Module 10

The function(s) of the liver include which of the following:

-Secretion of bile -Removal of compounds in the blood -Conversion of glucose to glycogen -Capable of protein synthesis

Please match the pancreatic juice enzyme with its function.

1. Digests starch Amylase 2. Digests protein Trypsin 3. Digests triglycerides Lipase

_________________ is a disorder in which acidic gastric juice travels up the esophagus.

GERD

____________ are hepatic phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system.

Kupffer cells

The movement of digested food into the blood or lymph is

absorption

What is the function of enterokinase secreted by the brush border?

activates the protein-digesting enzyme trypsin

What commonly ingested substances are absorbed through the stomach wall?

alcohol and aspirin

Acid chyme is buffered by __________ secreted from the pancreas.

bicarbonate

As bile is produced, it drains into

bile canaliculi.

Deglutition is coordinated by the swallowing center in the

brain stem

The majority of hydrolysis of disaccharides occurs by the actions of enzymes found

brush border of small intestine

Which of the following is NOT a section of the small intestine?

cecum

Bile is composed of which of the following?

cholesterol

The stomach churns food into a pasty material is called

chyme

In the parietal cells, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes a reaction between _________________ and ______________________.

co2 and water

Stress would cause GI motility and secretions to be

decreased

Atrophy of the pancreatic acinar cells occurs in response to

decreased cholecystokinin secretion.

The process of waste removal is called

defecation

Which of the following is NOT produced by the liver?

digestive enzymes

Most protein digestion occurs in the

duodenum and jejunum.

Histamine secretion by the stomach would be prevented by destruction of the

enterochromaffin-like cells.

Trypsin is activated by the enzyme

enterokinase

What structure keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing?

epiglottis

Ion exchange molecules in the plasma membrane of the parietal cells will ______________________________.

exchange bicarbonate ions going out for chloride ions coming in.

Bile is produced by the gallbladder.

false

The appendix is a short, thin out-pouching of the ileum.

false

Secretion of enterogasterone is stimulated by _____ in the chyme.

fats

The appendix is a short, thin out-pouching of the ileum.

flase

Physiological jaundice of the newborn is due to high levels of

free bilirubin

Amino acids and peptides in the stomach lumen stimulate acid secretion during the ________ phase of gastric secretion.

gastric

Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones is NOT secreted by the small intestine?

gastrin

Converting glucose into glycogen is the process of

glycogenesis

Which of the following may be beneficial in treating gastric ulcers?

histamine blockers

Hydrochloric acid is formed when _________________________________.

hydrogen ions and chloride ions join in the duct of the gastric gland.

Which of the following is NOT a function of intestinal microbiota?

hydrolyze proteins

The __________ stimulates decreased gastric motility.

ileogastric reflex

Vitamin B12 is primarily absorbed in the

ileum

The majority of hydrolysis of disaccharides occurs by the actions of enzymes found

in the brush border of the small intestine.

____________ is required for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12.

intrinsic factor

Which is NOT true of conjugated bilirubin?

it is not water soluble

Lipid digestion and absorption requires the coordinated actions of ______ and ____.

lipase, bile

Clotting factors are produced by the

liver

What organ produces bile?

liver

Multispecific organic anion transport carriers are present in the

liver and nephron tubules

The enterohepatic circulation is between the _____ and _____.

liver, intestine

In which of the following areas does carbohydrate digestion occur?

mouth and duodenum

Which of the following is the correct order for the major parts of the gastrointestinal tract?

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Zymogens are inactive forms of __________ enzymes.

pancreatic

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium associated with

peptic ulcers.

Involuntary muscle contractions which move a bolus through the gastrointestinal tract are called ________________________.

peristalsis

Wavelike muscular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract is called

peristalsis

Pepsin would have the greatest activity

ph less than 3 chyme

The conjugation of nonpolar compounds in the liver makes them _____ and water _____.

polar, soluble

The major stimulus for the secretion of HCl during the cephalic phase of gastric regulation is

release of histamine by ecl cells or smell of food

Which of the following zymogens is activated by trypsin in the small intestine?

ribonuclease or carboxypeptidase

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of _____________, but most occurs in the duodenum as a result of the secretion of ___________.

salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase

Place the tunics of the GI tract wall in the correct order from superficial to deep.

serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the ___________________________.

small intestine

Bile is forced up the cystic duct through the closing of the

sphincter of Oddi.

Which of the following is NOT an effect of CCK?

stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice

Bicarbonate that protects the duodenum from peptic ulcers comes from all of the following EXCEPT:

stomach

Active transport of Na+ into intestinal cells allows the osmosis of water.

true

Dipeptides and tripeptides are absorbed into intestinal cells and then hydrolyzed into free amino acids.

true

GIP both inhibits gastric motility and increases the release of insulin from the pancreas.

true

In the parietal cell, carbonic acid dissociates into a bicarbonate ion and a hydrogen ion.

true

Inadequate bile secretion will limit emulsification of fats.

true

Mutating the gene encoding for the H+/K+ ATPase would block gastric HCl secretion.

true

The lining of the intestine provides a physical barrier against microorganisms and their toxins.

true

Triglycerides are remade in intestinal epithelial cells before combining with proteins to form chylomicrons.

true

The liver will detoxify ammonia by converting it into

urea

The primary function of the large intestine is

water and electrolyte reabsorption

The primary function of the large intestine is

water and electrolyte reabsorption.