Module 6 Exam

A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in:

barometric pressure

A newborn infant will usually begin breathing spontaneously within _______ seconds following birth.

15-30 seconds

A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately:

16 hours

An abortion occurs when the fetus and placenta deliver before:

20 weeks

If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ pounds.

40

A child might begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as:

6 months

Febrile seizures are most common in children between:

6 months to 6 years

Which of the following represents a low normal systolic blood pressure for a 6-year-old child?

82 mm Hg

A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temperature falls below:

90•F (32•C)

A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the most indicative of decompensated shock?

Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg

Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct?

Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults.

After the fetus has descended into the pelvis at the end of the third trimester, many mothers experience:

Easier breathing

High humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through:

Evaporation

The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called:

Evaporation

Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss.

Head

Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia include:

Headache and edema

High air temperature reduces the body's ability to lose heat by:

Radiation

Eclampsia is most accurately defined as:

Seizures that result from severe hypertension

Which of the following most accurately describes hyperthermia?

The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.

An air embolism associated with diving occurs when:

The diver holds his or hers breath during a rapid ascent

Which of the following processes occurs immediately after ovulation?

The inner lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for implantation.

Osteoporosis is defined as:

a decrease in bone mass and density.

Spina bifida is a developmental defect in which:

a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae

Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, except:

a relatively small surface area

Breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when:

a swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water.

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:

absent urine output

After being stung on the leg by a jellyfish, a man complains of severe pain to his leg, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. He has a red rash covering his trunk, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. The EMT should:

administer oxygen and epinephrine and prepare for rapid transport.

A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by:

age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact.

Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are most commonly associated with:

alcohol

Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by:

alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions

Common causes of depression in the elderly include all of the following, except:

an acute onset of dementia.

A history of pelvic inflammatory disease or tubal ligations increases a woman's risk for:

an ectopic pregnancy.

The components of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) are:

appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation

Patients who have experienced even minor-appearing head injuries should be suspected of having a brain injury, especially if they:

are taking blood-thinning medications.

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (−1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should:

assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds.

By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's:

belly button

In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever:

can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.

The venom of a brown recluse spider is cytotoxic, meaning that it:

causes severe local tissue damage.

Children with N. meningitides would most likely present with:

cherry-red spots or a purplish rash

The onset of labor begins with:

contractions of the uterus

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures but has had a recent ear infection. You should:

cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital.

All of the following snakes are pit vipers, except for the:

coral snake

A viral infection that might cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:

croup

Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, except:

cyanosis

Drowning is most accurately defined as:

death from suffocation after submersion in water.

A common cause of shock in an infant is:

dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea

Placenta previa is defined as:

development of the placenta over the cervical opening

When the body loses sweat, it also loses:

electrolytes

A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should:

encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport.

After a baby is born, it is important to:

ensure that it is thoroughly dried and warmed

Geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they:

exhibit poor thermoregulation

Good general communication techniques with the elderly include:

frequently asking the patient if he or she understands.

All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, except:

frostbite

Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she:

has a history compatible with a serious illness.

In contrast to a full-term infant, a premature infant:

has an even proportionately larger head

A precipitous labor and delivery is most common in women who:

have delivered a baby before

An elderly patient might understate or minimize the symptoms of his or her illness because:

he or she fears hospitalization.

Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, except:

hot, dry skin

A 2-month-old infant was found unresponsive in his crib by his mother. When you arrive, you determine that the infant is apneic and pulseless. His skin is pale and cold and his arms are stiff. You should:

inform the child's mother that her son is deceased.

In contrast to the brown recluse spider, the black widow spider:

is large and has a red-orange hourglass mark on its abdomen.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm

is often the result of hypertension and atherosclerosis.

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:

is wrapped around the baby's neck.

For sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism:

it must evaporate from the body.

You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he was mowing the lawn in the heat for the past three hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. You should:

load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions.

CPR is in progress on a pulseless and apneic 29-year-old woman who is 37 weeks pregnant. When treating this patient, the EMT should:

manually displace the patient's uterus to the left.

A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min, and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect:

moderate dehydration

A 4-year-old, 16-kg female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, is breathing adequately, and has skin burns around her mouth. You should:

monitor her airway and give oxygen

A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of:

mottling and blisters.

After a head injury, which of the following is more common in children than in adults?

nausea and vomiting

After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should:

not rule out compensated shock

When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her:

on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2″ to 4″.

Fractures of the pelvis in older patients often occur as the result of a combination of:

osteoporosis and low-energy trauma.

When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should:

palpate the abdomen for rise and fall.

A 2-year-old child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should:

perform abdominal thrusts

Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indicators of ____________ elder abuse.

physical

A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You should:

place her in a left lateral recumbent position.

A 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high and that she had been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should:

place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport.

Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should:

place him or her on a firm surface.

A productive cough, fever, and chills in an 80-year-old patient with a compromised immune system should make you most suspicious for:

pneumonia

Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include:

positioning, ice packs, and extremity elevation.

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, except:

positive-pressure ventilations

The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by:

possible spinal injury.

A pregnant trauma patient might lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because:

pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume.

Fetal complications associated with drug- or alcohol-addicted mothers include all of the following, except:

profound tachycardia

After delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should:

provide emotional support to the mother

A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should:

provide rescue breathing, remove wet clothing, immobilize his spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully.

If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should:

provide ventilations for 30 seconds.

A patient with a core body temperature of 95°F (35°C) will most likely experience:

rapid breathing

Bruising to the _________ is least suggestive of child abuse.

shins

A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called:

stridor

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, except:

sunken fontanelles

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically:

superficial

A 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include:

supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.

Abruptio placenta occurs when:

the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall.

After delivery of the placenta, the mother is experiencing vaginal bleeding. After massaging the uterine fundus and allowing the mother to breastfeed, the bleeding stops. This occurred because:

the production of oxytocin caused uterine contraction

Many older victims of physical abuse might make false statements or lie about the origin of their injuries because:

they fear retribution from the abuser.

From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery?

uterus

Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when:

warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere.

An infant is premature if it:

weighs less than 5 pounds or is born before 36 weeks' gestation.

Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

wheezing