Module 8: Autoimmune & HIV
What intervention is a priority for a client diagnosed with osteoarthritis? A. PT and exercise B. Hydrotherapy C. Colchicine D. Allopurinol
A (C&D are gout meds)
Ankylosis is the inflammation of a joint A. True B. False
B (inflammation of a joint = arthritis)
An employee health nurse was asked to treat another nurse who was exposed to blood from a patient with an HIV infection. The nurse practitioner instituted a PEP protocol that includes which of the following actions? Select all that apply. A. Start prophylaxis medications between 3-6 hours after exposure B. Finish postexposure testing at 6 months C. Continue HIV medications for 4 weeks postexposure D. Initiate postexposure testing after 4 weeks E. Practice safe sex for 2 weeks (time for HIV medications to reach a satisfactory blood level)
BCD
An immunosuppressed patient should be educated on which of the following? (Select all that apply) A. Eat plenty of raw/uncooked fruits and veggies B. Avoid people who have just received vaccines C. It's alright to consume alcohol, just limit to 1 drink/day D. Avoid contact with sick individuals
BD
A 23-year-old female client diagnosed with HIV is receiving lamivudine. Which assessment finding would require the nurse to notify the healthcare provider? A. CD4 count < 300 B. Positive urine pregnancy test C. Currently breast feeding 1-month-old baby D. WBC count 6,000 mm3
C (Because of the potential for HIV transmission, women taking lamivudine should not breast feed as is transferable to the breast-fed infant)
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a common type of opportunistic infection commonly caused by a ... A. Bacteria B. Virus C. Fungus D. Retrovirus
C
A client on antiretroviral drug therapy is discussing with the nurse that sometimes he "forgets to take his meds for a few days." What should the nurse inform the client can occur when the medications are not taken as prescribed? A. The pt will have to take higher doses of the antiviral meds B. The pt will have to take the drugs intravenously to ensure compliance C. The pt is risking the development of drug resistance and drug failure
C
These medications are taken by patients who are at high risk to contract HIV (in combination with condoms and prevention tools) A. PrEP B. PEP C. PCP D. Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)
A
This is the retrovirus associated as the cause of the HIV disease A. HIV-1 B. HIV-2 C. AIDS
A
Which of the following medications is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) that reduces the amount of joint damage and slows the damage to other tissues as well? A. Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) B. Etanercept (Enbrel) C. Infliximab (Remicade) D. Methylprednisolone (Medrol)
A
Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)
A test that can detect the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood or saliva
Antiretroviral medications should be offered to clients with T-cell counts less than A. 150 cells/mm3 B. 250 cells/mm3 C. 350 cells/mm3 D. 500 cells/mm3
C
Which intervention should the nurse implement to manage pain for the client with rheumatoid arthritis? Select all that apply A. Support joints with splints and pillows B. Provide diversional activities C. Assist the client to develop a sleep routine D. Provide opportunities for the client to verbalize feelings
ABD
Which of the following cells are targeted by HIV? Select all that apply A. Monocytes B. Neutrophils C. Macrophages D. Dendritic cells E. T-cells
ACDE
During this phase of infection, HIV continues to replicate but little virus is detectable in the blood A. Acute phase B. Latent phase C. Chronic phase D. AIDS
C
A nurse is managing the care of a client with osteoarthritis. What is the appropriate treatment strategy the nurse will teach the about for osteoarthritis? A. administration of opioids for pain control B. administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) C. administration of monthly intra-articular injections of corticosteroids D. vigorous physical therapy for the joints
B
Ankylosis
Fixation or immobility of a joint
Candidiasis is a ______ infection
Fungal (it affects mucous membranes or skin)
This is a type of post-exposure prophylaxis that is started within 3 days of exposure to HIV and continues for 28 days A. PrEP B. PEP C. PCP D. Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)
B
During this phase of infection, the immune system is severely compromised and opportunistic infections become common A. Acute phase B. Latent phase C. Chronic phase D. AIDS
D
A client is experiencing an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis. What should the nursing priority be? A. Providing comprehensive client teaching; including symptoms of the disorder, treatment options, and expected outcomes B. Supplying adaptive devices, such as a zipper-pull, easy-to-open beverage cartons, and lightweight cups C. Performing meticulous skin care D. Administering ordered analgesics and monitoring their effects
D (An acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis can be very painful, and the nurse should make pain management her priority)
In an adult client, which stage of HIV infection is indicated when the results are more than 500 CD4+ lymphocytes/mm? A. CDC stage 0: Early infection B. CDC stage 1: Acute HIV infection C. CDC stage 2: Clinical latency (HIV inactivity or dormancy) D. CDC stage 3: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
B
A client with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitor. What medication might be prescribed? A. Diclofenac B. Etanercept C. Celecoxib D. Indomethacin
B (note: diclofenac and indomethacin are NSAIDs)
The balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is the A. viral load test B. viral set point C. window period D. anergy
B (the amount of virus in the body after the initial immune response subsides is referred to as the viral set point)