Module 2 - Electronic Components (Question Sheet)
One characteristic of SCRs is that they act as an ____ circuit until a triggering current is applied to their gate
open
The ambient temperature rating is the range of temperatures over which the diode will ____ and still maintain its basic characteristics
operate
An analog circuit building block with very high input impedance, low output impedance, and very high gain is a(n) ____
operational amplifier
They are usually packaged as one, two, or four individual amplifiers within an IC ... What is this device called?
operational amplifier
They have very high input impedance, a low output impedance, and very high gain ... What is this device called?
operational amplifier
The NOR gate is an OR gate with an inverter on its ____
output
When the voltage at the anode is negative with respect to the cathode (reverse bias), current will not flow unless the voltage is so high that is ____ the diode
overwhelms
Current does ____ normally flow across a PN junction
not
When in doubt, the polarity of a diode may be checked with an ____
ohmmeter
The AND gate is a device whose output is a logic ____ if both of its inputs are a logic 1
1
The OR gate is a device whose output is a logic 1 if either or both of its inputs are ____
1
PIV ratings for silicon can be in the neighborhood of ____V, whereas the maximum value for germanium is closer to 400V
1,000
When used in a circuit, an LED is generally operated at about ____ or less
20mA
Electronic circuits commonly use DC voltages of ____ or less
24V
Which of the following can be added as an impurity to a semiconductor material to create an N-type semiconductor? a. Arsenic b. Germanium c. Gallium d. Indium
Arsenic
AC voltages are used in many electrical circuits. In electronic circuits, low-level ____ voltages such as 5V, 10V, 15V, and 24V are used
DC
The term thyristor includes which of the following groups of components? a. Transistors, FETs, and SCRs b. Diacs, triacs, and SCRs c. Diodes, diacs, and SCRs d. Diacs, triacs, and op amps
Diacs, triacs, and SCRs
As the name implies, a ____ gate is an AND gate with an inverter on its output
NAND
The inverter, also known as the ____ function, produces an output that is always opposite of the input
NOT
By sandwiching a very thin piece of P-type germanium between two slices of N-type germanium, a ____ transistor is formed
NPN
What are the two basic types of transistors?
NPN and PNP
A logic device that produces a logic zero only if both of its inputs are logic zeros is a(n) ____
OR gate
What are the two materials normally used to construct transistors?
P and N materials
A half-wave rectifier is constructed of ____ diode(s)
one
Diodes allow current to flow in ____ direction but not in the other
one
An atom with five or more valence electrons is ____
an insulator
Like SCRs, triacs are used in phase control applications to control the ____ power applied to loads
average
When replacing an IC it is important to know the proper orientation because it is possible to install them ____
backwards
Most electrostatic discharge occurs at voltages ____ the range of human sensitivity
below
The peak inverse voltage (PIV) is the reverse bias at which ____ occurs
breakover
Conductors are so called because they readily ____ electrical current
carry
Note that in some cases diodes are marked with the schematic symbol, or there may be a band at one end to indicate the ____
cathode
Like a common diode, current will only flow through the SCR in ____ direction
one
Voltage applied across the triac does not have to exceed a breakover voltage in order for ____ to begin
conduction
Static charges cannot penetrate containers that are made of ____ materials
conductive
Semiconductors are materials in which the capacity to conduct electricity can be ____ by varying the voltage applied
controlled
The factor that makes semiconductors valuable in electronic circuits is that their conductivity can be readily ____
controlled
The purpose of a rectifier is to ____
convert AC into DC
The conductor commonly used to print circuits on a printed circuit board is ____
copper
____ is the most widely used conductor because it has excellent conductivity and is much less expensive than precious metals such as gold and silver
copper
A PN junction solid-state device is more commonly known as a ____
diode
A ____ is made by joining a piece of P-type material with a piece of N-type material
diode
Semiconductors can be made to have positive or negative characteristics by adding certain impurities in a process known as ____
doping
The process of giving off light by applying an electrical source of energy is called ____
electroluminescence
Field-effect transistors (FETs) control the ____ of current with an electric field
flow
Heat, light, and pressure are also used to control current ____ in semiconductors
flow
If a voltage of the correct polarity is applied, current will flow. This is known as ____ bias
forward
A bridge rectifier contains ____ diodes, two of which conduct on each half-cycle
four
The SCR is made from ____ adjoining layers of semiconductor material in a PNPN arrangement
four
The atoms of insulating materials are characterized by having more than ____ valence electrons in their atomic structures
four
The two most widely used semiconductor materials are silicon and ____
germanium
In a half-wave rectifier, the single diode conducts current only when the AC applied to its anode is on its positive ____
half-cycle
An integrated circuit (IC) is a ____ sealed case containing a tiny wafer of semiconductor material
hermetically
A forward bias will show a low resistance; a reverse bias will show a ____ resistance
high
FET devices are used in applications requiring a ____ (non circuit-loading) input and / or lower power consumption
high-impedance
The disadvantage of silicon, is the ____ forward bias voltage required to reach operational conditions
higher
Once fired, the SCR will remain on until the cathode-to-anode current falls below a value known as the ____ current
holding
Semiconductors are materials that are neither good conductors nor good ____
insulators
MOSFETs are primarily used in ____ circuit logic devices because of their low power consumption and reasonably good switching speeds
integrated
In digital logic there are three basic elements: AND gate, OR gate, and the ____
inverter
The simplest element of digital logic is the ____
inverter
Another important feature of microprocessor controlled systems is their ability to recognize, ____, and report faults
isolate
Which of the following is a characteristic of a diac? a. It will conduct on either half of the AC waveform b. the voltage applied to the anode and gate junction must be of the same polarity c. it will continue conducting after the gating voltage is removed d. it has no breakover voltage rating
it will conduct on either half of the AC waveform
Zener diodes are designed with specific breakdown voltages that are very ____ compared with the breakdown voltage of a standard diode
low
The semiconductor makes ____ possible
microminiaturization
Some integrated circuits can be programmed to perform complex tasks such as decision-making and mathematical calculations. These are known as ____
microprocessors
They are the brains of the personal computer and are used to perform logical and analytical functions in many computerized systems ... What are these called ?
microprocessors
Electronic printed circuit boards are very reliable, and they have no ____ parts, so it is not that common for them to fail
moving
A solid-state device activated by a light is a ____ diode
photo
All energized, forward biased LEDs give off some energy in the form of ____
photons
A diode conduits current only when the voltage at its anode is ____ with respect to the voltage at its cathode
positive
A ground loop occurs when there is a difference in ground ____ at either end of a cable
potential
The major advantage of a microprocessor controlled system is its ability to provide very ____ control
precise
Most of the electronic circuits you will encounter will be mounted on ____ circuit (PC) boards
printed
The process of converting AC to DC is known as ____ and is accomplished using rectifier diodes
rectification
The most common use of silicon diodes is in constructing ____
rectifiers
As you already know, insulators are materials that ____ the passage of electrical current
resist
Electronics is a science that deals with behavior and effect of electron flow in specific substances such as ____
semiconductors
A three phase rectifier contains ____ diodes to produce high-efficiency DC power
six
Many types of motor controls that were once operated either magnetically or mechanically have been replaced with ____ electronic devices
solid-state
Before replacing an electronic printed circuit board, first verify that the printed circuit board or module is receiving the necessary ____ voltages and control signals, and that they are at the proper levels
supply
A transistor is made by joining ____ layers of semiconductor material
three
Silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs), along with diacs and triacs, belong to a class of semiconductors known as ____
thyristors
An opto-isolator is a semiconductor device that uses an optical transmission path to ____ a signal between one circuit element and another
transfer
Regardless of the type of solid-state device being used, it is made by the joining of P-type and N-type materials to form either a NPN or PNP ____
transistor
Integrated circuits are sometimes classified by the number of ____ or other electronic components contained within them
transistors
One major use of the diac is as a control for a ____
triac
T or F: Gold and silver are excellent conductors
true
T or F: In general there are two basic types of diodes: silicon and germanium diode. The silicon diodes have higher PIV and current ratings and wider temperature ranges than germanium diodes
true
T or F: The ability of an SCR to turn on at different points in the conducting cycle can be used to vary the amount of power delivered to a load
true
T or F: The bridge rectifier provides a smoother DC output and is the type most commonly used in electronic circuits
true
T or F: The triac can be viewed as two SCRs turned in opposite directions with a common gate
true
T or F: There are two basic types of FETs: junction field-effect and metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors
true
T or F: Using ESD grounding wrist wraps is the most common grounding method, especially for field work
true
A PNP transistor is formed by placing N-type germanium between ____ slices of P-type germanium
two
Conductors are materials that have only one or ____ valence electrons in their atoms
two
The AND gate has ____ inputs so there is a possible combination of four states
two
A triac can be viewed as ____ turned in opposite directions with a common gate
two SCRs
A light-emitting diode (LED) is, as the name implies, a diode that will give off ____ light when it is energized
visible
Electronics can be distinguished from electricity by thinking in terms of the ____ and currents used
voltages