Module 2 exam

ATP and NADPH are both used during the Calvin cycle. What is the function of each?

ATP supplies energy and NADPH supplies electrons for reducing power. suc

before entering the citric acid cycle, pyruvate is converted to

Acetyl CoA

the product of the preparatory reaction is

Acetyl CoA

the part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site

which of these words should be classified separately from the others

active transport

which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis

algae

in C4 plants, chloroplasts are located in

both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.

Two ATP are invested in glycolysis in order to __________.

break glucose into two molecules

During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look shriveled. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypertonic

where in the cell are both NAD+ and FAD reduced to form NADH and FADH2

mitochondrial matrix

The localization of the electron transport chains to the thylakoid membrane ensures that

the energy released can be used to establish an H+ ion gradient.

As a result of glycolysis there is a net gain of ________ ATPs.

two

A poison that disrupts the H+ gradient in the thylakoid space would most likely cause which of the following to accumulate during the Calvin cycle reactions?

3-phosphoglycerate (3PG)

the number of ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration from one glucose molecule is usually

36-38

The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to make

ATP

Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?

Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water.

which of the following is a disadvantage of C4 photosynthesis relative to C3 photosynthesis

C4 plants need energy to move fixed carbon compounds into bundle sheath cells

the three stages of the calvin cycle reactions are

CO2 fixation, CO2 reduction, and RuBP regeneration.

which of the following statements correctly describes an energy transformation in living organisms

Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules.

which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics

Energy can be neither created nor destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another.

which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics

Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy

how does ATP synthase obtain the energy to produce ATP

Hydrogen ions flow down a concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma through ATP synthase, releasing energy that can be used to produce ATP from ADP + Pi.

in C4 plants, the light reactions will stop during the daytime when the supply of what compound is limited

NADP+

the ____ from the light reactions is used to reduce CO2 to a carbohydrate using energy derived from ____

NADPH and ATP

in cellular respiration, the majority of ATP are produced during ____

electron transport chain the n

which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction

The breakdown of ATP generally releases more energy (and heat) than is needed to power the metabolic reaction.

When a potted house plant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be accounted for by which of the following statements:

The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water.

which steps of photosynthesis does C4 photosynthesis partition in space

carbon fixation and Calvin cycle reactions

As climate change leads to drier and drier summers in the southeastern United States, more and more homeowners find that they have crabgrass growing in their yards. The reason for this is that

crabgrass is a type of C4 plant that does well in dry climates.

which of the following is a passive process

diffusion

which of the following terms best describes entropy

disorder

the products of fermentation depend on the type of organism carrying out the process. What do yeast produce during fermentation

ethyl alcohol and CO2

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

feedback inhibition

which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity

feedback inhibition

the calvin cycle produces

glucose

Sucrose, cellulose, amino acids, and starch are all made from what starter molecule in plants?

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after completing electron transport but prior to chemiosmosis, you would find the pH of a mitochondrion to be at its lowest

intermembrane space

In animals, lactate forms from fermentation. Lactate ________.

is transported to the liver where it is reconverted to pyruvate

fermentation occurs if

oxygen is not present

a white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell. this process is called

phagocytosis

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?

presence of a cell wall

which of the following methods of transport uses a coated pit to take in a specific type of molecule

receptor-mediated endocytosis

grana are

stacks of thylakoids

the energy source that drives the production of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation is the _____

the diffusion of hydrogen protons down their electrochemical gradient