Module 11: Digestive System

The abbreviation of the medical term referring to the periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain is:

IBS

The meaning of the medical term reflux is:

abnormal backward flow

The main functions of the large intestine are:

absorption of water and elimination of solid waste

The word part that completes the medical term meaning pertaining to the anus, _________/al, is:

an

The medical term anoplasty refers to surgical repair of the:

anus

The medical term referring to the inability to swallow is:

aphagia

A(n) ___ is a series of radiographic films taken of the large intestine after a contrast agent has been administered rectally.

barium enema

The medical term melena refers to:

black, tarry stool that contains digested blood

The large intestine is comprised of the:

cecum, colon, and rectum

A patient is diagnosed with ___, which is a malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten.

celiac disease

All of the following combining forms mean abdomen EXCEPT:

cheil/o

The medical term that refers to the suturing of the lip is:

cheilorrhaphy

The medical term that means inflammation of the gallbladder is:

cholecystitis

The word part that completes the medical term meaning condition of stones in the common bile duct, _______/o/lith/iasis, is:

choledoch

The medical term that describes the chronic disease of the liver involving gradual destruction of cells, which is most commonly caused by alcoholism or certain types of viral hepatitis, is:

cirrhosis

The medical term that refers to an excision of the colon is:

colectomy

The medical term referring to frequent discharge of liquid stool is:

diarrhea

The word part that completes the medical term meaning inflammation of a diverticulum, ____________/itis, is:

diverticul

The medical term meaning removal of pouchlike herniations through the muscular layer of the colon, especially the sigmoid colon, is:

diverticulectomy

When a bolus of food leaves the stomach, it travels through the:

duodenum, jejunum, and then the ileum

The combining form meaning intestine (usually denoting the small intestine) is:

enter/o

The medical term meaning surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach is:

esophagogastroplasty

The medical term referring to the tubular passageway for food that extends from the pharynx to the stomach is:

esophagus

The meaning of the medical term gastrectomy is:

excision of the stomach

When blood is present in the feces but cannot be detected except through chemical testing, a ___ test may be useful in screening for bowel cancer or polyps.

fecal occult blood

The small sac-like structure that stores bile is called:

gallbladder

The medical term for the creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and the jejunum is:

gastrojejunostomy

Patient G's constipation has led to a distention of the veins in the rectal region, a condition known as:

hemorrhoids

The medical term that means tumor of the liver is:

hepatoma

Patient H is diagnosed with steatohepatitis. By breaking this term down into its word parts, we can conclude that Patient H is suffering from:

inflammation of the liver associated with excess fat

The meaning of the medical term ileostomy is the creation of an artificial opening:

into the ileum

The term peristalsis describes the:

involuntary wavelike movement of food through the digestive tract

The instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity is:

laparoscope

The opening through which food passes into the body:

mouth

A patient is diagnosed with hemochromatosis, which:

occurs when the body absorbs too much iron from food, creating excess iron deposits throughout the body

The meaning of the medical term palatitis is inflammation of the:

palate

In the medical term pancreatitis, the word root means:

pancreas

Another name for either a gastric or duodenal ulcer is:

peptic ulcer

The word part that completes the medical term meaning pertaining to the peritoneum, ___________/al, is:

peritone

The medical term meaning visual examination of the rectum is:

proctoscopy

The ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is called the:

pyloric sphincter

The medical term meaning surgical repair of the pylorus is:

pyloroplasty

In the medical term proctologist, the word root means:

rectum

In the medical term rectocele, the word root means:

rectum

Crohn disease, which is a chronic intestinal inflammation that usually occurs in the ileus and colon and forms scar tissue, is sometimes referred to as:

regional ileitis

The medical term that means stone in the salivary gland is:

sialolith

In the medical term sigmoidoscopy, the word root means:

sigmoid colon

The final portion of the colon that is S-shaped and leads to the rectum is called the:

sigmoid colon

The meaning of the medical term gastritis is inflammation of the:

stomach

An inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth is called:

stomatitis

The meaning of the medical term herniorrhaphy is:

suturing of a hernia

The medical term intussusception refers to:

telescoping of a segment of the intestine

The ileum is the:

third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet

The combining form gloss/o means:

tongue

The medical term meaning inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers is:

ulcerative colitis

The soft V-shaped mass that extends from the soft palate is called the:

uvula

The surgeon plans to cut certain branches of the patient's vagus nerve in hopes of reducing the amount of gastric acid produced, a procedure called:

vagotomy

The pain on Tina's lower right side leads the Emergency Department team to suspect an inflammation of her ________, the pouch that hangs from her cecum.

vermiform appendix

The fingerlike projections lining the walls of the small intestine are called:

villi