Module 25. Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Improving Memory

When they are retrieved, memories are often altered before they are stored again. This process is called:

reconsolidation

After being verbally threatened by a person in a passing car, Samantha was asked if she recognized the man who was driving the car. Several hours later, Samantha mistakenly recalled that the driver was male rather than female. Samantha's experience BEST illustrates the _____ effect.

misinformation

When bits of information do not compete with each other and actually facilitate memory, it is called:

positive transfer.

After studying biology all afternoon, Marcus is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material he memorized that morning. Marcus' difficulty BEST illustrates _____ interference.

retroactive

With respect to amnesia, antero- is to retro- as _____ is to ______.

after; before

Sheldon met a woman in the library and immediately thought he knew her. He asked, "Have I met you before?" She replied, "No." She walked away assuming he was trying to ask her out. This could have been an example of _____.

déjà vu

If you ask your classmates to draw either side of a U.S. penny from memory, the majority will not be very accurate. This MOST likely reflects a failure in the memory process of _____.

encoding

If you ask your classmates to draw either side of a U.S. penny from memory, the majority will not be very accurate. This MOST likely reflects a failure in the memory process of:

encoding

Dana is suffering from _____ when she fails to remember events preceding traumatic brain injury.

retrograde amnesia

The controversy regarding claims of repressed and recovered memories is BEST described as involving:

whether "repressed" memories of childhood abuse that are "recovered" using hypnosis, guided imagery, or other highly suggestive techniques are false memories or memories of actual experiences.