Module (34-35) Neo and PEDS
After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within: Select one: A. 2 seconds. B. 4 seconds. C. 3 seconds. D. 5 seconds.
A. 2 seconds
Which of the following an appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20-kg child? Select one: A. 20 g B. 12.5 g C. 25 g D. 50 g
A. 20g
The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ______ breaths/min. Select one: A. 60 B. 50 C. 80 D. 70
A. 60
Upon delivery of an infant's head, you note that the umbilical cord is wrapped around its neck. You should: Select one: A. attempt to slip the cord gently over the infant's head. B. provide free-flow oxygen to the infant and transport. C. give high-flow oxygen to the mother and transport. D. immediately clamp and cut the umbilical cord.
A. Attempt to slip the cord gently over the infant's head
Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of: Select one: A. bleeding in the brain. B. intra-abdominal hemorrhage. C. multiple open fractures. D. fracture of the cervical spine.
A. Bleeding in the brain
When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-valve mask, the EMT should: Select one: A. block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise. B. use a neonatal device for children younger than 12 months. C. ventilate the child with sharp, quick breaths at the appropriate rate. D. squeeze the bag 40 times/min when ventilating an infant.
A. Block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise
Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is correct? Select one: A. Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries. B. Inexperience and poor judgment are rare causes of pediatric trauma. C. A child's head is less frequently injured than an adult's. D. Children are less likely than adults to be struck by a car.
A. Children are more likely to experience diving related injuries
Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. cyanosis. B. retractions. C. tachypnea. D. abnormal airway noise.
A. Cyanosis
A common cause of shock in an infant is: Select one: A. dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea. B. cardiovascular disease. C. a cardiac dysrhythmia. D. excessive tachycardia.
A. Dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea
With regard to the legal implications of child abuse: Select one: A. EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse. B. a supervisor can forbid you from reporting possible abuse. C. you should document your perceptions on the run form. D. child abuse must be reported only if it can be proven.
A. EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse
An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by: Select one: A. grunting. B. retracting the intercostal muscles. C. wheezing. D. assuming a tripod position.
A. Grunting
Which of the following statements regarding gestational diabetes is correct? Select one: A. In some cases, women with gestational diabetes require insulin injections. B. The onset of gestational diabetes typically manifests with hypoglycemia. C. Diet and exercise are typically ineffective in controlling gestational diabetes. D. Gestational diabetes results in permanent diabetes mellitus after delivery.
A. In some cases, women with gestational diabetes require insulin injections
You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should: Select one: A. keep him warm and ventilate with a BVM. B. assess his skin color and give free-flow oxygen as needed. C. begin chest compressions and reassess in 30 seconds. D. clamp and cut the umbilical cord and keep him warm.
A. Keep warm and ventilate with a BVM
When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should: Select one: A. palpate the abdomen for rise and fall. B. rule out hypoxia if cyanosis is absent. C. give oxygen if the SpO2 is less than 90%. D. observe the chest for rise and fall.
A. Palpate the abdomen for rise and fall
Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include: Select one: A. positioning, ice packs, and extremity elevation. B. separating the child from his or her parents. C. heat compresses and lowering the injured extremity. D. avoiding the placement of a splint, if possible.
A. Positioning, ice packs, and extremity elevation
Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include: Select one: A. restlessness. B. decreased LOC. C. bradycardia. D. cyanosis.
A. Restlessness
Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called: Select one: A. retracting. B. accessory muscle use. C. hyperpnea. D. tenting.
A. Retracting
Which of the following is NOT generally considered an obstetrical emergency? Select one: A. Return of contractions following delivery of the baby B. More than 500 mL of blood loss before placental delivery C. Significant bleeding after delivery of the placenta D. Failure of the placenta to deliver after 30 minutes
A. Return of contractions following delivery of the baby'
A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called: Select one: A. stridor. B. wheezing. C. grunting. D. rhonchi.
A. Stridor
The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children: Select one: A. vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight. B. usually present within the first 10 minutes of ingestion. C. are typically consistent among all age and weight groups. D. are most severe if the child ingested a poisonous substance.
A. Vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight
Which of the following signs or symptoms would MOST likely cause the EMT to mistake a head injury for an abdominal injury in a child? Select one: A. Vomiting B. Tachycardia C. Lethargy D. Restlessness
A. Vomiting
The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is: Select one: A. vomiting and diarrhea. B. high fever. C. refusal to drink fluids. D. internal blood loss.
A. Vomiting and diarrhea
An infant is considered to be premature if it: Select one: A. weighs less than 5 lb or is born before 36 weeks' gestation. B. is born before 38 weeks' gestation or weighs less than 6 lb. C. is born before 40 weeks' gestation or weighs less than 7 lb. D. weighs less than 5.5 lb or is born before 37 weeks' gestation.
A. Weighs less than 5lb or is born before 36 weeks' gestation
The suture of the anterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age, and the suture of the posterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age. Select one: A. 6, 12 B. 18, 6 C. 12, 4 D. 2, 4.
B. 18,6
Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years. Select one: A. 6 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
B. 3
You have just delivered a baby boy. His body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. His heart rate is approximately 110 beats/min and his respirations are rapid and irregular. He has a weak cry when stimulated and resists attempts to straighten his legs. His Apgar score is: Select one: A. 6 B. 8 C. 7 D. 9
B. 8
The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and: Select one: A. ear pain. B. a rash. C. chills. D. a headache.
B. A rash
A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by: Select one: A. normal interactiveness, awareness to time, and pink skin color. B. age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact. C. awareness to place, pink and dry skin, and consistent eye contact. D. crying or combativeness, good muscle tone, and awareness to time.
B. Age—appropriate behavior, good music tone, and good eye contact
The umbilical cord: Select one: A. contains two veins and one large umbilical artery. B. carries oxygen to the baby via the umbilical vein. C. carries blood away from the baby via the artery. D. separates from the placenta shortly after birth.
B. Carries oxygen to the baby via the umbilical vein
An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may: Select one: A. result in airway swelling. B. cause the child to vomit. C. result in a soft-tissue injury. D. depress the gag reflex.
B. Cause the child to vomit
Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. child abuse. B. hyperglycemia. C. meningitis. D. severe infection.
B. Hyperglycemia
EMTs are called for an unresponsive infant. When they arrive, they find the mother holding her child. She advises that the child became limp, blue, and stopped breathing. Assessment reveals that the infant is conscious and crying, and has good muscle tone and pink skin color. The mother states that she will take her child to the doctor. The EMTs should: Select one: A. allow the mother to take her child to the doctor, but inform her that the risk for SIDS is high. B. inform that mother that, although the event seems to have resolved, transport via EMS is advisable. C. contact law enforcement personnel and advise them that they are suspicious for child abuse. D. advise the mother that the danger has past and that she can take the child to the pediatrician.
B. Inform that mother that, although the event seems to have resolved, transport via EMS is advisable
A 2-month-old infant was found unresponsive in his crib by his mother. When you arrive, you determine that the infant is apneic and pulseless. His skin is pale and cold and his arms are stiff. You should: Select one: A. begin high-quality CPR and transport immediately. B. inform the child's mother that her son is deceased. C. request the medical examiner to perform an autopsy. D. begin high-quality CPR and request an ALS ambulance.
B. Inform the child's mother that her son is decreased
Which of the following assessment findings should concern the EMT the MOST when assessing a child who experienced a seizure? Select one: A. Tachycardia B. Neck stiffness C. High fever D. Short postictal phase
B. Neck Stiffness
After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should: Select one: A. conclude that the child is stable. B. not rule out compensated shock. C. assume the child is hypertensive. D. assess his or her respiratory effort.
B. Not rule out compensated shock
Most medical models base a pregnant woman's due date: Select one: A. on the last day of her last menstrual cycle. B. on the first day of her last menstrual cycle. C. two weeks after her last menstrual cycle. D. two weeks before her last menstrual cycle.
B. On the first day of her last menstrual cycle
A 2-year-old child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should: Select one: A. give oxygen and transport at once. B. perform abdominal thrusts. C. visualize the child's airway. D. perform a blind finger sweep.
B. Perform abdominal thrusts
Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should: Select one: A. put padding behind his or her head. B. place him or her on a firm surface. C. rule out an injury to the spinal cord. D. thoroughly suction his or her airway.
B. Place him or her on a firm surface
When administering oxygen to a frightened child, it would be MOST appropriate to: Select one: A. tightly secure the oxygen mask straps to the face. B. place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup. C. use a nasal cannula instead of a nonrebreathing mask. D. have a parent restrain the child as you give oxygen.
B. Place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup
Fetal complications associated with drug- or alcohol-addicted mothers include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. low birth weight. B. profound tachycardia. C. respiratory depression. D. premature delivery.
B. Profound tachycardia
If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may: Select one: A. push the tongue anteriorly. B. stimulate the vagus nerve. C. become obstructed by mucus. D. result in tachycardia.
B. Stimulate the vagus nerve
Which of the following statements regarding suctioning of a newborn's mouth and oropharynx is correct? Select one: A. Suctioning should be performed on all newborns immediately following delivery. B. Suctioning is indicated prior to cutting the cord if respiratory distress is present. C. Newborns rapidly expel fluid from their lungs and do not require suctioning. D. If the head delivers facedown, the mouth and nose should be suctioned at once.
B. Suctioning is indicated prior to cutting the cord if respiratory distress is present
When the mother is experiencing a contraction, you should instruct her to: Select one: A. rest and breathe deeply. B. take quick short breaths. C. push for 30 seconds. D. hold her breath.
B. TAKE QUICK SHORT BREATHS
When a child experiences a blunt chest injury: Select one: A. there is usually obvious injury to the external chest wall. B. the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking. C. the sudden force against the ribs causes them to fracture. D. the flexible rib cage protects the vital thoracic organs.
B. The flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking
Abruptio placenta occurs when: Select one: A. the placenta develops over and covers the cervical opening. B. the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall. C. a tear in the placenta causes severe internal hemorrhage. D. the placenta affixes itself to the outer layer of the uterus.
B. The placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall
Following delivery of the placenta, the mother is experiencing vaginal bleeding. After massaging the uterine fundus and allowing the mother to breastfeed, the bleeding stops. This occurred because: Select one: A. a portion of the placenta was retained in the uterus. B. these actions simulate the production of oxytocin and cause uterine contraction. C. uterine massage increases blood flow to the uterus. D. breastfeeding causes uterine blood vessels to dilate.
B. These actions simulate the production of oxytocin and cause uterine contraction
Which of the following occurs during true labor? Select one: A. The uterus becomes very soft and movable. B. Uterine contractions become more regular. C. Uterine contractions decrease in intensity. D. Uterine contractions last about 10 seconds.
B. Uterine contractions become more regular.
Which of the following represents a low normal systolic blood pressure for a 6-year-old child? Select one: A. 90 mm Hg B. 88 mm Hg C. 82 mm Hg D. 98 mm Hg
C. 82mm Hg
Spina bifida is a developmental defect in which: Select one: A. an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid damages the spinal cord. B. the spinal column is severely deformed, resulting in permanent paralysis. C. a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae. D. nerve fibers that arise from the spinal cord do not function properly.
C. A portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae
Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by: Select one: A. a rupture of the amniotic sac just before the contractions begin. B. pink or red bloody show in conjunction with the contractions. C. alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions. D. regular contractions of progressively increasing intensity.
C. Alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions
Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask? Select one: A. A responsive 6-year-old male who responds appropriately B. A semiconscious 7-year-old female with normal ventilation C. An unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations D. A conscious 4-year-old male with adequate tidal volume
C. An unresponsive 5 year old male with shallow respiration
The vagina and the neck of the uterus comprise the: Select one: A. cervix. B. fundus. C. birth canal. D. womb.
C. Birth canal
Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. profound tachycardia. B. delayed capillary refill. C. bulging fontanelles. D. dry mucous membranes.
C. Bulging fontanelles
Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature: Select one: A. of more than 2°F to 3°F per hour. B. secondary to a severe bacterial infection. C. caused by the inability of the body to cool itself. D. caused by inflammation of the spinal cord.
C. Caused by the inability of the body to cool itself
The onset of labor begins with: Select one: A. thinning of the uterus. B. increased fetal movement. C. contractions of the uterus. D. full dilation of the cervix.
C. Contractions of the uterus
When inserting an oropharyngeal airway in an infant or child, you should: Select one: A. insert it until the flange rests on the teeth. B. place padding under the child's head. C. depress the tongue with a tongue depressor. D. ensure that his or her neck is hyperextended.
C. Depress the tongue with a tongue depressor
Placenta previa is defined as: Select one: A. abnormal development and functioning of the placenta. B. premature placental separation from the uterine wall. C. development of the placenta over the cervical opening. D. delivery of a portion of the placenta before the baby.
C. Development of the placenta over the cervical opening
In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by: Select one: A. isolated tonic-clonic activity, a duration of greater than 15 minutes, and a short postictal phase. B. unresponsiveness, complete body relaxation, a fever greater than 105°F, and a short postictal phase. C. generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase. D. a blank stare, a duration of between 15 and 30 minutes, and a prolonged postictal phase.
C. Generalized tonic-clinic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase
Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she: Select one: A. is experiencing mild to moderate pain. B. has a possible closed fracture of the radius. C. has a history compatible with a serious illness. D. is breathing rapidly.
C. Has a history compatible with a serious illness
Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct? Select one: A. Because of a child's proportionately large head, they are more prone to spinal cord injuries than adults. B. Most cervical spine fractures in infants and children occur between the first and second cervical vertebrae. C. If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head. D. The majority of cervical spine injuries in children are partial transections of the spinal cord, resulting in partial paralysis.
C. If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head
Which of the following are normal physiologic changes that occur in the mother's respiratory system during pregnancy? Select one: A. Increased respiratory reserve and decreased oxygen demand B. Increased respiratory depth and decreased respiratory rate C. Increased respiratory rate and decreased respiratory reserve D. Decreased respiratory rate and increased minute volume
C. Increased respiratory rate and decreased respiratory reserve
Febrile seizures in a child: Select one: A. are usually caused by viral meningitis. B. typically last less than 30 minutes. C. may indicate a serious underlying illness. D. occur after a week of a febrile illness.
C. May indicate a serious underlying illness
A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect: Select one: A. severe dehydration. B. mild dehydration. C. moderate dehydration. D. hypovolemic shock.
C. Moderate dehydration
The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a child during bag-valve mask ventilations is to: Select one: A. monitor the pulse oximeter reading. B. observe the child's skin color. C. observe the chest for adequate rise. D. monitor the child's heart rate.
C. Observe the chest for adequate rise
Following delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should: Select one: A. report the case to the medical examiner. B. begin full resuscitation and transport. C. provide emotional support to the mother. D. dry the infant off to stimulate breathing.
C. Provide emotional support to the mother
Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS? Select one: A. Low birth weight B. Mother younger than 20 years C. Putting a baby to sleep on his or her back D. Mother smoked during pregnancy
C. Putting a baby to sleep on his or her back
When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should: Select one: A. secure the head before the torso. B. slide the device under the child. C. secure the torso before the head. D. pad underneath the child's head.
C. Secure the torso before the head
In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with: Select one: A. acute hypoxia and tachycardia. B. a sudden ventricular arrhythmia. C. severe hypoxia and bradycardia. D. irritability of the left ventricle.
C. Severe hypoxia and bradycardia
Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient? Select one: A. Change in bladder habits B. Duration of symptoms C. Sexual activity D. Past medical history
C. Sexual activity
You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. You should: Select one: A. open his airway and look in his mouth. B. begin immediate rescue breathing. C. stabilize his head and check for a pulse. D. perform a head tilt-chin lift maneuver.
C. Stabilize his head and check for a pulse
Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: Select one: A. brisk capillary refill. B. warm, dry skin. C. weak distal pulses. D. a rapid heart rate.
C. Weak distal pulses
Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. a weak cough. B. stridorous breathing. C. wheezing. D. a cough that resembles the bark of a seal.
C. Wheezing
If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lb. Select one: A. 60 B. 50 C. 70 D. 40
D. 40
A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as: Select one: A. 18 months. B. 2 months. C. 12 months. D. 6 months.
D. 6 months
Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: Select one: A. 4 years. B. 10 years. C. 8 years. D. 6 years.
D. 6 years
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Apgar score? Select one: A. Activity B. Pulse C. Grimace D. Body size
D. Body Size
The ONLY indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are: Select one: A. nuchal cord and presentation of an arm or leg. B. limb presentation and severe vaginal hemorrhage. C. vertex presentation and delivery of the placenta. D. breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord.
D. Breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord
Children with N. meningitides would MOST likely present with: Select one: A. a low-grade fever and tachycardia. B. hypothermia and an irregular pulse. C. a generalized rash with intense itching. D. cherry-red spots or a purplish rash.
D. Cherry- red spots or a purplish rash
After the fetus has descended into the pelvis at the end of the third trimester, many mothers experience: Select one: A. a bloated feeling. B. an urge to push. C. mid-back pain. D. easier breathing.
D. Easier breathing
A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should: Select one: A. place the child in a supine position and perform abdominal thrusts. B. deliver a series of five back blows and then reassess his condition. C. carefully look into his mouth and remove the object if you see it. D. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport.
D. Encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport
Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of a semiconscious infant or child, you must: Select one: A. routinely suction the mouth to remove oral secretions. B. insert a nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway adjunct. C. ensure that his or her head is in a hyperextended position. D. ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions.
D. Ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions
Which of the following groups of people is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis? Select one: A. Children with shunts B. Newborns C. Children with HIV/AIDS D. Females
D. Females
When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial or ________ pulse. Select one: A. popliteal B. radial C. carotid D. femoral
D. Femoral
A precipitous labor and delivery is MOST common in women who: Select one: A. are pregnant for the first time. B. are younger than 30 years of age. C. have gestational diabetes. D. have delivered a baby before.
D. Have delivered a baby before
All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT: Select one: A. quiet breathing. B. fear or anxiety. C. belly breathing. D. head bobbing.
D. Head bobbing
Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia include: Select one: A. dyspnea and bradycardia. B. marked hypoglycemia. C. dysuria and constipation. D. headache and edema.
D. Headache and edema
Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if: Select one: A. he or she is breathing inadequately. B. his or her respirations are shallow. C. an oral airway has been inserted. D. his or her tidal volume is adequate.
D. His or her tidal volume is adequate
Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the: Select one: A. rib cage is rigid and provides little flexibility. B. abdominal organs force the diaphragm upward. C. upper airway is smaller and easily collapsible. D. intercostal muscles are not well developed.
D. Intercostal muscles are not well developed.
In contrast to abruptio placenta, placenta previa: Select one: A. is typically associated with severe abdominal pain. B. may not present with heavy vaginal bleeding. C. is caused by hypertension or abdominal trauma. D. may present without significant abdominal pain.
D. May present without significant ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, abdominal pain
Which of the following statements regarding twins is correct? Select one: A. Identical twins are typically of different gender. B. Fraternal twins have two cords coming from one placenta. C. Twins are typically larger than single infants. D. Most twins are born within 45 minutes of each other.
D. Most twins are born within 45 minutes of each other
Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury? Select one: A. Spinal cord injury B. Seizures and hypoxia C. Loss of consciousness D. Nausea and vomiting
D. Nausea and vomiting
Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is: Select one: A. complaining of severe back pain. B. immobilized on a long backboard. C. experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. D. older than 8 to 10 years of age.
D. Older than 8 to 10 years of age
While examining a woman in labor, you see the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina. You should: Select one: A. cover the umbilical cord with a dry dressing. B. gently pull on the cord to facilitate delivery. C. carefully push the cord back into the vagina. D. push the infant's head away from the cord.
D. Push the infant's head away from the cord
Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse. Select one: A. face B. back C. buttocks D. shins
D. Shins
Which of the following statements regarding the placenta is correct? Select one: A. The placenta allows for the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the mother and fetus but prevents most medications from passing between the mother and fetus. B. The placental barrier consists of two layers of cells and allows the mother's blood that contains high concentrations of oxygen to directly mix with the blood of the fetus. C. The placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and is expelled from the vagina about 30 minutes before the baby is born. D. The placenta allows oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other products to transfer between the mother and fetus but does not allow blood to mix between the mother and fetus.
D. The placenta allows oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other products to transfer between the mother and fetus but does not allow blood to mix between the mother and fetus
Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when: Select one: A. a supine position kinks the ascending aorta. B. blood pressure decreases as a result of hypovolemia. C. the superior vena cava is compressed by the uterus. D. the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava.
D. The pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava
Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because: Select one: A. the growth plate is commonly injured. B. twisting injuries are more common in children. C. their bones are more brittle than an adult's. D. their bones bend more easily than an adult's.
D. Their bones bend more easily than an adult's
Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is correct? Select one: A. Blanching of the nares after insertion indicates correct placement. B. They are usually not well tolerated in children with a gag reflex. C. It is the recommended adjunct for children with head trauma. D. They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year.
D. They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year
During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS: Select one: A. give detailed updates to the infant's parents. B. a law enforcement officer must be present. C. discourage the family from observing. D. allow the family to observe if they wish.
D. allow the family to observe if they wish
A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You should: Select one: A. ventilate her with a bag-valve mask. B. position her supine and elevate her legs 12 inches. C. carefully place sterile gauze into her vagina. D. place her in a left lateral recumbent position.
Place her in a left lateral recumbent position
If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should: Select one: A. resuction the mouth only. B. flick the soles of his or her feet. C. begin chest compressions. D. provide ventilations for 30 seconds.
Provide ventilations for 30 seconds
