Module 10
The function(s) of the liver include which of the following:
-Secretion of bile -Removal of compounds in the blood -Conversion of glucose to glycogen -Capable of protein synthesis
Please match the pancreatic juice enzyme with its function.
1. Digests starch Amylase 2. Digests protein Trypsin 3. Digests triglycerides Lipase
_________________ is a disorder in which acidic gastric juice travels up the esophagus.
GERD
____________ are hepatic phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system.
Kupffer cells
The movement of digested food into the blood or lymph is
absorption
What is the function of enterokinase secreted by the brush border?
activates the protein-digesting enzyme trypsin
What commonly ingested substances are absorbed through the stomach wall?
alcohol and aspirin
Acid chyme is buffered by __________ secreted from the pancreas.
bicarbonate
As bile is produced, it drains into
bile canaliculi.
Deglutition is coordinated by the swallowing center in the
brain stem
The majority of hydrolysis of disaccharides occurs by the actions of enzymes found
brush border of small intestine
Which of the following is NOT a section of the small intestine?
cecum
Bile is composed of which of the following?
cholesterol
The stomach churns food into a pasty material is called
chyme
In the parietal cells, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes a reaction between _________________ and ______________________.
co2 and water
Stress would cause GI motility and secretions to be
decreased
Atrophy of the pancreatic acinar cells occurs in response to
decreased cholecystokinin secretion.
The process of waste removal is called
defecation
Which of the following is NOT produced by the liver?
digestive enzymes
Most protein digestion occurs in the
duodenum and jejunum.
Histamine secretion by the stomach would be prevented by destruction of the
enterochromaffin-like cells.
Trypsin is activated by the enzyme
enterokinase
What structure keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing?
epiglottis
Ion exchange molecules in the plasma membrane of the parietal cells will ______________________________.
exchange bicarbonate ions going out for chloride ions coming in.
Bile is produced by the gallbladder.
false
The appendix is a short, thin out-pouching of the ileum.
false
Secretion of enterogasterone is stimulated by _____ in the chyme.
fats
The appendix is a short, thin out-pouching of the ileum.
flase
Physiological jaundice of the newborn is due to high levels of
free bilirubin
Amino acids and peptides in the stomach lumen stimulate acid secretion during the ________ phase of gastric secretion.
gastric
Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones is NOT secreted by the small intestine?
gastrin
Converting glucose into glycogen is the process of
glycogenesis
Which of the following may be beneficial in treating gastric ulcers?
histamine blockers
Hydrochloric acid is formed when _________________________________.
hydrogen ions and chloride ions join in the duct of the gastric gland.
Which of the following is NOT a function of intestinal microbiota?
hydrolyze proteins
The __________ stimulates decreased gastric motility.
ileogastric reflex
Vitamin B12 is primarily absorbed in the
ileum
The majority of hydrolysis of disaccharides occurs by the actions of enzymes found
in the brush border of the small intestine.
____________ is required for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12.
intrinsic factor
Which is NOT true of conjugated bilirubin?
it is not water soluble
Lipid digestion and absorption requires the coordinated actions of ______ and ____.
lipase, bile
Clotting factors are produced by the
liver
What organ produces bile?
liver
Multispecific organic anion transport carriers are present in the
liver and nephron tubules
The enterohepatic circulation is between the _____ and _____.
liver, intestine
In which of the following areas does carbohydrate digestion occur?
mouth and duodenum
Which of the following is the correct order for the major parts of the gastrointestinal tract?
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Zymogens are inactive forms of __________ enzymes.
pancreatic
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium associated with
peptic ulcers.
Involuntary muscle contractions which move a bolus through the gastrointestinal tract are called ________________________.
peristalsis
Wavelike muscular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract is called
peristalsis
Pepsin would have the greatest activity
ph less than 3 chyme
The conjugation of nonpolar compounds in the liver makes them _____ and water _____.
polar, soluble
The major stimulus for the secretion of HCl during the cephalic phase of gastric regulation is
release of histamine by ecl cells or smell of food
Which of the following zymogens is activated by trypsin in the small intestine?
ribonuclease or carboxypeptidase
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of _____________, but most occurs in the duodenum as a result of the secretion of ___________.
salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase
Place the tunics of the GI tract wall in the correct order from superficial to deep.
serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa
Most nutrient absorption occurs in the ___________________________.
small intestine
Bile is forced up the cystic duct through the closing of the
sphincter of Oddi.
Which of the following is NOT an effect of CCK?
stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice
Bicarbonate that protects the duodenum from peptic ulcers comes from all of the following EXCEPT:
stomach
Active transport of Na+ into intestinal cells allows the osmosis of water.
true
Dipeptides and tripeptides are absorbed into intestinal cells and then hydrolyzed into free amino acids.
true
GIP both inhibits gastric motility and increases the release of insulin from the pancreas.
true
In the parietal cell, carbonic acid dissociates into a bicarbonate ion and a hydrogen ion.
true
Inadequate bile secretion will limit emulsification of fats.
true
Mutating the gene encoding for the H+/K+ ATPase would block gastric HCl secretion.
true
The lining of the intestine provides a physical barrier against microorganisms and their toxins.
true
Triglycerides are remade in intestinal epithelial cells before combining with proteins to form chylomicrons.
true
The liver will detoxify ammonia by converting it into
urea
The primary function of the large intestine is
water and electrolyte reabsorption
The primary function of the large intestine is
water and electrolyte reabsorption.