module 23

Why did African attempts to resist European imperialism almost always fail? Give one example.

because multiple nations were just picking at africa portion by portion,

Why did few Africans buy European manufactured goods?

because they believed the europeans would be using there wealth to justify taking over there land

Crimean War

(1853-1856) Russian war against Ottomans for control of the Black Sea; intervention by Britain and France cause Russia to lose; Russians realize need to industiralize.

Paternalism

(n.) the policy or practice of treating or governing people in the manner of a father dealing with his children

Shaka

A Zulu chief in Southern Africa who used soldiers and good military organization to create a large centralized state.

Berline Conference

A conference that regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Suez Canal

A ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea

How was Afghanistan part of a geopolitical struggle between Russia and Great Britain?

Afghanistan was an independent Muslim country. After decades of fighting, Great Britain finally withdrew from Afghanistan in 1881. In 1921, Britain formally agreed that its empire would not extend beyond the Khyber Pass, which borders Afghanistan. The newly formed Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact with Afghanistan. That agreement was honored until 1979, when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan.

Racism

Belief that one race is superior to another

Raj

British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria

Which type of colonial management method, direct or indirect control, followed the theory of Social Darwinism more closely? How?

Direct control followed the theory of Social Darwinism. Some European countries viewed Africans as unable to handle the complex business of running a country. The Europeans developed a a policy called paternalism. Using this, they could govern people in a parental way by providing for their needs but not giving them rights.

Spanish-American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

What economic, political, and social conditions encouraged the growth of imperialism in Africa and Asia

In Africa and Asia parts where imperialism was being spread was that they has politically unstable countries, were economically depriviliged, and the social conditions were not good.

what role did imperialism play in shaping the modern world?

It shaped the modern world in many ways but one is that it turned africa from a wealthy source to a poor area because of all of the fighting over its land.

King Mongkut

King who helped Siam modernize

Boer War

Lasting from 1899 to 1902, Dutch colonists and the British competed for control of territory in South Africa.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.

Annexation

Legally adding land area to a city in the United States

How did Muhammad Ali take control of Egypt and institute reforms?

Muhammad Ali attempted to modernize Egypt by instituting dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres. He also initiated a violent purge of the Mamluks, consolidating his rule and permanently ending the Mamluk hold over Egypt.

How could better management by the British have prevented the Sepoy Mutiny?

The Indians could not unite against the British due to weak leadership and separation between the Hindus and Muslims.

Social Darwinism

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.

Sepoy Rebellion

The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.

Which positive effect of colonial rule in Africa was the most significant? Why?

The rise of education. because then the youth would not grow up uneducated like most african slaves

How was the social structure in Indonesia organized under Dutch colonial rule?

They moved to Indonesia and created a rigid social class system there. The Dutch were on top, wealthy and educated Indonesians came next, and plantation workers were at the bottom. The Dutch also forced farmers to plant one-fifth of their land in specific crops.

Roosevely Corollary

This stated that in future cases of debt problems (of Latin America), the U.S. would take over and pay off the debts, thus keeping the Europeans on the other side of the Atlantic.

What positive and negative impact did inventions such as the railroad and the steamship have on the land and people conquered by the imperialists?

a positive is that it enabled much quicker transportation of people and of the goods so the economy started to rise.

Sepoy Mutiny

an 1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India

Monroe Doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Pacific Rim

an economic and social region including the country's surrounding the pacific ocean

pannama canal

canal in panama

Menekik II

emperor of ethiopia

What was the impact of Belgium's King Leopold taking control of the Congo? List 3 effects.

he exploited african americans, gained control of other lands ,promoted christianity

Assimilation

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

How did the US follow the pattern of other imperial powers in its control of the Philippines? Give 2 examples.

it gained the philippines as a result of war, they colonized it by modernizing it

How did technological improvements allow for increased exports of Latin American agricultural products in the 19th century?

it made everything much faster and easier to produce out causing more people to buy there items.

Jose Marti

led the fight for Cuba's independence from Spain from 1895 through the Spanish-American War

Caudillo

military dictator in Latin America

Queen Litiuokalani

queen of hawaii

Geopolitics

study of government and its policies as affected by physical geography

Jewel in the Crown

the British colony of India--- so called because of its importance in the British empire, both as a supplier of raw materials and as a market for British trade goods

How did European imperialists employ the theory of Social Darwinism?

they used it to rationalize there aggressive imperialistic behaviour

How did British policy in India fulfill the economic argument for establishing colonies? Provide 2 examples.

they were able to put in a railroad that enabled india to have a modern economy ,as well as create telephone lines that proved to unite the colony