Mod 4 Review

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The initial blood pressure on a patient with chest trauma reads 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following repeat blood pressures demonstrates a narrowing pulse pressure?

106/70 mm Hg

What is the pulse pressure of a patient with a blood pressure of 104/58 mm Hg

46 mm Hg

The normal range for blood glucose levels in nonfasting adults and children ranges from

80 to 120 mg/dL

In most people, a systolic BP of _______ is sufficient to adequately perfuse the brain and other vital organs.

80-90 mm Hg

Assuming that previous exposure and sensitization has occurred, which of the following patients will likely experience the MOST severe allergic reaction?

A 40-year-old female who was stung by a yellow jacket

What is the pathophysiology of distributive shock

A disproportionate volume of blood due to an enlarged vascular space.

Which of the following pain patterns is MOST consistent with kidney stones?

Flank pain that radiates to the groin

Which of the following statesment regarding hyperosmoler hyperglycemix nonketotic coma (HHNC) is correct

HHNC is not associated with a fruity odor on the patient's breath

In which of the following situations would a diabetic patient MOST likely develeop hypoglycemic crisis (insulin shock)

Heavy exertion following a small meal

Whihc of the following is a LATE sign of preeclampsia

Hyperactive reflexes

A 29-year-old pregnancy woman complains of severe vomiting, which has persisted for 2 days. During your assessment, she vomits a large amount of blood and begins to develop signs of shock. You should suspect

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

A 50-year-old female with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea complains of intense thirst and generalized weakness. Her blood pressure is 86/50 mm Hg and her pulse rate is 130 beats. min and thready. Which of the following interventions would NOT be appropriate for her

Salt-containing solutions by mouth

Which of the following organs is the MOST tolerant of low blood flow?

Skin

What is the pathophysiology of psychogenic shock

Temporary, generalized vascular dilation

Which of the following occurs during shock (hypoperfusion)?

The removal of metabolic waste products is decreased

Which of the following statements regarding diabetes is correct?

Type 1 diabetes occurs most commonly in children

As perfusion decreases, they sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, resulting in

a release of epinephrine and norepinephrine

A 19-year-old female presents with severe pain to the left lower quadrant of her abdomen. She is restless, tachypneic, and tachycardic. When you inquire about her last menstrual period, she tells you that it was approximately 2 months ago. You should suspect:

a ruptured ectopic pregnancy

Hypovolemic shock caused by an atraumatic acute abdomen is usually the result of:

abnormal fluid shifts from the bloodstream into the body tissues

Peritonitis typically causes ileus, which is the result of:

absent peristalisis in the instestine.

Insulin is produced when

absorbed carbohydrates stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas

A 77-year old man presents with hypertension, anuria, generalized edema, and tachypnea. This clinical presentation is MOST consistent with

acute renal failure

which of the following is NOT an element of the Fick principle

adequate platelets to promote blood-clotting

A 72-year-old mail with type 2 diabetes complain of "of not feeling well" He is daiphorestic and his blood sugar reading is 110 mg/dL. You should be MOST suspicious for

an acute myocardial infarction

A common clinical finding in patients with hyp- or hyperglycemic crisis is

an altered mental status

Fifty percent dextrose (d50) is indicated in all of the following situations EXCEPT

an asymptomatic patient with a blood glucose of 60 mg/dL

A 20-year-old female presents with lower abdominal pain and scant vaginal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 124/64 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 120 beats/min and strong. When asked, she states that her last menstrual period was approximately 2 months ago. you should suspect

an ectopic pregnancy

A 29-year-old male experienced multiple fire-ant bites to his lower extremities. He is conscious and alert, and denies respiratory distress. His skin is warm, dry, and without urticaria and his breath sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. Appropriate management for this patient includes

appluinc ice to the bites and observing for signs of an allergic reaction

You respond to a movie theater for a 70-year-old male who is confused. His wife tells you he has type 2 diabetes but refuses to take his pills. Your assessment reveals that the patient is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. Initial management for this patient should include:

applying a nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min

You arrive at the scene of a 29-year-old woman in active labor. She tells you that her amniotic sac broke about 2 hours ago. you should:

ask her if the fluid was clear or if it was dark and odorous

A 29-year-old confused female has a blood glucose reading of 50 ml/DL. After adminstering one tube of oral glucose, you note marked inmprovement in her mental status. As you are taking her vital signs, her level of consciousness suddenly decreases. You should

assess her airway and treat accordingly

A young female with severe lower abdominal pain presents with a decreased level of consciousness, tachypnea, and shallow, breathing. Her blood pressue is 88/48 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beaths.min and weak. You should:

assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device

A 46-year-old female presents with respiratory difficulty, facial, swelling, and widespread hives after she was stung by an unknown type of insect. Her blood pressure is 88/58 mm Hg; auscultation of her lungs reveals diffuse expiratory wheezing. The patient has a prescribed EpiPen, but has not used it. After administering 100% oxygen, you should

assist the patient with her EpiPen in accordance with your protocols

The liver secretes __________, which is an enzyme that the body uses to:

bile, dissolve fats into solution

which of the following physiologic responses occurs during irreversible shock

blood is shunted from the liver and kidneys to the brain and heart

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is

blood pressure required to sustain organ perfusion

In addition to widespread urticaria, _____________ is a common response in patients experiencing a severe allergic reaction.

bronchospasm

Unlike the honeybee, wasps and horney

can sting multiple times, because their stinger is not let imbedded in the skin

a patient who presents with hypotension, jugular venous distention, and a rapid irregular pulse, should be suspected of experienceing

cardiogenic shock

The primary rold of the large intestine is to

complete the reabsorption of water

In which of the following patients would it be MOST appropriate to administer oral glucose

confused diabetic patient who is breathing adequately

When assessing the heart rate of a pregnant patient in her second trimester, you should expect her systolic blood pressure to:

decrease by 10 to 15 mm Hg

Patients with hypothyroidism often gain weight because of

decreased metabolism

The functional layer of the uterus that is shed from the vagina if fertilization of an egg does not occur is called the

endometrium

Kussmaul respirations indicate tha tthe respiratory system is

excreting ketones from the blood

Insulin maintains homeostasis by:

facilitating cellular glucose uptake.

the uppermost portion of the uterus is called the

fundus

Glycogenolysys is metabolic process in which

glucagon converts stored glycogen into glucose

When a healthy person's blood glucose level drops, such as what occurs in between meals:

glucagon is secreted into the bloodstream.

The primary fuels for cellular metabolism are:

glucose and oxygen

Excess glucose is stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of:

glycogen

The metabolic conversion of glucose into energy is called

glycolysis

Obstructive shock occurs when the

heart is physically restricted from pumping adequately

The "perfusion triangle" consists of The

heart, blood vessels, blood

All of the following are common signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure EXCEPT

hematuria

When assessing a 30-year-old female in her second trimester of pregnancy, the MOST important clinical sign of preeclampsia for the AEMT to recognize is

hypertension

Medically, the term "diabetes" refers to:

impairment of the body to metabolize carbohydrates.

stimulation of beta1 receptors causes a positive inotropic effect resulting in

increased cardiac contractility

The aplha1 effects of norephinephrine result in

increased peripheral vascular resistance

Type 1 diabetes

is a metabolic condition in which no insulin is produced by the body

In contrast to visceral pain, somatic pain

is generally well localized

In addition to moving the presenting part of the baby off a prolapsed umbilical cord, you should:

keep the protruding cord moist and give the mother high-flow oxygen.

The _________ is a retroperitoneal abdominal organ.

kidney

When a patient's blood glucose level increases significantly the

kidneys excrete excess glucose via water

Anaerobic metabolis is a condition of the cell that results in

lactic acid production, decreased blood pH, and metabolic acidosis

Treatment for anaphylactic shock secondary to an insect sting may include all of the following, EXCEPT

leaving the stinger in place

The goal of IV fluid replacement for the patient in shock is to

maintain adequate perfustion

Vaginal bleeding during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy is MOST commonly caused by a/an

miscarriage

Signs and symptoms that are MOST commonly associated with an acute abdomen include:

nausea, vomiting, and abdonminal pain

a nulliparoud woman has

never delivered a viable baby

Major events that typically occur during the first trimester of pregnancy include all of the following, EXCEPT:

notable movement of the fetus by the mother.

You are dispatched to a football game, where a spectator fell approximately 20 from the stands, As you approach the patient, you can see that he has obvious bilateral femur fractures and is not moving. Your initial action should be to

open his airway and assess his breathing

A 33- year old female complains of acute intense pain in both lower abdominal quadrants. She is conscious and alert, tachycardic, and has a fever of 102.5F. You should suspect.

pelvic inflammatory disease.

When assessing a patient with acute atraumatic abdominal pain, you should:

place the patient supine with his or her knees flexed

You are dispactched to an office complex for a middle-aged male with actue abdominal pain. You assessment reveals that he is conscious, restless, and in severe pain. His airway is patent, his breathing is adequate, and his vital signs are stable. Treatment for this patient should include all of the following, EXCEPT:

placing him supine and elevating his legs

When injury occurs to tissues in the healthy human body

platelets aggregate at the site of the injury

In contrast to afterload, preload is:

precontraction pressure caused by blood returning to the heart

Oogenesis is defined as the:

process that results in a mature egg.

A 45-year-old female with type 1 diabetes presents with an altered mental status. Her skin is pale and moist, and her respirations are rapid and shallow. You should

provide ventilatory assistance with 100% oxygen

As soon as the entire infant is born you should

provide warmth, maintain a patent airway, and resuction

When assessing a women in labor, the AEMT's ony sources of information regarding the stage of labor that she is in is/are

questioning the patient and visually inspecting for crowning

Long-term control of blood pressure is regulated by the

renal system

Your assessment of a patient with an allergic reaction should focus on the

respiratory system, circulatory system, mental status, and skin

You respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right" As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should

retreat at once and call law enforcement

They ability of the body to recognized a foreign substance the next time it is encountered is called

sensitivity

A 50-year-old male with a blood sugar level of 38 mg/dL would be expected to present with all of the following EXCEPT

severe dehydration

It is MOST important for your partner to remain at the mother's head during delivery because

she may become nauseated and vomit

When a pregnat woman's system is stressed due to shock, her body will

shunt blood away from the uterus and fetus

Because the ____________ is the body's first line of defense, signs of anaphylaxis typically manifest there first.

skin

Most of the digestive process occurs in the

small intestine

Delivery of an infant at the scene should occur in all of the following situations, EXCEPT when:

the amniotic sac ruptured within the last 60 minutes.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs when

the body's cells metabolize fat as an immediate energy source

In which of the following situations would a baby MOST likely be born with respiratory depression and require aggressive resuscitation?

the mother recently ingested narcotics

In the prehospital setting, the end of the first stage of labor is typically determined by

the presence of crowing

A patient is considered to have positive orthostatic vital signs if:

the systolic pressure drops upon standing

which of the following statement regarding the umbilical cord is correct

the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood to the fetus

why does the clinical presentation of neurogenic shock different from that of hypovolemic shock

they sympathetic nervous system does not release catecholamines

A potential complication associated with the administration of D50 is

tissue necrosis if it extravasates into the soft tissues

An infant born with a nuchal cord has

umbilical cord wrapped around the neck

Clinical manifestations of anaphlactic shock include

urticaria, facial edema, wheezing, and hypotension


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