Mod 4 Review
The initial blood pressure on a patient with chest trauma reads 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following repeat blood pressures demonstrates a narrowing pulse pressure?
106/70 mm Hg
What is the pulse pressure of a patient with a blood pressure of 104/58 mm Hg
46 mm Hg
The normal range for blood glucose levels in nonfasting adults and children ranges from
80 to 120 mg/dL
In most people, a systolic BP of _______ is sufficient to adequately perfuse the brain and other vital organs.
80-90 mm Hg
Assuming that previous exposure and sensitization has occurred, which of the following patients will likely experience the MOST severe allergic reaction?
A 40-year-old female who was stung by a yellow jacket
What is the pathophysiology of distributive shock
A disproportionate volume of blood due to an enlarged vascular space.
Which of the following pain patterns is MOST consistent with kidney stones?
Flank pain that radiates to the groin
Which of the following statesment regarding hyperosmoler hyperglycemix nonketotic coma (HHNC) is correct
HHNC is not associated with a fruity odor on the patient's breath
In which of the following situations would a diabetic patient MOST likely develeop hypoglycemic crisis (insulin shock)
Heavy exertion following a small meal
Whihc of the following is a LATE sign of preeclampsia
Hyperactive reflexes
A 29-year-old pregnancy woman complains of severe vomiting, which has persisted for 2 days. During your assessment, she vomits a large amount of blood and begins to develop signs of shock. You should suspect
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
A 50-year-old female with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea complains of intense thirst and generalized weakness. Her blood pressure is 86/50 mm Hg and her pulse rate is 130 beats. min and thready. Which of the following interventions would NOT be appropriate for her
Salt-containing solutions by mouth
Which of the following organs is the MOST tolerant of low blood flow?
Skin
What is the pathophysiology of psychogenic shock
Temporary, generalized vascular dilation
Which of the following occurs during shock (hypoperfusion)?
The removal of metabolic waste products is decreased
Which of the following statements regarding diabetes is correct?
Type 1 diabetes occurs most commonly in children
As perfusion decreases, they sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, resulting in
a release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
A 19-year-old female presents with severe pain to the left lower quadrant of her abdomen. She is restless, tachypneic, and tachycardic. When you inquire about her last menstrual period, she tells you that it was approximately 2 months ago. You should suspect:
a ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Hypovolemic shock caused by an atraumatic acute abdomen is usually the result of:
abnormal fluid shifts from the bloodstream into the body tissues
Peritonitis typically causes ileus, which is the result of:
absent peristalisis in the instestine.
Insulin is produced when
absorbed carbohydrates stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas
A 77-year old man presents with hypertension, anuria, generalized edema, and tachypnea. This clinical presentation is MOST consistent with
acute renal failure
which of the following is NOT an element of the Fick principle
adequate platelets to promote blood-clotting
A 72-year-old mail with type 2 diabetes complain of "of not feeling well" He is daiphorestic and his blood sugar reading is 110 mg/dL. You should be MOST suspicious for
an acute myocardial infarction
A common clinical finding in patients with hyp- or hyperglycemic crisis is
an altered mental status
Fifty percent dextrose (d50) is indicated in all of the following situations EXCEPT
an asymptomatic patient with a blood glucose of 60 mg/dL
A 20-year-old female presents with lower abdominal pain and scant vaginal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 124/64 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 120 beats/min and strong. When asked, she states that her last menstrual period was approximately 2 months ago. you should suspect
an ectopic pregnancy
A 29-year-old male experienced multiple fire-ant bites to his lower extremities. He is conscious and alert, and denies respiratory distress. His skin is warm, dry, and without urticaria and his breath sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. Appropriate management for this patient includes
appluinc ice to the bites and observing for signs of an allergic reaction
You respond to a movie theater for a 70-year-old male who is confused. His wife tells you he has type 2 diabetes but refuses to take his pills. Your assessment reveals that the patient is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. Initial management for this patient should include:
applying a nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min
You arrive at the scene of a 29-year-old woman in active labor. She tells you that her amniotic sac broke about 2 hours ago. you should:
ask her if the fluid was clear or if it was dark and odorous
A 29-year-old confused female has a blood glucose reading of 50 ml/DL. After adminstering one tube of oral glucose, you note marked inmprovement in her mental status. As you are taking her vital signs, her level of consciousness suddenly decreases. You should
assess her airway and treat accordingly
A young female with severe lower abdominal pain presents with a decreased level of consciousness, tachypnea, and shallow, breathing. Her blood pressue is 88/48 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beaths.min and weak. You should:
assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device
A 46-year-old female presents with respiratory difficulty, facial, swelling, and widespread hives after she was stung by an unknown type of insect. Her blood pressure is 88/58 mm Hg; auscultation of her lungs reveals diffuse expiratory wheezing. The patient has a prescribed EpiPen, but has not used it. After administering 100% oxygen, you should
assist the patient with her EpiPen in accordance with your protocols
The liver secretes __________, which is an enzyme that the body uses to:
bile, dissolve fats into solution
which of the following physiologic responses occurs during irreversible shock
blood is shunted from the liver and kidneys to the brain and heart
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is
blood pressure required to sustain organ perfusion
In addition to widespread urticaria, _____________ is a common response in patients experiencing a severe allergic reaction.
bronchospasm
Unlike the honeybee, wasps and horney
can sting multiple times, because their stinger is not let imbedded in the skin
a patient who presents with hypotension, jugular venous distention, and a rapid irregular pulse, should be suspected of experienceing
cardiogenic shock
The primary rold of the large intestine is to
complete the reabsorption of water
In which of the following patients would it be MOST appropriate to administer oral glucose
confused diabetic patient who is breathing adequately
When assessing the heart rate of a pregnant patient in her second trimester, you should expect her systolic blood pressure to:
decrease by 10 to 15 mm Hg
Patients with hypothyroidism often gain weight because of
decreased metabolism
The functional layer of the uterus that is shed from the vagina if fertilization of an egg does not occur is called the
endometrium
Kussmaul respirations indicate tha tthe respiratory system is
excreting ketones from the blood
Insulin maintains homeostasis by:
facilitating cellular glucose uptake.
the uppermost portion of the uterus is called the
fundus
Glycogenolysys is metabolic process in which
glucagon converts stored glycogen into glucose
When a healthy person's blood glucose level drops, such as what occurs in between meals:
glucagon is secreted into the bloodstream.
The primary fuels for cellular metabolism are:
glucose and oxygen
Excess glucose is stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of:
glycogen
The metabolic conversion of glucose into energy is called
glycolysis
Obstructive shock occurs when the
heart is physically restricted from pumping adequately
The "perfusion triangle" consists of The
heart, blood vessels, blood
All of the following are common signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure EXCEPT
hematuria
When assessing a 30-year-old female in her second trimester of pregnancy, the MOST important clinical sign of preeclampsia for the AEMT to recognize is
hypertension
Medically, the term "diabetes" refers to:
impairment of the body to metabolize carbohydrates.
stimulation of beta1 receptors causes a positive inotropic effect resulting in
increased cardiac contractility
The aplha1 effects of norephinephrine result in
increased peripheral vascular resistance
Type 1 diabetes
is a metabolic condition in which no insulin is produced by the body
In contrast to visceral pain, somatic pain
is generally well localized
In addition to moving the presenting part of the baby off a prolapsed umbilical cord, you should:
keep the protruding cord moist and give the mother high-flow oxygen.
The _________ is a retroperitoneal abdominal organ.
kidney
When a patient's blood glucose level increases significantly the
kidneys excrete excess glucose via water
Anaerobic metabolis is a condition of the cell that results in
lactic acid production, decreased blood pH, and metabolic acidosis
Treatment for anaphylactic shock secondary to an insect sting may include all of the following, EXCEPT
leaving the stinger in place
The goal of IV fluid replacement for the patient in shock is to
maintain adequate perfustion
Vaginal bleeding during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy is MOST commonly caused by a/an
miscarriage
Signs and symptoms that are MOST commonly associated with an acute abdomen include:
nausea, vomiting, and abdonminal pain
a nulliparoud woman has
never delivered a viable baby
Major events that typically occur during the first trimester of pregnancy include all of the following, EXCEPT:
notable movement of the fetus by the mother.
You are dispatched to a football game, where a spectator fell approximately 20 from the stands, As you approach the patient, you can see that he has obvious bilateral femur fractures and is not moving. Your initial action should be to
open his airway and assess his breathing
A 33- year old female complains of acute intense pain in both lower abdominal quadrants. She is conscious and alert, tachycardic, and has a fever of 102.5F. You should suspect.
pelvic inflammatory disease.
When assessing a patient with acute atraumatic abdominal pain, you should:
place the patient supine with his or her knees flexed
You are dispactched to an office complex for a middle-aged male with actue abdominal pain. You assessment reveals that he is conscious, restless, and in severe pain. His airway is patent, his breathing is adequate, and his vital signs are stable. Treatment for this patient should include all of the following, EXCEPT:
placing him supine and elevating his legs
When injury occurs to tissues in the healthy human body
platelets aggregate at the site of the injury
In contrast to afterload, preload is:
precontraction pressure caused by blood returning to the heart
Oogenesis is defined as the:
process that results in a mature egg.
A 45-year-old female with type 1 diabetes presents with an altered mental status. Her skin is pale and moist, and her respirations are rapid and shallow. You should
provide ventilatory assistance with 100% oxygen
As soon as the entire infant is born you should
provide warmth, maintain a patent airway, and resuction
When assessing a women in labor, the AEMT's ony sources of information regarding the stage of labor that she is in is/are
questioning the patient and visually inspecting for crowning
Long-term control of blood pressure is regulated by the
renal system
Your assessment of a patient with an allergic reaction should focus on the
respiratory system, circulatory system, mental status, and skin
You respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right" As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should
retreat at once and call law enforcement
They ability of the body to recognized a foreign substance the next time it is encountered is called
sensitivity
A 50-year-old male with a blood sugar level of 38 mg/dL would be expected to present with all of the following EXCEPT
severe dehydration
It is MOST important for your partner to remain at the mother's head during delivery because
she may become nauseated and vomit
When a pregnat woman's system is stressed due to shock, her body will
shunt blood away from the uterus and fetus
Because the ____________ is the body's first line of defense, signs of anaphylaxis typically manifest there first.
skin
Most of the digestive process occurs in the
small intestine
Delivery of an infant at the scene should occur in all of the following situations, EXCEPT when:
the amniotic sac ruptured within the last 60 minutes.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs when
the body's cells metabolize fat as an immediate energy source
In which of the following situations would a baby MOST likely be born with respiratory depression and require aggressive resuscitation?
the mother recently ingested narcotics
In the prehospital setting, the end of the first stage of labor is typically determined by
the presence of crowing
A patient is considered to have positive orthostatic vital signs if:
the systolic pressure drops upon standing
which of the following statement regarding the umbilical cord is correct
the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood to the fetus
why does the clinical presentation of neurogenic shock different from that of hypovolemic shock
they sympathetic nervous system does not release catecholamines
A potential complication associated with the administration of D50 is
tissue necrosis if it extravasates into the soft tissues
An infant born with a nuchal cord has
umbilical cord wrapped around the neck
Clinical manifestations of anaphlactic shock include
urticaria, facial edema, wheezing, and hypotension
