MMG Quiz 3

True or False: Transformation is a mode of genetic recombination in which a plasmid is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell via a direct connection.

False

true or false: Codons are found on tRNA, and anticodons are found on mRNA.

false

True or False: A mutation that changes a single nucleotide can result in a different amino acid being added into a protein.

true

Please identify the four most significant interactions between humans and the microbes that live in and on our bodies. a. Microbes can protect and stabilize body surfaces on which they establish themselves as normal residents. b. Microbes living in and on the body provide significant nutrition to their human hosts who are able to metabolize their products for energy. c. Microbes promote the development and maturation of host immune defenses. d. Microbes may invade and grow in normally sterile body sites. e. Microbes cause disease by damaging tissues and organs.

a. Microbes can protect and stabilize body surfaces on which they establish themselves as normal residents. c. Microbes promote the development and maturation of host immune defenses. d. Microbes may invade and grow in normally sterile body sites. e. Microbes cause disease by damaging tissues and organs.

Please choose all of the statements that are true regarding transcription and translation in prokaryotes. a. Prokaryotic mRNAs often contain information from several genes in series. b. Prokaryotic mRNA must be processed by excising introns before translation takes place. c. Transcription and translation can occur at the same time in prokaryotes. d. Transcription occurs in the nucleus of prokaryotes. e. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.

a. Prokaryotic mRNAs often contain information from several genes in series. c. Transcription and translation can occur at the same time in prokaryotes. e. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogen base found in DNA? a. thymine b. uracil c. guanine d. cytosine e. adenine

b. uracil

A mutation that causes a change in a single nucleotide in DNA

changes the corresponding nucleotide in mRNA, resulting in a different codon.

Please match the term to the statement that most accurately describes it to test your understanding of colonization, infection, and disease.

colonization - Presence of organisms living in or on the body, but not causing any pathology. infection - Pathogenic microorganisms penetrate the host defenses, enter the tissues, and multiply. infectious disease - Disruption of a tissue or organ caused by microbes or their products.

Please place the steps in the correct order to assess your knowledge of entry, establishment, and exit of infectious agents.

portal of entry --> adhesion --> surviving host of defenses --> disease--> portal of exit

Please match the clinical stage of infection with its description.

1. appearance of first early, nonspecific symptoms --prodromal stage 2. Microorganism is multiplying rapidly and causing fever and specific disease symptoms -- period of invasion 3. decline of symptoms and return to a state of health -- convalescent period 4. period of time from initial contact with pathogen to appearance of very first symptoms -- incubation period

Please place the steps in the correct order to assess your knowledge of the steps of translation. The steps may be used more than once.

1. entrance of tRNAs 1 & 2 2. formation of peptide bond 3. discharge of tRNA 1 at the E side 4. first transaction; tRNA 2 shifts into P site; entrance of tRNA 3 5. formation of peptide bond 6. discharge of tRNA 2; second translocation; enter tRNA 4 7. formation of peptide bond 8. process repeated until stop codon is reached