Module 11: Digestive System
The abbreviation of the medical term referring to the periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain is:
IBS
The meaning of the medical term reflux is:
abnormal backward flow
The main functions of the large intestine are:
absorption of water and elimination of solid waste
The word part that completes the medical term meaning pertaining to the anus, _________/al, is:
an
The medical term anoplasty refers to surgical repair of the:
anus
The medical term referring to the inability to swallow is:
aphagia
A(n) ___ is a series of radiographic films taken of the large intestine after a contrast agent has been administered rectally.
barium enema
The medical term melena refers to:
black, tarry stool that contains digested blood
The large intestine is comprised of the:
cecum, colon, and rectum
A patient is diagnosed with ___, which is a malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten.
celiac disease
All of the following combining forms mean abdomen EXCEPT:
cheil/o
The medical term that refers to the suturing of the lip is:
cheilorrhaphy
The medical term that means inflammation of the gallbladder is:
cholecystitis
The word part that completes the medical term meaning condition of stones in the common bile duct, _______/o/lith/iasis, is:
choledoch
The medical term that describes the chronic disease of the liver involving gradual destruction of cells, which is most commonly caused by alcoholism or certain types of viral hepatitis, is:
cirrhosis
The medical term that refers to an excision of the colon is:
colectomy
The medical term referring to frequent discharge of liquid stool is:
diarrhea
The word part that completes the medical term meaning inflammation of a diverticulum, ____________/itis, is:
diverticul
The medical term meaning removal of pouchlike herniations through the muscular layer of the colon, especially the sigmoid colon, is:
diverticulectomy
When a bolus of food leaves the stomach, it travels through the:
duodenum, jejunum, and then the ileum
The combining form meaning intestine (usually denoting the small intestine) is:
enter/o
The medical term meaning surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach is:
esophagogastroplasty
The medical term referring to the tubular passageway for food that extends from the pharynx to the stomach is:
esophagus
The meaning of the medical term gastrectomy is:
excision of the stomach
When blood is present in the feces but cannot be detected except through chemical testing, a ___ test may be useful in screening for bowel cancer or polyps.
fecal occult blood
The small sac-like structure that stores bile is called:
gallbladder
The medical term for the creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and the jejunum is:
gastrojejunostomy
Patient G's constipation has led to a distention of the veins in the rectal region, a condition known as:
hemorrhoids
The medical term that means tumor of the liver is:
hepatoma
Patient H is diagnosed with steatohepatitis. By breaking this term down into its word parts, we can conclude that Patient H is suffering from:
inflammation of the liver associated with excess fat
The meaning of the medical term ileostomy is the creation of an artificial opening:
into the ileum
The term peristalsis describes the:
involuntary wavelike movement of food through the digestive tract
The instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity is:
laparoscope
The opening through which food passes into the body:
mouth
A patient is diagnosed with hemochromatosis, which:
occurs when the body absorbs too much iron from food, creating excess iron deposits throughout the body
The meaning of the medical term palatitis is inflammation of the:
palate
In the medical term pancreatitis, the word root means:
pancreas
Another name for either a gastric or duodenal ulcer is:
peptic ulcer
The word part that completes the medical term meaning pertaining to the peritoneum, ___________/al, is:
peritone
The medical term meaning visual examination of the rectum is:
proctoscopy
The ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is called the:
pyloric sphincter
The medical term meaning surgical repair of the pylorus is:
pyloroplasty
In the medical term proctologist, the word root means:
rectum
In the medical term rectocele, the word root means:
rectum
Crohn disease, which is a chronic intestinal inflammation that usually occurs in the ileus and colon and forms scar tissue, is sometimes referred to as:
regional ileitis
The medical term that means stone in the salivary gland is:
sialolith
In the medical term sigmoidoscopy, the word root means:
sigmoid colon
The final portion of the colon that is S-shaped and leads to the rectum is called the:
sigmoid colon
The meaning of the medical term gastritis is inflammation of the:
stomach
An inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth is called:
stomatitis
The meaning of the medical term herniorrhaphy is:
suturing of a hernia
The medical term intussusception refers to:
telescoping of a segment of the intestine
The ileum is the:
third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet
The combining form gloss/o means:
tongue
The medical term meaning inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers is:
ulcerative colitis
The soft V-shaped mass that extends from the soft palate is called the:
uvula
The surgeon plans to cut certain branches of the patient's vagus nerve in hopes of reducing the amount of gastric acid produced, a procedure called:
vagotomy
The pain on Tina's lower right side leads the Emergency Department team to suspect an inflammation of her ________, the pouch that hangs from her cecum.
vermiform appendix
The fingerlike projections lining the walls of the small intestine are called:
villi