Module 2 - Electronic Components (Question Sheet)

One characteristic of SCRs is that they act as an ____ circuit until a triggering current is applied to their gate

open

The ambient temperature rating is the range of temperatures over which the diode will ____ and still maintain its basic characteristics

operate

An analog circuit building block with very high input impedance, low output impedance, and very high gain is a(n) ____

operational amplifier

They are usually packaged as one, two, or four individual amplifiers within an IC ... What is this device called?

operational amplifier

They have very high input impedance, a low output impedance, and very high gain ... What is this device called?

operational amplifier

The NOR gate is an OR gate with an inverter on its ____

output

When the voltage at the anode is negative with respect to the cathode (reverse bias), current will not flow unless the voltage is so high that is ____ the diode

overwhelms

Current does ____ normally flow across a PN junction

not

When in doubt, the polarity of a diode may be checked with an ____

ohmmeter

The AND gate is a device whose output is a logic ____ if both of its inputs are a logic 1

1

The OR gate is a device whose output is a logic 1 if either or both of its inputs are ____

1

PIV ratings for silicon can be in the neighborhood of ____V, whereas the maximum value for germanium is closer to 400V

1,000

When used in a circuit, an LED is generally operated at about ____ or less

20mA

Electronic circuits commonly use DC voltages of ____ or less

24V

Which of the following can be added as an impurity to a semiconductor material to create an N-type semiconductor? a. Arsenic b. Germanium c. Gallium d. Indium

Arsenic

AC voltages are used in many electrical circuits. In electronic circuits, low-level ____ voltages such as 5V, 10V, 15V, and 24V are used

DC

The term thyristor includes which of the following groups of components? a. Transistors, FETs, and SCRs b. Diacs, triacs, and SCRs c. Diodes, diacs, and SCRs d. Diacs, triacs, and op amps

Diacs, triacs, and SCRs

As the name implies, a ____ gate is an AND gate with an inverter on its output

NAND

The inverter, also known as the ____ function, produces an output that is always opposite of the input

NOT

By sandwiching a very thin piece of P-type germanium between two slices of N-type germanium, a ____ transistor is formed

NPN

What are the two basic types of transistors?

NPN and PNP

A logic device that produces a logic zero only if both of its inputs are logic zeros is a(n) ____

OR gate

What are the two materials normally used to construct transistors?

P and N materials

A half-wave rectifier is constructed of ____ diode(s)

one

Diodes allow current to flow in ____ direction but not in the other

one

An atom with five or more valence electrons is ____

an insulator

Like SCRs, triacs are used in phase control applications to control the ____ power applied to loads

average

When replacing an IC it is important to know the proper orientation because it is possible to install them ____

backwards

Most electrostatic discharge occurs at voltages ____ the range of human sensitivity

below

The peak inverse voltage (PIV) is the reverse bias at which ____ occurs

breakover

Conductors are so called because they readily ____ electrical current

carry

Note that in some cases diodes are marked with the schematic symbol, or there may be a band at one end to indicate the ____

cathode

Like a common diode, current will only flow through the SCR in ____ direction

one

Voltage applied across the triac does not have to exceed a breakover voltage in order for ____ to begin

conduction

Static charges cannot penetrate containers that are made of ____ materials

conductive

Semiconductors are materials in which the capacity to conduct electricity can be ____ by varying the voltage applied

controlled

The factor that makes semiconductors valuable in electronic circuits is that their conductivity can be readily ____

controlled

The purpose of a rectifier is to ____

convert AC into DC

The conductor commonly used to print circuits on a printed circuit board is ____

copper

____ is the most widely used conductor because it has excellent conductivity and is much less expensive than precious metals such as gold and silver

copper

A PN junction solid-state device is more commonly known as a ____

diode

A ____ is made by joining a piece of P-type material with a piece of N-type material

diode

Semiconductors can be made to have positive or negative characteristics by adding certain impurities in a process known as ____

doping

The process of giving off light by applying an electrical source of energy is called ____

electroluminescence

Field-effect transistors (FETs) control the ____ of current with an electric field

flow

Heat, light, and pressure are also used to control current ____ in semiconductors

flow

If a voltage of the correct polarity is applied, current will flow. This is known as ____ bias

forward

A bridge rectifier contains ____ diodes, two of which conduct on each half-cycle

four

The SCR is made from ____ adjoining layers of semiconductor material in a PNPN arrangement

four

The atoms of insulating materials are characterized by having more than ____ valence electrons in their atomic structures

four

The two most widely used semiconductor materials are silicon and ____

germanium

In a half-wave rectifier, the single diode conducts current only when the AC applied to its anode is on its positive ____

half-cycle

An integrated circuit (IC) is a ____ sealed case containing a tiny wafer of semiconductor material

hermetically

A forward bias will show a low resistance; a reverse bias will show a ____ resistance

high

FET devices are used in applications requiring a ____ (non circuit-loading) input and / or lower power consumption

high-impedance

The disadvantage of silicon, is the ____ forward bias voltage required to reach operational conditions

higher

Once fired, the SCR will remain on until the cathode-to-anode current falls below a value known as the ____ current

holding

Semiconductors are materials that are neither good conductors nor good ____

insulators

MOSFETs are primarily used in ____ circuit logic devices because of their low power consumption and reasonably good switching speeds

integrated

In digital logic there are three basic elements: AND gate, OR gate, and the ____

inverter

The simplest element of digital logic is the ____

inverter

Another important feature of microprocessor controlled systems is their ability to recognize, ____, and report faults

isolate

Which of the following is a characteristic of a diac? a. It will conduct on either half of the AC waveform b. the voltage applied to the anode and gate junction must be of the same polarity c. it will continue conducting after the gating voltage is removed d. it has no breakover voltage rating

it will conduct on either half of the AC waveform

Zener diodes are designed with specific breakdown voltages that are very ____ compared with the breakdown voltage of a standard diode

low

The semiconductor makes ____ possible

microminiaturization

Some integrated circuits can be programmed to perform complex tasks such as decision-making and mathematical calculations. These are known as ____

microprocessors

They are the brains of the personal computer and are used to perform logical and analytical functions in many computerized systems ... What are these called ?

microprocessors

Electronic printed circuit boards are very reliable, and they have no ____ parts, so it is not that common for them to fail

moving

A solid-state device activated by a light is a ____ diode

photo

All energized, forward biased LEDs give off some energy in the form of ____

photons

A diode conduits current only when the voltage at its anode is ____ with respect to the voltage at its cathode

positive

A ground loop occurs when there is a difference in ground ____ at either end of a cable

potential

The major advantage of a microprocessor controlled system is its ability to provide very ____ control

precise

Most of the electronic circuits you will encounter will be mounted on ____ circuit (PC) boards

printed

The process of converting AC to DC is known as ____ and is accomplished using rectifier diodes

rectification

The most common use of silicon diodes is in constructing ____

rectifiers

As you already know, insulators are materials that ____ the passage of electrical current

resist

Electronics is a science that deals with behavior and effect of electron flow in specific substances such as ____

semiconductors

A three phase rectifier contains ____ diodes to produce high-efficiency DC power

six

Many types of motor controls that were once operated either magnetically or mechanically have been replaced with ____ electronic devices

solid-state

Before replacing an electronic printed circuit board, first verify that the printed circuit board or module is receiving the necessary ____ voltages and control signals, and that they are at the proper levels

supply

A transistor is made by joining ____ layers of semiconductor material

three

Silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs), along with diacs and triacs, belong to a class of semiconductors known as ____

thyristors

An opto-isolator is a semiconductor device that uses an optical transmission path to ____ a signal between one circuit element and another

transfer

Regardless of the type of solid-state device being used, it is made by the joining of P-type and N-type materials to form either a NPN or PNP ____

transistor

Integrated circuits are sometimes classified by the number of ____ or other electronic components contained within them

transistors

One major use of the diac is as a control for a ____

triac

T or F: Gold and silver are excellent conductors

true

T or F: In general there are two basic types of diodes: silicon and germanium diode. The silicon diodes have higher PIV and current ratings and wider temperature ranges than germanium diodes

true

T or F: The ability of an SCR to turn on at different points in the conducting cycle can be used to vary the amount of power delivered to a load

true

T or F: The bridge rectifier provides a smoother DC output and is the type most commonly used in electronic circuits

true

T or F: The triac can be viewed as two SCRs turned in opposite directions with a common gate

true

T or F: There are two basic types of FETs: junction field-effect and metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors

true

T or F: Using ESD grounding wrist wraps is the most common grounding method, especially for field work

true

A PNP transistor is formed by placing N-type germanium between ____ slices of P-type germanium

two

Conductors are materials that have only one or ____ valence electrons in their atoms

two

The AND gate has ____ inputs so there is a possible combination of four states

two

A triac can be viewed as ____ turned in opposite directions with a common gate

two SCRs

A light-emitting diode (LED) is, as the name implies, a diode that will give off ____ light when it is energized

visible

Electronics can be distinguished from electricity by thinking in terms of the ____ and currents used

voltages