Module 40 & Module 41

The symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder begin to appear at a median age near:

20

What information would help a researcher determine if a psychological disorder were genetic in origin?

It is observed in all cultures.

Around the world, people may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This best illustrates the need for what kind of model?

a biopsychosocial approach

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

Social anxiety disorder is classified as _____ because there is a clear and specific source for the person's anxiety.

a phobia

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

psychological disorder

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

generalized anxiety disorder

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

phobia

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

panic disorder

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Often followed by worry over a possible next attack.

Which of the following disorders is NOT noted to arise around 20 years of age?

antisocial personality disorder

During an interview by a mental health professional, Blanca provided a great deal of information about herself. Of the information she provided, which is NOT considered a protective factor for Blanca?

chronic pain

In the DSM-5, a person must exhibit five of nine possible symptoms to receive a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. One of the criticisms of this variability in symptoms within this diagnostic category is that:

clinicians often don't agree on a diagnosis.

One of the strengths of the biopsychosocial approach, in comparison to the medical model, is that it incorporates _____ into an understanding of psychological disorders.

culture

agoraphobia

fear or avoidance of public situations

anxiety disorders

psychological disorders characterized by distressing persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Sigmund Freud proposed that, beginning in childhood, people _____ their intolerable impulses, ideas, and feelings.

repress

The disorder that is MOST likely to result in the person living in poverty is:

schizophrenia.

DSM-5

the American Psychiatric Association's "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

medical model

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

epigenetics

the study of the environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change