentation by a sales force to a much larger audience

Internet of Things (IoT)

Use of the Internet to connect a wide variety of devices, machines, and sensors -Examples - Nest Labs, Google Assistant, Charter Spectrum, Comcast, and AT&T, Apple Watch

Mosaic

Web browser with a graphical user interface (GUI) that made it possible to view documents on the Web graphically -universal computing (the sharing of files, information, graphics, sound, video, and other objects across all computer platforms in the world, regardless of operating system) -Netscape Navigator (the first commercial web browser) -Internet Explorer (Microsoft's web browser)

E-commerce presence map

Website/App Platform: (Traditional, Mobile, Tablet) Activity: (Search, Display, Affiliates, Sponsorships) Social Media Platform: (Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram, Blogs) Activity: (Conversation, Engagement. Sharing, Advice) Email Platform: (Internal Lists, Purchased lists) Activity: (Newsletters, Updates, Sales) Offline Platform (Print, Tv, Radio) Activity: (Education, Exposure, Branding)

E-distributor

a company that supplies products and services directly to individual businesses

Example of e-business

a company's online inventory control mechanism

What is marketspace?

a marketplace extended beyond traditional boundaries and removed from a temporal and geographic location

packet switching

a method of slicing digital messages into packets (the discrete units into which digital messages are sliced for transmission over the Internet), sending the packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destination

systems development life cycle (SDLC)

a methodology for understanding the business objectives of any system and designing an appropriate solution Steps: 1. Systems analysis/planning 2. Systems design 3. Building the system 4. Testing 5. Implementation and maintenance Best Practices: Continuous availability 99V • Design for scalability • Build in management for end-to-end delivery • Plan tor growth • Design system for high-speed performance • Understand and optimize workload on system

Benchmarking

a process in which the site is compared with those of competitors in terms of response speed, quality of layout, and design

Web 2.0

a set of applications and technologies that enable user-generated content

Business model

a set of planned activities designed to result in a profit in a marketplace

Friction free commerce

a vision of commerce in which information is equally distributed, transaction costs are low, prices can be dynamically adjusted to reflect actual demand, intermediaries decline, and unfair competitive advantages are eliminated

Hypertext

a way of formatting pages with embedded links that connect documents to one another, and that also link pages to other objects such as sound, video, or animation files

Competitive Advantage

achieved by a firm when it can produce a superior product and/or bring the product to market at a lower price than most, or all, of its competitors (Amazon) -asymmetry (exists whenever one participant in a market has more resources than other participants) -first-mover advantage (a competitive market advantage for a firm that results from being the first into a marketplace with a serviceable product or service) -complementary resources (resources and assets not directly involved in the production of the product but required for success, such as marketing, management, financial assets, and reputation) -unfair competitive advantage (occurs when one firm develops an advantage based on a factor that other firms cannot purchase) -perfect market (a market in which there are no competitive advantages or asymmetries because all firms have equal access to all the factors of production) -leverage (when a company uses its competitive advantages to achieve more advantage in surrounding markets)

exchange

an independent digital marketplace where suppliers and commercial purchasers can conduct transactions

Information asymmetry

any disparity in relevant market information among parties in a transaction

Market Creater

builds a digital environment where buyers and sellers can meet, display products, search for products, and establish a price for products (eBay, Etsy, Uber)

Business objectives

capabilities you want your site to have

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) e-commerce

consumers selling to other consumers, with the help of an online market maker (also called a platform provider)

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

core communications protocol for the Internet -TCP (establishes connections among sending and receiving computers and handles assembly and reassembly of packets) -IP (provides the Internet's addressing scheme and is responsible for delivery of packets) -Network Interface Layer (responsible for placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium) -Internet Layer (responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing messages on the Internet) -Transport Layer (responsible for providing communication with other protocols within TCP/IP suite) -Application Layer (includes protocols used to provide user services or exchange data) -Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) (enables exchange of routing information among systems on the Internet)

Community Provider (Social Network)

creates an online environment where people with similar interests can transact (buy and sell goods); share interests, photos, and videos; communicate with likeminded people; and receive interest-related information -Examples - Facebook, Linkedln, Twitter, and Pinterest, and hundreds of other smaller, niche social networks all offer users community-building tools and services. Some of the oldest online communities are The Well, which provides a forum for technology and Internet-related discussions, and The Motley Fool, which provides financial advice, news, and opinions.

Revenue Model (Financial Model)

describes how the firm will earn revenue, produce profits, and produce a superior return on invested capital. Although there are many different e-commerce revenue models that have been developed, most companies rely on one, or some combination, of the following major revenue models: -advertising revenue model (a company provides a forum for advertisements and receives fees from advertisers)(Yahoo, Facebook) -subscription revenue model (a company offers its users content or services and charges a subscription fee for access to some or all of its offerings)(eHarmony, Ancestry, Pandora, Spotify, Netflix) -combined with subscription revenue model - freemium strategy (companies give away a certain level of product or services for free, but then charge a subscription fee for premium levels of the product or service)(eBay, E*Trade) -transaction fee revenue model (a company receives a fee for enabling or executing a transaction) -sales revenue model (a company derives revenue by selling goods, information, or services)(Amazon, L.L.Bean, Gap) -affiliate revenue model (a company steers business to an affiliate and receives a referral fee or percentage of the revenue from any resulting sales)(MyPoints)

Private industrial network

digital network designed to coordinate the flow of communications among firms engaged in business together

Disintermediation

displacement of market middlemen who traditionally are intermediaries between producers and consumers by a new direct relationship between producers and consumers

Content providers

distributes information content, such as digital news, music, photos, video, and artwork (Apple Music, Wall Street Journal online newspaper, Harvard Business Review, ESPN, CIO, CNN)

two-tier architecture

e-commerce system architecture in which a web server responds to requests for web pages and a database server provides backend data storage

multi-tier architecture

e-commerce system architecture in which the web server is linked to a middle-tier layer that typically includes a series of application servers that perform specific tasks as well as a backend layer of existing corporate systems

Management Team

employees of the company responsible for making the business model work

Intelligent Digital Assistants

idea of having a conversation with a computer, having it understand you and be able to carry out tasks according to your direction -Examples - Apple's Siri, Google Now, Google Assistant, Samsung's S Voice, LG's Voice Mate, and Microsoft's Cortana

Industry consortia

industry-owned vertical marketplaces that serve specific industries

virtual reality (VR)

involves fully immersing users within a virtual world, typically through the use of a head-mounted display (HMD) connected to headphones and other devices -Examples - High-end VR devices designed to be used with PCs or gaming systems include Facebook's Oculus Rift, HTC's Vive, and Sony's PlayStation VR. Samsung's Gear VR, Google Cardboard, and Google DayDream View are examples of lower-cost, mobile, entry-level devices

Cloud computing

model of computing in which computer processing, storage, software, and other services are provided as a shared pool of virtualized resources over the Internet. - Essential characteristics: -On-demand self-service: Consumers can obtain computing capabilities such as server time or network storage as needed automatically on their own. -Ubiquitous network access: Cloud resources can be accessed using standard network and Internet devices, including mobile platforms. -Location-independent resource pooling: Computing resources are pooled to serve multiple users, with different virtual resources dynamically assigned according to user demand. The user generally does not know where the computing resources are located. -Rapid elasticity: Computing resources can be rapidly provisioned, increased, or decreased to meet changing user demand. -Measured service: Charges for cloud resources are based on the amount of resources actually used. Types of Clouds: -public cloud (third-party service providers that own and manage large, scalable data centers that offer computing, data storage, and high-speed Internet to multiple customers who pay for only the resources they use) -private cloud (provides similar options as a public cloud but only to a single tenant) -hybrid cloud (offers customers both a public cloud and a private cloud)

Service Provider

offers services online (Google Maps, Google Docs, and Gmail, RocketLawyer)

Portal

offers users powerful search tools as well as an integrated package of content and services all in one place (Google, Microsoft's Bing, Yahoo (Oath), Ask, and AOL)

Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce

online businesses selling to individual consumers, includes purchases of retail goods, travel, financial, real estate, and other types of services and online content.

E-tailer

online retail stores from the giant Amazon to tiny local stores that have websites where retail goods are sold (REI, JCPenney, Barnes & Noble, Walmart, and Staples) - barriers to entry (the total cost of entering a new marketplace)

Content Management System (CMS)

organizes, stores, and processes website content - Examples: -Use prebuilt templates (Yahoo Small Business, Shopity, WordPress, Google Sites -Build from scratch (HTMUHTMl 5/CSS, CGI scripts, SQL databases, Dreamweaver CC, Visual Studio) -Use packaged site-building tools (Sitecore Commerce, IBM WebSphere)

Organizational Development

plan that describes how the company will organize the work that needs to be accomplished management (eBay)

Transaction Broker

processes transactions for consumers that are normally handled in person, by phone, or by mail (Monster, Travelocity)

potentially unwanted program (PUP)

program that installs itself on a computer, typically without the user's informed consent -adware (a PUP that serves pop-up ads to your computer) -browser parasite (a program that can monitor and change the settings of a user's browser) -coin/cryptocurrency miners (used to facilitate cryptojacking) -spyware (a program used to obtain information such as a user's keystrokes, e-mail, instant messages, and so on)

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

protocol that allows for transmission of voice and other forms of audio communication over the Internet

Market Opportunity

refers to the company's intended marketspace (the area of actual or potential commercial value in which a company intends to operate) and the overall potential financial opportunities available to the firm in that marketspace

Competitive Environment

refers to the other companies operating in the same marketspace selling similar products -Direct competitors - Priceline of Travelocity - because both companies sell identical products—cheap tickets. -Indirect competitors - CNN of ESPN - not because they sell identical products, but because they both compete for consumers' time online.

Digital commerce

same as e-commerce

protocol

set of rules and standards for data transfer

Web Browser

software program whose primary purpose is to display web pages

router

special-purpose computer that interconnects the computer networks that make up the Internet and routes packets to their ultimate destination as they travel the Internet -routing algorithm (computer program that ensures that packets take the best available path toward their destination)

Definition of e-business

the digital enabling of transactions and processes within a firm, involving information systems under the control of the firm

Market Strategy

the plan you put together that details exactly how you intend to enter a new market and attract new customers (Twitter, YouTube, Pinterest)

Formal definition of e-commerce

the use of the internet, the web and mobile apps and browsers running on mobile devices to transact business. More formally, digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organizations and individuals

System functionalities

types of information systems capabilities you will need to achieve your business objectives

Incubators

typically provide a small amount of funding and also an array of services to start-up companies (TechStars, DreamIt, Capital Factory)

Angel investors

typically wealthy individuals or a group of individuals who invest their own money in exchange for an equity share in the stock of a business; often are the first outside investors in a start-up

Site management tools

verify that links on pages are still valid and also identify orphan files