Module 4

Which of the following is the primary purpose of the management-by-objectives (MBO) approach?

(A) Aligning goal setting and planning

Which of the following organizational designs groups employees by what they do?

(A) Functional

Large organizations are likely to structure their work operations and personnel in any of the following ways

(A) accounting

Praise received from an employee's peers is best described as an example of

(A) an extrinsic reward

The practice in large companies of establishing autonomous divisions whose heads are entirely responsible for what happens in the division is referred to as

(B) decentralization of authority

Which of the following can be best determined by consulting an organization chart?

(D) The connections of positions

Which organizational approach is most to provide standardization and efficiency/lower cost?

(E) Centralized

Decentralization tends to be encouraged by which of the following business trends? I. Product diversification II. Telecommuting III. Geographical expansion of operations

(E) I, II, and III

In accordance with Herzberg's 2-factor theory, which factor can demotivate but are not likely to motivate employees?

A) Hygiene factors

The number of subordinates who directly report to a superior refers to the manager's

A) span of control

The hierarchy of needs theory argues that deficiency needs must be met before the push to satisfy growth needs drives personal growth. The individual most commonly associated with this theory is

C) Abraham Maslow

Which of the following people is associated with the development of the Theory X and Theory Y model?

C) Douglas McGregor

McGregor's Theory Y states that workers

C) naturally enjoy work and see it as a source of fulfillment and satisfaction

The span of control most appropriate in a given organization is primarily influenced by which of the following?

B) Amount of supervision needed by subordinates

According to equity theory, after an employee receives a reward for performance, what is the next step the employee takes in the motivation process?

B) Comparing the reward with a self-selected comparison group or person

Job enrichment can be an effective tool to achieve which of the following?

B) Increased job responsibility

Which of the following practices enhances job content by building into the job more motivating factors such as responsibility, achievement, recognition, and personal growth, as advocated by Frederick Herzberg?

B) Job enrichment

Which of the following best describes the situation in which an employee arrives for work on time in order to avoid being placed on probation for a second time?

B) Negative reinforcement

Intrinsic rewards can be classified as rewards that do which of the following?

B) Provide a sense of achievement and accomplishment.

Expectancy theory tells us that employees will only be motivated by a promised reward

B) if they expect to be able to achieve the goal and earn the reward

According to Maslow, the need to feel genuinely respected by peers, both in and out of the work environment, is included in which of the following need classifications?

D) Esteem

Which of the following is the most accurate description of a grapevine in an organization?

D) It plays an important role in organizations.

What aspect of job design involves adding tasks to a job to make it more variable and more interesting?

D) Job enlargement

A large span of control throughout an organization invariably results in

D) a flat (horizontal) organizational structure

Which of the following best illustrates informal organization?

E) Groupings based on such factors as technical ability, seniority, and personal influence

Which of the following is NOT an input, according to equity theory?

E) Pay Incentives

Which of the following theories of motivation states that people are demotivated by rewards that are perceived as unfair?

E) equity theory