Module 4
Which of the following is the primary purpose of the management-by-objectives (MBO) approach?
(A) Aligning goal setting and planning
Which of the following organizational designs groups employees by what they do?
(A) Functional
Large organizations are likely to structure their work operations and personnel in any of the following ways
(A) accounting
Praise received from an employee's peers is best described as an example of
(A) an extrinsic reward
The practice in large companies of establishing autonomous divisions whose heads are entirely responsible for what happens in the division is referred to as
(B) decentralization of authority
Which of the following can be best determined by consulting an organization chart?
(D) The connections of positions
Which organizational approach is most to provide standardization and efficiency/lower cost?
(E) Centralized
Decentralization tends to be encouraged by which of the following business trends? I. Product diversification II. Telecommuting III. Geographical expansion of operations
(E) I, II, and III
In accordance with Herzberg's 2-factor theory, which factor can demotivate but are not likely to motivate employees?
A) Hygiene factors
The number of subordinates who directly report to a superior refers to the manager's
A) span of control
The hierarchy of needs theory argues that deficiency needs must be met before the push to satisfy growth needs drives personal growth. The individual most commonly associated with this theory is
C) Abraham Maslow
Which of the following people is associated with the development of the Theory X and Theory Y model?
C) Douglas McGregor
McGregor's Theory Y states that workers
C) naturally enjoy work and see it as a source of fulfillment and satisfaction
The span of control most appropriate in a given organization is primarily influenced by which of the following?
B) Amount of supervision needed by subordinates
According to equity theory, after an employee receives a reward for performance, what is the next step the employee takes in the motivation process?
B) Comparing the reward with a self-selected comparison group or person
Job enrichment can be an effective tool to achieve which of the following?
B) Increased job responsibility
Which of the following practices enhances job content by building into the job more motivating factors such as responsibility, achievement, recognition, and personal growth, as advocated by Frederick Herzberg?
B) Job enrichment
Which of the following best describes the situation in which an employee arrives for work on time in order to avoid being placed on probation for a second time?
B) Negative reinforcement
Intrinsic rewards can be classified as rewards that do which of the following?
B) Provide a sense of achievement and accomplishment.
Expectancy theory tells us that employees will only be motivated by a promised reward
B) if they expect to be able to achieve the goal and earn the reward
According to Maslow, the need to feel genuinely respected by peers, both in and out of the work environment, is included in which of the following need classifications?
D) Esteem
Which of the following is the most accurate description of a grapevine in an organization?
D) It plays an important role in organizations.
What aspect of job design involves adding tasks to a job to make it more variable and more interesting?
D) Job enlargement
A large span of control throughout an organization invariably results in
D) a flat (horizontal) organizational structure
Which of the following best illustrates informal organization?
E) Groupings based on such factors as technical ability, seniority, and personal influence
Which of the following is NOT an input, according to equity theory?
E) Pay Incentives
Which of the following theories of motivation states that people are demotivated by rewards that are perceived as unfair?
E) equity theory
