Module 8 Test

Bed wetting and sleep waking occur most often during what brain wave stage? a. beta b. alpha c. theta d. delta

Delta

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because a. our hear rate is slow and steady while our breathing is highly irregular b. we are deeply asleep but we can be awakened easily c. our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move d. it leads to highly imaginative dreams that are perceived as colorless images

Our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move

Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that a. men are less likely than women to report dreams with sexual overtones b. the genital arousal that occurs during sleep is typically related to sexual dreams c. people are more likely to dream of failure than success d. more dreams are pleasant, exotic, and unrelated to ordinary life

People are more likely to dream of failure than of sucess

Exposure to bright light causes the a. thyroid gland to increase the production of melatonin b. thyroid gland to decrease the production of melatonin c. pineal gland to increase the production of melatonin d. pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin

Pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin

At 3 oclock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues we can expect an increasing occurrence of a. hypnagogic sensations b. muscle tension c. REM sleep d. stage 4 sleep

REM sleep

The occasional experience of sleep paralysis is most likely as you awaken from a. NREM-1 sleep b. NREM-2 sleep c. NREM-3 sleep d. REM sleep

REM sleep

during which stage of sleep does the body experience increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and genital arousal a. NREM-2 sleep b. NREM-3 sleep c. NREM-1 sleep d. REM sleep

REM sleep

evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through a. circadian rhythms b. alpha wave patterns c. hypnagogic sensations d. REM sleep

REM sleep

Nightmares are to ____ as night terrors are to ____ a. REM sleep , NREM-3 sleep b. delta waves , alpha waves c. NREM-3 sleep, NREM-1 sleep d. NREM-1 sleep,, REM sleep

REM sleep, NREM-3 sleep

Jordan has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed she's very realized she has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of a. delta waves b. alpha waves c. sleep spindles d. rapid eye movements

alpha waves

The sleep cycle repeats itself about every a. 30 min b. 90 min c. 2 1/2 hours d. 4 hours

b. 90 min

After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his normal a. change blindness b. circadian rhythm c. hypnagogic sensations d. sleep paralysis

circadian rhythm

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the a. hypnagogic state b. circadian rhythm c. alpha wave pattern d. REM rebound

circadian rhythm

One effect of sleeping pills is to a. decrease REM sleep b. increase REM sleep c. decrease NREM-2 sleep d. increase NREM-2 sleep

decrease REM sleep

At 1:00 AM Luis gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of his brain activity is most likely to indicate the presence of a. alpha waves b. sleep spindles c. REM sleep d. delta waves

delta waves

Sleep deprivation has been shown to a. increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks b. reduce REM sleep c. diminish immunity to disease d. decrease narcolepsy

diminish immunity to disease

After suffering a trauma, people commonly report nightmares. one of the benefits of these nightmares is that they help a. prevent paradoxical sleep b. reduce sleep apnea c. increase REM rebound d. extinguish daytime fears

extinguish daytime fears

Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces ________ that are toxic to neurons. a. amphetamines b. hypnagogic sensations c. free radicals d. alpha waves

free radicals

During REM sleep your skeletal muscles are relaxed because messages from the motor cortex are blocked by the a. brainstem b. hypothalamus c. suprachiasmatic nucleus d. dopamine reward system

Brainstem

Greg remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car. Greg's therapist suggested that the dream might be a representation of the girlfriend's efforts to avoid sexual intimacy. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the ________ of Greg's dream. a. paradoxical content b. circadian rhythm c. latent content d. manifest content

latent content

While soundly asleep, people cannot A. talk and dream at the same time B. incorporate environmental changes into the content of their dreams C. learn tape-recorded messages to which they are repeatedly exposed D. do any of these things

learn tape-recorded messages to which they are repeatedly exposed

The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that a. most dreams are psychologically meaningless b. the disruption of REM sleep leads to narcolepsy c. most mammals experience REM rebound d. sexual tension is naturally discharged during REM sleep

most mammals experience REM rebound

The absence of a hypothalamic neural center tat produces orexin has been linked to a. insomnia b. sleep apnea c. narcolepsy d. night terrors

narcolepsy

Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia a. relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime b. eat a big dinner late in the evening so you'll feel drowsy at bedtime c. relax with a drink of your favorite alcoholic beverage just before bedtime d. engage in some form of vigorous physical exercise shortly before bedtime

relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime

An air pump that keeps the sleeper's airway open and breathing regular is often prescribed for serious cases of a. narcolepsy b. insomnia c. sleep apnea d. night terrors

sleep apnea

Research on sleep patterns indicates that A) older adults and newborns have very similar sleep patterns. B) different sleep patterns reflect differences in latent dream content. C) everyone needs a minimum of 8 hours of sleep per night to function well. D) sleep patterns may be genetically influenced.

sleep patterns may be genetically influenced

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occurred during NREM-2 sleep are called a. alpha waves b. circadian rhythms c. sleep spindles d. delta waves

sleep spindles

Production of the human growth hormone necessary for muscle development is most strongly associated with a. sleep spindles b. slow wave sleep c. hypnagogic sensations d. REM sleep

slow wave sleep

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60 years old a. spend less time in deep sleep b. spend less time in NREM-1 sleep c. spend more time in paradoxical sleep d. complete the sleep cycle more slowly

spend less time in deep sleep

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the a. suprachiasmatic nucleus b. dopamine reward system c. thyroid gland d. sleep spindles

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Forty year old lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably a. would report a vivd dream if he were awakened during REM sleep b. dreams during NREM-1 rather than during REM sleep c. experiences more NREM 2 sleep than most people d. cycles through the distant sleep stages much more rapidly than most people

would report a vivd dream if he were awakened during REM sleep

Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone ____ ad decreases levels of hunger suppressing hormone ______ a. melatonin, cortisol b. serotonin, dopamine c. ghrelin, leptin d. epinephrine, norepinephrine

ghrelin, leptin

The part of the brain called our biological clock because it regulates our sleep wake cycle is the a. thalamus b. pineal gland c. hypothalamus d. cerebellum

hypothalamus

Most college students are owls with performance----- across the day. Most older adults are larks with performance --- as the day progresses a. improving; declining b. declining; improving c. declining; staying the same d. staying the same ; declining

improving; declining

traffic accident rates have been found to ----- after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ---- after the fall change back to standard time a. increase; increase b. decrease; decrease c. increase; decrease d. decrease; increase

increase; decrease

Research indicated that total time spent in REM sleep is especially high in a. males b. infants c. females d. older adults

infants

People who heard unusual phrases prior to sleep were awakened each time they began REM sleep. The fact that they remembered less the next morning provides support for the ________ theory of dreaming. a. manufest content b. physiological c. information-processing d. cognitive development

information-processing

A recurring difficulty in falling or staying asleep is called a. narcolepsy b. insomnia c. sleep apnea d. paradoxical sleep

insomnia