Module 9- Social Cognitive Theory

Bandura's triadic reciprocal determinism model of causality explains human learning by focusing on learners, teachers, and classrooms. True False

False

Collective efficacy is the term used to describe an individual teacher's belief in his or her ability to manage classrooms of students. True False

False

High self-efficacy, high academic goal setting, and the use of effective learning strategies are all related to ______. high levels of self-regulation skills low to moderate levels of self-regulation high responsiveness to vicarious learning strategies low levels of persistence and effort

high levels of self-regulation skills

Teachers who develop challenging lessons and are persistent in working with struggling students are more likely to produce students who have ______. high self-efficacy better self-evaluation skills accurate self-appraisal high self-judgment

high self-efficacy

Mr. Reich has become stressed at the level of student misbehavior in his classes and doubts his ability to motivate students. He has even started to question if his students are capable of succeeding. Mr. Reich is clearly displaying traits consistent with ______. low self-esteem low teacher efficacy low collective efficacy low self-observation

low teacher efficacy

Connie was afraid to enroll in chemistry, believing that she did not have the ability to succeed. Then she saw her friends take the course, and they all did well. She then decided to enroll in chemistry the following semester. The development of her newfound self-efficacy was due to ______. persuasion modeling past performance reciprocal determinism

modeling

Joey did very well in his high school algebra and trigonometry classes. Based on what we know about the development of self-efficacy, which statement is most likely true concerning his beliefs about how well he will do in his upcoming calculus class? (A) He should have high self-efficacy because of his successful past performance. (B) He should have high self-efficacy because he will have the support of his family. (C) He should have low self-efficacy because calculus is much harder than other math classes. (D) He should have low self-efficacy because he attends school in low-socioeconomic district.

(A) He should have high self-efficacy because of his successful past performance.

When a student witnesses a fellow classmate being punished for a particular behavior, and it results in that student choosing to not engage in the behavior, we call this phenomenon ______. (A) the response inhibition effect (B) the response disinhibition effect (C) the response facilitation effect (D) reinforced imitation

(A) the response inhibition effect

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement? (A) Brittany sees her friend Artie scolded for chewing gum in gym class. She quickly takes her own gum out of her mouth and puts it in the trash. (B) Noah notices that his friend Rachel gets extra attention from the teacher when she acts helpless. Noah begins to act helpless as well. (C) Finn knows that he gets a better grade when he turns in his homework typed rather than handwritten, so he turns in his answers typed. (D) Tina sees Phyllis getting good participation grades for asking questions and answering their teacher's questions, but Tina feels too shy to speak up in class.

(B) Noah notices that his friend Rachel gets extra attention from the teacher when she acts helpless. Noah begins to act helpless as well.

When do self-regulation skills begin to develop? (A) prior to the preschool years (B) during the elementary school years (C) junior high school (D) the late high school or early college years

(B) during the elementary school years

Bandura's classic Bobo doll study illustrated that preschool children ______. (A) learned physically and verbally aggressive behaviors from video games (B) learned physically and verbally aggressive behaviors from adult models (C) learned self-regulation skills by watching an adult interact with a Bobo doll (D) modeled physically and verbally aggressive behaviors for older children

(B) learned physically and verbally aggressive behaviors from adult models

Which situation best illustrates the response disinhibition effect? (A) Ross noticed that other students in the class get free time to socialize if they get their worksheets done early, so now he stays on task. (B) Rachel regularly sends text messages when she thinks the teacher isn't looking. One of her classmates is caught and punished for texting, so she stops texting in class. (C) Joey found out that other students were copying each other's calculus homework and were not caught or punished, so he now copies his friend's answers. (D) Monica observed that the top students at the science fair competition received a lot of attention, praise, and prizes, so she puts a lot of effort into her project.

(C) Joey found out that other students were copying each other's calculus homework and were not caught or punished, so he now copies his friend's answers.

Which of the following is an assumption of social cognitive learning theory? (A) Direct experience with the environment is necessary for learning to take place. (B) All organisms learn in similar ways via similar processes. (C) Personal characteristics are important in learning. (D) Self-regulation is the primary driver of whether a person learns.

(C) Personal characteristics are important in learning.

Based on social cognitive theory, why might male students enrolled in a nursing program learn more from a male professor than from a female professor? (A) These students will recognize that male professors are more prestigious and have higher status. (B) Male professors are more likely than the female professors to behave in gender-appropriate ways. (C) These students will view male professors who chose a nontraditional career as more applicable to their own situation and choices. (D) Male professors are typically more aggressive than female professors, and aggressiveness is a relevant trait in nursing education.

(C) These students will view male professors who chose a nontraditional career as more applicable to their own situation and choices.

Factors influencing the development of self-efficacy include all of the following EXCEPT ______. (A) observing others succeed or fail on the task of interest (B) a person's own past performance on the task of interest (C) levels of performance and test anxiety on the task of interest (D) verbal persuasion or encouragement from others on the task of interest

(C) levels of performance and test anxiety on the task of interest

Because Rory has a high sense of self-efficacy regarding her math skills, we would predict all of the following would be true EXCEPT ______. (A) on math tasks, Rory will persist even when she initially experiences difficulty with solving the problem (B) Rory will choose to take math classes as electives once she has fulfilled her required math classes (C) when assessed on her math skills, Rory will achieve high levels of academic performance (D) Rory will work quickly when solving sets of math problems and not bother to double check her work

(D) Rory will work quickly when solving sets of math problems and not bother to double check her work

It is particularly important for students who are learning through observation to ______. (A) have high levels of self-esteem and be given feedback (B) experience failures before experiencing successes (C) be exposed to live models rather than symbolic models (D) pay attention to the model and be able to produce the behavior

(D) pay attention to the model and be able to produce the behavior

Which of the following are specific strategies that teachers can use to improve their students' self-efficacy? (A) modeling gender-appropriate and age-appropriate classroom behaviors (B) maintaining their high status as an authority figure and avoid appearing incompetent (C) setting assignments at developmentally appropriate levels and avoid providing underserved praise (D) providing specific and accurate feedback, verbal persuasion, and model self-efficacy

(D) providing specific and accurate feedback, verbal persuasion, and model self-efficacy

Self-regulation is more difficult for younger students than for older students because ______. (A) younger students are less self-aware and have fewer academic role models (B) younger students have underdeveloped social skills and cognitive processing deficits (C) self-regulation is inappropriate and should not be expected of younger students (D) younger students have shorter attention spans and misestimate their abilities and progress

(D) younger students have shorter attention spans and misestimate their abilities and progress

Attention, retention, and production are all important characteristics of imitators during observational learning. True False

True

Bandura's classic Bobo doll study illustrated that aggressive behaviors could be learned via observational learning and modeling. True False

True

Social interactions with parents, teachers, and peers who serve as models and provide verbal persuasion are important in the development of self-regulation. True False

True

A student's sense of being able to successfully accomplish a particular task is called ______. self-regulation self-esteem self-reinforcement self-efficacy

self-efficacy

Individuals such as historical figures (e.g., Abraham Lincoln), actors, and professional athletes who provide opportunities for students to observe and imitate are known as ______. media models live models symbolic models exemplary models

symbolic models

Social cognitive theory is primarily concerned with explaining learning ______. from a sociological perspective through observation of others communication and thinking skills socially appropriate behaviors

through observation of others