Module 15-Apply What You Know

What are two reasons why psychologists usually oppose the use of spanking?

Because it may lead to avoidance behaviors and lead to fear and anxiety.

Describe how you'd use shaping to each a young child how to play catch with a Nerf ball.

You would praise the child every time a certain action is done correctly and extend the time you would praise.

If you don't know when to expect text messages from your messages from your friends, checking to see if you've received a text is reinforced on a ___________ schedule.

fixed interval

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?

A dog that is given a piece of food after begging at the dinner table learns to beg more frequently.

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

A football player goes to the weight room every day to gain strength.

Explain the distinction between positive and negative reinforcement.

Positive reinforcement is done when behavior is led by a desirable event/state and negative is when behavior ends a undesirable event/state.

__________ is any consequence that decreases the future likelihood of a behavior.

Punishment

__________ is any consequence that increases the future likelihood of a behavior.

Reinforcement

Latent learning demonstrates the importance of __________ in operant conditioning.

cognition

In operant conditioning, the frequency of a behavior is determined by the behavior's __________.

consequence

Positive punishment decreases the frequency of behavior. Negative punishment __________ the frequency of behavior.

decreases

We know to stop at red light and go when the light turns green because of __________.

discrimination

Rewarding the individuals for behavior they already enjoy may cause them do the behavior less when the rewards stop. This is called the __________ __________ effect.

overjustification

Reinforcing only some correct responses is called __________.

primary reinforcement