Module 3 CISCO

An IP address contains what two parts?

1. Network portion (IPv4) or Prefix (IPv6) 2. Host portion (IPv4) or Interface ID (IPv6) -

Provides dynamic address mapping between an IPv4 address and a hardware address.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

ASRG

Anti-Spam Research Group

A short-lived proprietary protocol suite released by Apple Inc in 1985 for Apple devices. In 1995, Apple adopted TCP/IP to replace this.

AppleTalk

Represents data to the user, plus encoding and dialog control. (TCP/IP)

Application

These are part of what layer? DNS, DHCPv4, DCHPv6, SLAAC, SMTP, POP3, IMAP, FTP, SFTP, TFTP, HTTP, HTTPS, REST

Application

An open standard exterior gateway routing protocol used between Internet Service Providers (ISPs). It is also commonly used between ISPs and their large private clients to exchange routing information.

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

CFRG

Crypto Forum Research Group

Which two protocols are service discovery protocols? -DNS -TCP -SSH -DHCP

DNS & DHCP

Which two protocols belong in the TCP/IP model application layer? - EIGRP - DNS - OSPF - ICMP - DHCP

DNS, DHCP

Responsible for delivering the data link frame from one network interface card (NIC) to another NIC on the same network.

Data link layer source and destination addresses

Translates names such as cisco.com into IP addresses.

Domain name system (DNS)

An open standard routing protocol developed by Cisco that uses a composite metric based on bandwidth, delay, load and reliability.

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

This protocol is responsible for the delivery of messages from one NIC to another NIC on the same LAN.

Ethernet

Which protocol operates at the network access layer of the TCP/IP model? - HTTP - IP - DNS - Ethernet

Ethernet

The remaining part of the address that identifies a specific device on the network. This portion is unique for each device or interface on the network.

Host portion (IPv4) or Interface ID (IPv6)

This protocol governs the way a web server and a web client interact. It defines the content and formatting of the requests and responses that are exchanged between the client and server. Both the client and the web server software implement this as part of the application. It relies on other protocols to govern how the messages are transported between the client and server.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A set of rules for exchanging text, graphic images, sound, video and other multimedia files on the World Wide Web.

Hypertext transfer protocol (http)

This standards organization is responsible for IP address allocation and domain name management. - internet society (ISOC) - internet engineering task force (IETF) - internet architecture board (IAB) - internet assigned numbers authority (IANA)

IANA

Includes four protocol messages that are used for address resolution and duplicate address detection.

ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery (ICMPv6 ND)

Which of the following are protocols that provide feedback from the destination host to the source host regarding errors in packet delivery? (Choose two.) - IPv4 - TCP - ICMPv4 - IPv6 - UDP - ICMPv6

ICMPv6, ICMPv4

This standards organization is concerned with the Request for Comments (RFC) documents that specify new protocols and update existing ones. - internet society (ISOC) - internet engineering task force (IETF) - internet architecture board (IAB) - internet research task force (IRTF)

IETF

A device receives a data link frame with data and processes and removes the Ethernet information. What information would be the next to be processed by the receiving device? - HTTP at the application layer - HTML at the application layer - IP at the internet layer - UDP at the internet layer - TCP at the transport layer

IP at the internet layer

Receives message segments from the transport layer, packages messages into packets, and addresses packets for end-to-end delivery over a network.

IPv4

Similar to IPv4 but uses a 128-bit address.

IPv6

This organization is dedicated to advancing technological innovation and creating standards in a wide area of industries including power and energy, healthcare, telecommunications, and networking. Important networking standards include 802.3 Ethernet and 802.11 WLAN standard.

Institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE)

One of the largest and oldest communication standards organizations. This defines the standards for video compression, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), and broadband communications, such as a digital subscriber line (DSL).

International telecommunications union-telecommunication standardization sector (ITU-T)

Determines the best path through the network. (TCP/IP)

Internet

Responsible for overseeing and managing IP address allocation, domain name management, and protocol identifiers for ICANN.

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

Provides feedback from a destination host to a source host about errors in packet delivery.

Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv4 (ICMPv4)

Based in the United States, this coordinates IP address allocation, the management of domain names, and assignment of other information used in TCP/IP protocols.

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

This is the most common and relevant protocol suite used today. This protocol suite is an open standard protocol suite maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

Internet Protocol Suite or TCP/IP

Responsible for the overall management and development of internet standards.

Internet architecture board (IAB)

Develops, updates, and maintains internet and TCP/IP technologies. This includes the process and documents for developing new protocols and updating existing protocols, which are known as Request for Comments (RFC) documents.

Internet engineering task force (IETF)

These are part of what layer? IPv4, IPv6, NAT, ICMPv4, ICMPv6, ICMPv6 ND, OSPF, EIGRP, BGP

Internet layer

Enables clients to access email stored on a mail server as well as maintaining email on the server.

Internet message access protocol (IMAP)

This protocol is responsible for delivering messages from the sender to the receiver. It is used by routers to forward the messages across multiple networks.

Internet protocol (IP)

Focused on long-term research related to internet and TCP/IP protocols.

Internet research task force (IRTF)

Responsible for promoting the open development and evolution of the internet use throughout the world.

Internet society (ISOC)

These are part of what layer? ARP, Ethernet, WLAN

Network access layer

Responsible for delivering the IP packet from the original source to the final destination, which may be on the same network or a remote network.

Network layer source and destination addresses

The left-most part of the address that indicates the network in which the IP address is a member. All devices on the same network will have the same network portion of the address.

Network portion (IPv4) or Prefix (IPv6)

A short-lived proprietary protocol suite and network operating system developed by Novell Inc. in 1983 using IPX network protocol. In 1995, it adopted TCP/IP to replace IPX.

Novell Netware

What model layer is this? Physical, Data link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, & Application

OSI Model Layer

Link-state routing protocol that uses a hierarchical design based on areas. It is an open standard interior routing protocol.

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

This is a family of protocols developed jointly in 1977 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). This protocol also included a seven-layer model. The model categorizes the functions of its protocols. It's mainly known for its layered model. This protocol has largely been replaced by TCP/IP.

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocols

P2PRG

Peer-to-Peer Research Group

Enables clients to retrieve email from a mail server and download the email to the client's local mail application.

Post office protocol version 3 (POP3)

A web service that uses application programming interfaces (APIs) and HTTP requests to create web applications.

Representational state transfer (REST)

This can be used to establish a secure file transfer session in which the file transfer is encrypted.

SSH file transfer protocol (SFTP) - Extension SSH.

Enables clients to send email to a mail server and enables servers to send email to other servers.

Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)

A method that allows a device to obtain IPv6 addressing information without using a DHCPv6 server.

Stateless address autoconfiguration (SLACC)

This protocol is responsible for guaranteeing the reliable delivery of information. -TCP -IP -HTTP -Ethernet

TCP

What model layer is this? Network access, internet, transport, & application

TCP/IP Model layer

Organization responsible for developing communication standards in a variety of areas including radio equipment, cellular towers, Voice over IP (VoIP) devices, satellite communications, and more.

Telecommunications industry association (TIA)

This protocol manages the individual conversations. This is responsible for guaranteeing the reliable delivery of the information and managing flow control between the end devices.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

These are part of what layer? TCP, UDP

Transport layer

A simple, connectionless file transfer protocol with best-effort, unacknowledged file delivery. It uses less overhead than FTP.

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)

True or false. Standards organizations are usually vendor-neutral.

True

Defines the rules for wireless signaling across the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz radio frequencies.

WLAN

The _________________________ layer contains protocols used for process-to-process communications.

application

This function contains information used for process-to-process communications between network applications. For example, when accessing a web page, HTTP or HTTPS protocols are used to communicate between the client and server web processes.

application interface

The term for the physical layer PDU used when physically transmitting data over the medium.

bits

The general term for the PDU used at the application layer.

data

The _________________________ layer protocols describe methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common media

data link

____________________________ is the process used by a receiving device to remove one or more of the protocol headers.

de-encapsulation

Organization is best known for its standards relating to electrical wiring, connectors, and the 19-inch racks used to mount networking equipment.

electronic industries alliance (EIA)

What types of standards are developed by the Electronics Industries Alliance (EIA)? - electronic wiring and connectors - radio equipment and cell towers - video compression and broadband communications - Voice over IP (VoIP) and satellite communications

electronic wiring and connectors

When messages are being sent on a network, the __________________________ process works from top to bottom. At each layer, the upper layer information is considered data within the encapsulated protocol.

encapsulation

This function is used to determine if data became corrupted during transmission. EX: Ethernet, IPv4, IPv6, and TCP provide this protocol

error detection

Defines the rules for wiring and signaling standards of the network access layer.

ethernet

On an Ethernet network, the data link addresses are known as ______________________________.

ethernet media access control (MAC) address

FTP

file transfer protocol

The term for data link layer PDU.

frame

The two primary benefits of segmenting messages?

increases speed & efficiency

MAC

media access control

All communication methods have three elements in common:

message source (sender), message destination (receiver), and channel

The _____________________ layer provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices.

network

Controls the hardware devices and media that make up the network. (TCP/IP)

network access

There are no TCP/IP protocols in the ____________________________ layer.

network access

Translates IPv4 addresses from a private network into globally unique public IPv4 address.

network address translation (NAT)

This is a protocol freely available to the public and can be used by any vendor on their hardware or in their software.

open standard protocol suite

The term for network layer PDU.

packet

The __________________ layer protocols describe the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to activate, maintain, and de-activate physical connections for a bit transmission to and from a network device.

physical

The _________________________ layer provides for common representation of the data transferred between application layer services.

presentation

The form that a piece of data takes at any layer is called a __________________________.

protocol data unit (PDU)

A __________________ is a group of inter related protocols necessary to perform a communication function.

protocol suite

Which services are provided by the internet layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite? (Choose three.) - file transfer - address resolution - routing protocols - messaging - ethernet - internet protocol

routing protocols, messaging, internet protocol

The term for transport layer PDU.

segment

If the transport header is TCP, then it is a ____________________. If the transport header is a UDP then it is a _________________.

segment, datagram

_________________________ the process of dividing a stream of data into smaller units for transmissions over the network.

segmentation

The ___________________ layer provides services to the presentation layer to organize its dialogue and to manage data exchange.

session

This is a protocol that has been endorsed by the networking industry and approved by a standards organization. This ensures that products from different manufacturers can interoperate successfully.

standards-based protocol suite

The __________________________ (IPv4) or ______________________(IPv6) is used to identify the network portion of an IP address from the host portion.

subnet mask, prefix-length

This enables reliable communication between processes running on separate hosts and provides reliable, acknowledged transmissions that confirm successful delivery.

transmission control protocol (TCP)

Supports communication between various devices across diverse networks. (TCP/IP)

transport

The ________________ layer defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications between the end devices.

transport

UDP and TCP belong to which layer of the TCP/IP protocol? - application - transport - internet - network access

transport

This enables a process running on one host to send packets to a processing running on another host. It does not confirm successful datagram transmission.

user datagram protocol (UDP)