Module 2 exam
ATP and NADPH are both used during the Calvin cycle. What is the function of each?
ATP supplies energy and NADPH supplies electrons for reducing power. suc
before entering the citric acid cycle, pyruvate is converted to
Acetyl CoA
the product of the preparatory reaction is
Acetyl CoA
the part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the
active site
which of these words should be classified separately from the others
active transport
which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis
algae
in C4 plants, chloroplasts are located in
both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
Two ATP are invested in glycolysis in order to __________.
break glucose into two molecules
During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look shriveled. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?
hypertonic
where in the cell are both NAD+ and FAD reduced to form NADH and FADH2
mitochondrial matrix
The localization of the electron transport chains to the thylakoid membrane ensures that
the energy released can be used to establish an H+ ion gradient.
As a result of glycolysis there is a net gain of ________ ATPs.
two
A poison that disrupts the H+ gradient in the thylakoid space would most likely cause which of the following to accumulate during the Calvin cycle reactions?
3-phosphoglycerate (3PG)
the number of ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration from one glucose molecule is usually
36-38
The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to make
ATP
Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?
Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water.
which of the following is a disadvantage of C4 photosynthesis relative to C3 photosynthesis
C4 plants need energy to move fixed carbon compounds into bundle sheath cells
the three stages of the calvin cycle reactions are
CO2 fixation, CO2 reduction, and RuBP regeneration.
which of the following statements correctly describes an energy transformation in living organisms
Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules.
which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics
Energy can be neither created nor destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another.
which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy
how does ATP synthase obtain the energy to produce ATP
Hydrogen ions flow down a concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma through ATP synthase, releasing energy that can be used to produce ATP from ADP + Pi.
in C4 plants, the light reactions will stop during the daytime when the supply of what compound is limited
NADP+
the ____ from the light reactions is used to reduce CO2 to a carbohydrate using energy derived from ____
NADPH and ATP
in cellular respiration, the majority of ATP are produced during ____
electron transport chain the n
which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction
The breakdown of ATP generally releases more energy (and heat) than is needed to power the metabolic reaction.
When a potted house plant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be accounted for by which of the following statements:
The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water.
which steps of photosynthesis does C4 photosynthesis partition in space
carbon fixation and Calvin cycle reactions
As climate change leads to drier and drier summers in the southeastern United States, more and more homeowners find that they have crabgrass growing in their yards. The reason for this is that
crabgrass is a type of C4 plant that does well in dry climates.
which of the following is a passive process
diffusion
which of the following terms best describes entropy
disorder
the products of fermentation depend on the type of organism carrying out the process. What do yeast produce during fermentation
ethyl alcohol and CO2
What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?
feedback inhibition
which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity
feedback inhibition
the calvin cycle produces
glucose
Sucrose, cellulose, amino acids, and starch are all made from what starter molecule in plants?
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)
If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after completing electron transport but prior to chemiosmosis, you would find the pH of a mitochondrion to be at its lowest
intermembrane space
In animals, lactate forms from fermentation. Lactate ________.
is transported to the liver where it is reconverted to pyruvate
fermentation occurs if
oxygen is not present
a white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell. this process is called
phagocytosis
What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?
presence of a cell wall
which of the following methods of transport uses a coated pit to take in a specific type of molecule
receptor-mediated endocytosis
grana are
stacks of thylakoids
the energy source that drives the production of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation is the _____
the diffusion of hydrogen protons down their electrochemical gradient