Module 1 Study Guide Maness

Identify three of the five basic themes in biology: I. The cellular composition of life II. The evolution of life III. The interactions of living systems IV. The mechanisms of disease V. The transmission of information

II, III, and V

Which is a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

It is falsifiable.

Similar families of organisms are next grouped together in the same:

Order

Which stimulus most directly causes the Venus flytrap to catch an insect?

Touch

All of the genes present in a population make up its gene pool.

True

Changing your view of reality involves a paradigm shift.

True

Systems biology is also called integrative biology.

True

A DNA molecule is made up of:

nucleotides

Which statement best describes autotrophic organisms?

Autotrophs synthesize macromolecules from CO2, water, and energy.

Consider the statement "biological systems interact." What does this mean?

Biological organisms are interdependent.

Which tool is used by researchers to rapidly and inexpensively edit genetic material?

CRISPR

Which technology has been used to successfully deactivate specific human genes, modify yeasts for biofuel production, and modify agricultural crop?

CRISPR/Cas9

bread mold

Fungi

What is the purpose of the cilia and flagella of cells?

They provide movement for the cell.

CRISPR research can decrease the spread of what type of disease?

Zika and other mosquito-borne diseases

What is a distinct characteristic of asexual reproduction?

a cell splitting into identical halves

Suppose a particular protein is produced in excess of the cellʼs needs. What kind of mechanism will intervene to stop production?

homeostatic

The primary purpose of homeostasis is to:

maintain a constant internal environment

Using the Linnaean system of nomenclature, corn is named Zea mays. What is the specific epithet in this name?

mays

In living organisms, chemical reactions responsible for growth, repair, and nutrition are collectively referred to as:

metabolism

Which is a byproduct of photosynthesis?

oxygen

All members of the same species occupying the same area at the same time constitute a(n):

population

Which organizational unit includes the fewest species of organisms?

population

By definition, an organism that is eukaryotic:

possesses a nucleus

In deductive reasoning, we begin with ____ and make ____ based on that information.

premises; conclusions

To which phylum do humans belong?

Chordata

What are inherited characteristics that enhance an organismʼs ability to survive in its environment?

Adaptations

What is a branching diagram that depicts the relationships among organisms based on shared characteristics?

cladogram

What would be the ultimate effect on an ecosystem if decomposers were eliminated?

All life would eventually cease due to a lack of available nutrients.

What type of molecule carries the hereditary information of an organism?

DNA

Which is a benefit of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

The interaction of the genes from both parents allows genetic variation.

One of the conclusions drawn from Darwinʼs theory of evolution is that:

organisms living today descended from previously existing forms

Which statement best describes the cell theory?

All living organisms are composed of basic units called cells

The scientific name for coffee is Coffea arabica. More specifically, the species name is arabica.

False

With deductive reasoning, you draw conclusions from specific observations.

False

An organism that is neither prokaryotic nor photosynthetic, and must obtain its nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes into the environment, belongs to which group of organisms?

Fungi

Which scenario best describes a double-blind study?

Neither the investigator nor the subjects know who is in the experimental or control groups.

Which process is most directly associated with the theory of evolution?

Populations changing over time

You discover an organism that is eukaryotic, unicellular, and photosynthetic. Based on this evidence, to which group would you assign this organism?

Protists

During an experiment, what is the purpose of a control group?

To ensure that the results observed in the experimental group is due to the variable being tested

prokaryotes

bacteria

What is an end product of cellular respiration?

carbon dioxide

What are units of hereditary information?

genes

The human body is made up of specialized cells that perform different functions. For example, a neuron is a specialized cell of the nervous system that receives and transmits signals throughout the body. To perform these tasks, the neuron uniquely possesses branched protoplasmic protrusions, called dendrites and axons, which conduct the signals to and from its cell body. This illustrates which of the five major biological themes?

interrelation of structure and function in biological systems

Which cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles?

prokaryotic cells

Suppose we want to examine the effect of a fertilizer on the size of zucchini produced, and therefore, we need to establish the experimental and control groups. The control group for this experiment would be defined under which conditions?

soil, water, sun, and zucchini seeds

What is a subspecialty of systematics and is the science of naming and classifying organisms?

taxonomy