Mr. Sanders Notes

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 8

1945-49 part two of civil war, GMD had upper hand at first

5.6 industrialization state influence 4

19th century Russia limited by serf work, still using wood not coal, companies not interested in innovation;

Industrial Era Intro 3

2 ages: reason, machines

3.3 empires beliefs 23

20. The Sikh religion bears some similarities to Hinduism and Islam. There are possibly 25 million today. It arose about 1500 in South Asia.

New Stone Age

8000-3500 BC, farm

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 13

A variety of factors contributed to the growth of industrial production & eventually resulted in the Industrial Revolution, including: MOST OF THESE ARE UK first

River Valley Civilizations 8.

About 1500 the Aryan peoples took over with their proto-Hinduism (caste, karma, reincarnation).

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 6

Algeria 1830 fly whisk incident conquered by France

Indian Ocean exchange networks pt 2 8.

An astrolabe was invented fairly early but a mariner's astrolabe arose in this era. It determines latitude among other things.

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 24

Angola from the Portuguese empire: 1961-74

6.5 imperialism economy 8

Australia (independence 1901) exported wool, gold

6.5 imperialism economy 14

BEIC gradually taking over trade in India

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 19

Balkan nationalisms: Greece declared independence from the Ottoman Empire 1821 and then fought to achieve it.

post classical connections 20.

Bananas from SE Asia diffused to Africa; citrus spread from Asia to Europe. More productive rice diffused from Vietnam to China.

Africa lecture, writing (post classical) 3.

Bantu migration from West to Central and Southern Africa is evident in language similarities and development of iron works.

Africa lecture, writing (post classical) 2.

Because it had a smaller population, much of Africa consisted of stateless societies where there was minimal government.

4.5 Lecture 1 - Muslim-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean - 1

Before Europeans arrived in the Indian Ocean in the 1500s, trade was relatively free.

6.2 state expansion 12

Belgium in the Congo 1869 personal rule by Leopold II

S/SE Asia post classical 3.

Bhakti is a devotional approach in Hinduism.

8.5c, 8.6a 7

Biafra secessionist movement in Nigeria: problem with decolonization boundaries

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 12

Bolivar is considered the "George Washington" of Latin America. He also pondered whether Latin Americans were ready for self-government.

7.1 shifting power after 1900 2

Both world wars exhaust West and show colonies they were defeatable; wars would arm colonies; does the west still dominate?

scientific rev Early Mod Renaissance 8.

Boyle laws of gases, temperature, pressure mid 1600's

scientific rev Early Mod Renaissance 4.

Brahe late 1500's planetary motion; and Kepler; laid the groundwork for Galileo.

5.2 Revolution 7

British armies were more powerful but Washington and other generals won important victories, and French help increased US chances.

6.6 causes of migration 15

British engineers and geologists to South Asia and Africa: before Hoover became US president, he worked for a UK mining company in Australia 1890s where he hired Italian laborers; then he worked in China, and later as an independent contractor all over the world

China part 1 post classical 5.

Brothers who did not become emperors and others in the family tree (related royalty) could influence the government.

post classical connections 1.

Buddhism spread from South to East Asia, impacting China, Japan, and other places. It competed or cooperated with other religions.

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 16

Cambodia during the late 1970s Khmer Rouge imitating Maoist communists; possibly killed 25% of population

8.5c, 8.6a 15

Cambodia: French Indo-China comprised Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam; reverted to kingdom

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 4

Canada in pieces before but united mostly 1867 under UK

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 9

Cars invented by late 19th c.; first plane 1903

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 6

Casualties: most ever 50-70 m. dead, ½ were civilian

China part 3 post classical 10.

China traded along the Silk Road and across the Indian Ocean. China imported horses and spices.

Europe post classical pt 1 1.

Christians believe in the following: the Bible Old and New Testaments; the Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) but monotheism

Europe post classical pt 2 9.

Christians took up arms against the Muslims in Spain (Reconquista) and in SW Asia (Crusades). In both places Islam had taken over lands previously controlled by Christians.

5.8 industrial changes 8

Church and social gospel: changed the emphasis from spiritual focus to meeting people's material needs

3.3 empires beliefs 6

Churches that arose from this "protest" included Lutherans and Presbyterians. These Protestants tended to thrive in northern Europe while Catholicism held strong in the south. There are roughly 800 million Protestants today.

China part 3 post classical 5.

Cities along Grand Canal were thriving due to the emphasis on internal development.

Silk Road 8.

Cities grew with trade such as Kashgar (in western China) and Samarkand (in modern Uzbekistan). These two were about 500 miles apart.

post classical connections 4.

Cities in Russia declined due to Mongol's attacks, but Moscow arose as a center of collecting tribute.

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 23

Civil revolts: French v. French; importance of radio; seems like little progress after war

5.2 Revolution 1

Colonial subjects in the Americas led a series of rebellions inspired by democratic ideals. The American Revolution, and its successful establishment of a republic, the United States of America, was a model and inspiration for a number of the revolutions that followed.

5.2 Revolution 6

Colonists pushed back against British rule leading to several clashes. They finally declared independence 1776.

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 8

Columbus d.1506 4x across Atlantic

Indian Ocean exchange networks post classical 3.

Commercial practices increased like those on the silk road: paper money, banking, credit, bills of exchange.

5.8 industrial changes 13

Communism an economic theory, utopian, what are the main ideas? no private property, Marx advocated atheism (why?), government controls all aspects of life

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 20

Communist Revolution for Vietnamese independence 1945-1975 first against French until 1954

6.2 state expansion 1

Compare processes by which state power shifted in various parts of the world from 1750 to 1900.

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 1

Compare the processes by which various peoples pursued independence after 1900.

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 12

Compare the ways in which the United States and the Soviet Union sought to maintain influence over the course of the Cold War.

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 28

Conferences, trials, rebuilding, cold war

China part 2 post classical 3.

Confucian traditions of both respect for and expected deference from women existed alongside female foot binding. The system was definitely patriarchal but often there was some mitigation.

6.5 imperialism economy 7

Congo Free State (late Belgian Congo, Zaire, now Democratic Republic of Congo) 1885-1908 under King Leopold II of Belgium for rubber, mutilation of workers; Heart of Darkness a novel about this tragedy

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 4

Cons: Versailles did the best they could, failure to enforce, Germany recovered by mid 1920s, treaties in past were harsh, what would Germany have imposed if it won, Brest-Litovsk, Italy and Germany no democracy experience

6.6 causes of migration 19

Convict labor: in Australia; in US out of sharecrop system; sometimes doing productive work, other times doing meaningless tasks such as moving objects back and forth

scientific rev Early Mod Renaissance 3.

Copernicus heliocentric by calculation

6.5 imperialism economy 17

Copper extracted in Chile: excellent graphics but most copper not before 20th c. (see visual capitalist link)

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 19

Delacroix's art Massacre of Chios; installed Bavarian king (grandfather of current Prince Phillip UK was 2nd king 1863-1913)

scientific rev Early Mod Renaissance 6.

Descartes early 1600's; Bacon 1600 scientific method

4.4 empires 11

Deshima/Nagasaki was a port in Japan exclusively devoted to controlling foreign trade.

4.4 empires day 4 - 1

Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants.

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 22

Diamonds from Africa: industrial use (hardest natural object), began 1860s, Rhodes bought up all mines (De Beers company);

Indian Ocean exchange networks post classical 9.

Diasporic communities consisted of foreigners from a similar origin congregating in one area of another country.

5.8 industrial changes 15

Difference between communism and socialism? Socialism may occur peacefully, communism advocates violent overthrow of the existing powers

4.4 empires day 2 - 1

Driven largely by political, religious, and economic rivalries, European states established new maritime empires, including the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French, and British.

4.7 - 11

During Akbar's reign (late 1500s) Hindus/Buddhists received more tolerance.

8.1, 8.2a cold war 8

During the interwar years, the British Empire shifted to more of the Commonwealth that it is now.

4.5 Lecture 1 - 1

Economic disputes led to rivalries and conflict between states. Competition over trade routes

River Valley Civilizations 5.

Egypt (along the Nile River) built pyramids, mummified their dead, and wrote on papyrus.

5.9 industrial society pt 2 5

Electricity not until late in 19th century, what did they use before?

3.3 empires beliefs 9

Elizabeth his daughter d.1603 attempted some peaceful ground between warring sides declaring that she did not make windows into men's souls. However, the Puritans arose to purify the church further.

6.7 migration effects 20

Ellis Island 1892 set up

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 15

Empires began to decline as people groups sought self-determination. But how far should this process go? Should every language group be its own nation?

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 14

English distracted with Henry VIII/Elizabeth; Cabot (Italian sailed for England) 1497; Francis Drake 1st English around world 1577-80, claimed CA; Sir Walter Raleigh NC lost colony late 1500s

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 17

Enlightenment ideas and religious ideals influenced various reform movements. These reform movements contributed to the expansion of rights, as seen in

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 1

Enlightenment philosophies applied new ways of understanding and empiricist approaches to both the natural world and human relationships; they also reexamined the role that religion played in public life and emphasized the importance of reason. Philosophers developed new political ideas about the individual, natural rights, and the social contract.

China part 1 post classical 8.

Eunuchs (castrated males) not only supervised the harem but acted as court administrators. They also could influence policy.

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 22

European Theater

6.2 state expansion 6

European states as well as the United States and Japan acquired territories throughout Asia and the Pacific, while Spanish and Portuguese influence declined. SEE MAP

5.8 industrial changes 5

Example from The Jungle 1906: immigrant family taken advantage of in housing and work, meat packing plant had no standards or inspectors, trash and other things swept into the sausage machines

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 18

Expanded suffrage (the vote): general male franchise in France 1799; in the 1820s the US ended property qualifications

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 14

Explain how and why internal and external factors have influenced the process of state building from 1750 to 1900.

6.7 migration effects 1

Explain how and why new patterns of migration affected society from 1750 to 1900.

6.1 Imperial rationales 2

Explain how ideologies contributed to the development of imperialism from 1750 to 1900.

5.9 industrial society 1

Explain how industrialization caused change in existing social hierarchies and standards of living.

8.5c, 8.6a 12

Explain how political changes in the period from c. 1900 to the present led to territorial, demographic, and nationalist developments.

6.6 causes of migration 12

Explain how various economic factors contributed to the development of varied patterns of migration from 1750 to 1900.

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 12

Explain how various environmental factors contributed to the development of the global economy from 1750 to 1900.

7.2, 7.3 WWI 1

Explain the causes and consequences of World War I.

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 18

Explain the causes and effects of movements to redistribute economic resources.

8.1, 8.2a cold war 14

Explain the causes and effects of the ideological struggle of the Cold War.

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 1

Explain the development of economic systems, ideologies, and institutions and how they contributed to change in the period from 1750 to 1900.

8.1, 8.2a cold war 1

Explain the historical context of the Cold War after 1945.

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 13

Explain the various causes and consequences of mass atrocities in the period from 1900 to the present.

4.7 - 2

Expulsion of Jews from Spain and Portugal: Over the centuries Jews experienced varying degrees of acceptance or persecution.

5.6 industrialization state influence 6

Failed efforts by Chinese self-strengthening; think about why China and the Ottoman resisted

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 5

Fascist corporatist economy: Italy, Mussolini FUN FACTS (dictatorial, imperialistic/war as positive, nationalism/cultural unity)

4.4 empires day 5 - 8

Females were subject to sexual exploitation by slave owners.

China part 2 post classical 2.

Filial piety involved the five pairs of relationship where one person was responsible for taking care of the other; the second person was obligated to show respect for the first person.

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 8

Financial instruments: Stock markets: began in London 1571, US Wall Street 1792 Limited-liability corporations; what is liability? What was the hurdle/risk before this?

5.9 industrial society pt 2 7

First police in US cities, traditionally sheriff; UK bobbies Sir Robert Peel helped create in London 1829; Scotland Yard (HQ from its location in London), Sherlock Holmes (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle)

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 1

Following World War I and the onset of the Great Depression, governments began to take a more active role in economic life. Government intervention in the economy:

5.8 industrial changes 11

France National Assembly socialist party 1870s

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 3

GMD v. CCP before WWII, both competing for power during warlord era after fall of Qing dynasty

scientific rev Early Mod Renaissance 5.

Galileo combined math and experiment. He said scientists should not rely on subjective elements like color, smell, etc. but only those things that could be measured. (author notes the pros and cons of this approach). Falling objects Brainiac - Do heavy objects fall faster than light objects? Aristotle v. Galileo Telescope heliocentric, STORY forced to recant

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 12

Gamal Abdel Nasser in Egypt

Mongols part 1 2.

Genghis Khan d.1227 gathered various Mongol groups under his leadership and conquered much of Asia to the Caspian Sea.

Mongols part 2 10.

Genghis Khan ordered writing based on that alphabet of the Uyghur script, a people in far west China.

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 15

Geographical distribution of coal, iron, & timber: natural; what about moderate climate?

7.2, 7.3 WWI 11

German Schlieffen plan called for its mobilization against France, then Russia

3.3 empires beliefs 5

German political leaders supported Luther who insisted that the Bible was the supreme authority. He taught that people were made right with God by "faith that worked" rather than "faith plus works."

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 17

German unification: Chancellor Bismarck of Prussia pushed for small wars with its neighbors to inspire a larger German nation. This was achieved in 1871, see political cartoons.

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 24

Germany attacked Russia 1941; Russia held on

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 23

Germany conquered Europe 1939-1940; UK held on

7.2, 7.3 WWI 12

Germany invaded Belgium and France; UK entered August

7.2, 7.3 WWI 9

Germany promised Austria-Hungary a "blank check"; Russia mobilized

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 20

Germany under Adolf Hitler: Sir Ian Jacob, Churchill's military secretary, once said to him that the Allies won the war "because our German scientists were better than their German scientists."

4.4 empires 7

Goa was about ½ way between N and S on the west coast of what is now India.

4.3 Columbian Exchange 29

Gold and especially silver were exported from west to east in phenomenal quantities.

Africa lecture, writing (post classical) 1.

Governments develop and maintain power by having a strong military, being ruled by competent leaders, having cooperative neighbors, maintaining a strong economy, and creating cultural unity.

China part 1 post classical 1.

Governments develop and maintain power with competent leaders, strong military, cooperative neighbors, thriving economy, and cultural unity.

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 14

Governments used a variety of strategies, including political propaganda, art, media, and intensified forms of nationalism, to mobilize populations (both in the home countries and the colonies or former colonies) for the purpose of waging war.

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 6

Governments with strong popular support in Brazil and Mexico: populist (define), Vargas

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 16

Great Britain under Winston Churchill: quotes

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 13

Great Depression didn't hurt them as much since they were already poor!

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 14

Great Leap Forward 1950s: Mao's effort to industrialize, people diverted from farming to trying to produce steel (sometimes in their backyards)

Industrial Era Intro 1

Greatest event since Neolithic revolution?

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 1

Groups and individuals, including the Non-Aligned Movement, opposed and promoted alternatives to the existing economic, political, and social orders. Non-Aligned Movement:

4.4 empires day 4 - 12

Haciendas were self-sufficient ranches. Labor could be controlled in some cases severely.

River Valley Civilizations 4.

Hammurabi produced one of the earliest written law codes. Governments tended to be smaller and shorter-lived kingdoms.

post classical connections 2.

Hinduism and Buddhism dispersed to Southeast Asia. Most governments at this time were theocracies, using religion to strengthen their political control.

S/SE Asia post classical 1.

Hinduism has three basics (karma, reincarnation, caste), many scriptures (e.g., Vedas, Bhagavad Gita), and three ways of "salvation" (works, knowledge, devotion). There is one ultimate reality, Brahman, and many gods (e.g., Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva). Hindus have several festivals, e.g., Diwali, and holy places (Ganges River, etc.).

Alexander Pope 3.

His book combined Bacon's empiricism and Descartes' deductive reasoning author notes Newton's interest in other things like theology and magic

Alexander Pope 2.

His major work Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy held true until Einstein.

Mongols part 1 3.

His sons and grandsons conquered even further, reaching to Russia, eastern Europe, and SW Asia. Baghdad was crushed in 1258 and China in 1279.

8.1, 8.2a cold war 2

Hopes for greater self-government were largely unfulfilled following World War I; however, in the years following World War II, increasing anti-imperialist sentiment contributed to the dissolution of empires and the restructuring of states.

Islamic world culture (post classical) 1.

House of Wisdom in Abbasid Baghdad thriving more in 800s

5.8 industrial changes 3

Housing standards: first requirements in the US in the 1860s in NYC; populations ballooned in cities that were not prepared to offer safe living conditions; How the Other Half Lives 1890 records these conditions

6.7 migration effects 3

How US was different from most other places: other places had empires where people stayed instead of migrating to west; Nice animation from metrocosm; map from google whap

Industrial Era Intro Mostly West Early mod 1600 mid 17th c. - 5

Human and animal labor, wind and water power

4.7 - 12

Imperial conquests and widening global economic opportunities contributed to the formation of new political and economic elites, including

4.7 - 4

In 1492 (significance?) Jews were ordered out of the country and up to 100,000 left.

Mongols part 2 2.

In general Mongol rule was claimed to be "tolerant" (after they conquered) as long as you obeyed and gave tribute.

5.8 industrial changes 4

In industrialized states, many workers organized themselves, often in labor unions, to improve working conditions, limit hours, and gain higher wages. Workers' movements and political parties emerged in different areas, promoting alternative visions of society.

5.8 industrial changes 16

In response to the expansion of industrializing states, some governments in Asia and Africa, including the Ottoman Empire and Qing China, sought to reform and modernize their economies and militaries. Reform efforts were often resisted by some members of government or established elite groups.

5.8 industrial changes 1

In response to the social and economic changes brought about by industrial capitalism, some governments, organizations, and individuals promoted various types of political, social, educational, and urban reforms.

4.5 Lecture 2 - 7

Increased peasant and artisan labor: § Western Europe— wool and linen § India—cotton § China—silk

6.7 migration effects 13

Irish in North America: 1/5 of Boston by 1870 was Irish, served in Civil War

Unit 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed - 10

Is it a problem that the US was created, in part, by property destruction? e.g., more recent non-violent tea party movement

4.5 - Catholic missionaries to Asia - 5

Islam increased its presence in SE Asia: merchants and Sufis

Islamic world basics, expansion (post classical) 2.

Islam means submission and Muslims are followers of the Islamic religion. Muslims had a high view of merchants and practiced slavery. Women in Islam had some rights but in other ways were regarded as inferior to men.

8.5c, 8.6a 22

Israel war 1948: surrounded with very few resources but knew it was win or die, especially motivated by Holocaust just ending; Arabs not that organized or committed; problem of Palestinian refugees

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 2 8.

Israel was dispersed to many places after the disaster of Masada about AD/CE 70.

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 2 7.

Israel was dominated by Persia (story of Esther), Greece, and Rome.

8.5c, 8.6a 14

Israel: recall it was part of WWI UK mandate, 1948 UN created, southern desert and 2 small places in N, after the 1948 war they got some more land

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 8

It contains four references to God: nature's God, endowed by their Creator with inalienable rights, the Supreme Judge of the world, and divine Providence

4.5 Lecture 1 - 5

It could be considered a three-way system in that slaves came from Africa, raw materials from the Americas, and "manufactured" products from Europe.

Mongols part 2 8.

It is likely that understanding of gunpowder also traveled west.

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 10

It is really more like US Bill of Rights insisting on natural rights, equality, liberty, democracy, property, religious freedom, and free speech/press.

4.4 empires -Ming China 2

It was finally opened again mostly to Portugal.

7.2, 7.3 WWI 19

Italy switched sides; Ottoman joined Germany, battle of Gallipoli 1915

Indian Ocean exchange networks post classical 4.

Items traded included gold, ivory, and slaves from Africa; also incense, horses, and paper from Arabia.

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 4

Its roots lie in the Enlightenment and the Christian religion. It consists of a preamble, a list of grievances, and a conclusion.

6.2 state expansion 7

Latin America independence: why did Spain and Portugal decline?

Unit 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed - 8

Locals in Boston were unable to bully local tax officials to resign (as they had with Stamp Act).

Indian Ocean exchange networks post classical 6.

Locations such as Malacca and Hormuz were important for obtaining trade as they were narrow points through which ships had to pass. The Sultanate of Malacca had regular connections with China.

Sahara lecture, writing (post classical) 4.

Mansa Musa d.1337, ruled the empire. He famously went on the hajj to Mecca. Some writers claim he was the richest person ever. Our knowledge of Mali is enhanced by Ibn Battuta who came there in the 1350s.

4.4 empires day 4 - 13

Many Native Americans also continued on their own plots.

4.7 - 1

Many states, such as the Mughal and Ottoman empires, adopted practices to accommodate the ethnic and religious diversity of their subjects or to utilize the economic, political, and military contributions of different ethnic or religious groups. In other cases, states suppressed diversity or limited certain groups' roles in society, politics, or the economy. Differential treatment of groups in society, politics, and the economy:

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 12

Mao imposed dictatorial control rather than equality of people; real plus came after death of Mao

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 23

Mao killed tens of millions in China with the Great Leap Forward 1950s and Cultural Revolution 1960s

5.9 industrial society 7

Middle class women: limited? education, some did work in stores, nursing

4.4 empires 4

Mombasa was an important commercial city on the Swahili Coast.

4.7 - 10

Mughals in S Asia had a less positive record as Muslims ruling over a Hindu majority.

7.1 shifting power after 1900 16

Mustapha Kemal Ataturk, more secular; map 1800-1900; see web page liberating narratives

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 9

N America explorers: Coronado, de Leon, Cabeza de Vaca, de Soto, Balboa

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 16

N invaded S, like Disney to Donald Duck, almost drove them into sea

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 10

N over ran S 1975 (US tired, refused to support S)

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 14

Negotiated independence:

Industrial Era Intro 9

North America: independence, like Europe

4.6 - 11

North American slave resistance: e.g., 1739 Stono revolt (SC) lasted about 1 week, 25 colonists killed, up to 50 AA killed;

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 11

Northern Atlantic crossings were undertaken under English, French, and Dutch sponsorship, often with the goal of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 8

Oil: coal replaced wood; petroleum supplied kerosene (candles in movies); show graph (really after 1900)

Industrial Era Intro Mostly West Early mod 1600 mid 17th c. - 3

Old imperialism, Columbian exchange

4.5 - Diffusion of Catholicism to Americas - 5

One example from Virgin of Guadalupe (apparitions in 1531) denounced by Bernardino de Sahagun 1570s in Florentine Codex (wiki)

4.4 empires day 3 - 9

Osei Tutu: The Akan people, late 1600s to early 1700s, built Asante Kingdom in west Africa from disparate groups.

7.1 shifting power after 1900 15

Ottoman: sick man of Europe, failed Tanzimat, lost WWI

scientific rev Early Mod Renaissance 9.

Pascal mechanical calculator

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 13

People around the world developed a new sense of commonality based on language, religion, social customs, and territory. This was sometimes harnessed by governments to foster a sense of unity. Call for national unification or liberation:

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 16

People began to identify with their country rather than their king and/or village. e.g., USA colors, anthem, pledge, symbols

River Valley Civilizations 6.

Pharaohs ruled fairly long lasting kingdoms. Egypt had some trade and war with Mesopotamia.

3.3 empires beliefs 20

Political rivalries between the Ottoman and Safavid empires intensified the split within Islam between Sunni and Shi'a.

5.9 industrial society pt 2 3

Poor houses/workhouse: where people went who were destitute

Islamic world culture (post classical) 7.

Preservation and commentaries on Greek moral and natural philosophy, Aristotle on nature (causation, motion), philosophy (e.g., syllogism)

6.1 Imperial rationales 3

Primary reason was financial exploitation! Second was status!

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 28

Problem was raising expectations; some did benefit but others did not

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 15

Products from distant lands

China part 1 post classical 9.

Provincial and district officials were appointed and of course played a role in governing China.

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 14

Proximity to waterways; access to rivers & canals: some natural, e.g., Erie, canals will be replaced by RR

5.8 industrial changes 10

Prussia an absolute monarchy until 1848; Germany 1870s had universal suffrage Reichstag; then Labor party

scientific rev Early Mod 3.

Psalms 93:1 The Lord reigns; he is robed in majesty; the lord is robed, he is girded with strength. Yea, the world is established; it shall never be moved.

5.8 industrial changes 2

Public schools: Prussia was first, followed by the US, then France and UK; available in UK by end of 1800s; US north started to get free education before the Civil War; the south after

China part 2 post classical 9.

Pure Land Buddhism believes in a future life in heaven somewhat like western religions.

7.1 shifting power after 1900 13

Qing: European intrusion, Taiping, failed self-strengthening, Cixi

Silk Road 3.

Rarely did a single merchant travel the entire distance. Nomads were important either in facilitating or benefiting from or hindering trade.

Silk Road 10.

Religions spread particularly Islam and Buddhism.

3.3 empires beliefs 21

Reminder: Safavid was Shia and Ottoman were Sunni. The most famous battle between them was at Chaldiran in 1514 where the Safavid lost. However the Safavid lasted another 200 years.

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 2.1

Reminder: governments establish power with strong military, competent leaders, prosperous economy, friendly neighbors, cooperative environment, and cultural unity.

scientific rev Early Mod Renaissance 1.

Renaissance idea of empiricism (v. revelation) but Reformation challenged church and traditional thinking

6.6 causes of migration 10

Return: my great-grandparents from AH

Industrial Era Intro Mostly West Industrial late 19th c. 1890 - 2

Revolution and more popular government: American, Latin America(?), French

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 1 5.

Rome began as a republic but then fell to emperors ruling about 50 BC. Rome excelled in engineering. Pax Romana (the peace of Rome) enabled commerce to flow freely. Rome had many slaves and favored written law.

Indian Ocean exchange networks pt 2 9.

Sailors built larger ships for ocean travel but more navigable smaller ones (dhow) for coastal waters. Also important were lateen sails and stern post rudders.

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 24

Sandinista-Contras conflict in Nicaragua 1979 after Castro took Cuba, US determined (often overly aggressively) to make sure no other nation in our hemisphere went communist

Islamic world culture (post classical) 9.

Scholarly and cultural transfers in Muslim and Christian Spain

4.4 empires day 3 - 3

Scholars claim that slaves in Africa were treated differently than European treatment in the new world; not all African peoples practiced slavery.

6.6 causes of migration 22

See the related info on the attached page from Digital History UH (Univ. of Houston), NPR, and Oxford Bibliographies

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 20

Serbia independence in stages late 1800s

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 20

Serbian freedom was obtained gradually in the 19th century from the Ottoman Empire.

Europe post classical pt 2 10.

Significant authors included Aquinas, Dante, and Chaucer. Churches were built with Gothic architecture. New universities presented a mix of science and alchemy. The Renaissance began.

3.3 empires beliefs 22

Sikhism developed in South Asia in a context of interactions between Hinduism and Islam.

4.5 Lecture 1 - Muslim-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean - 5

Since others were mostly land-based empires they did not have navies to resist.

8.5c, 8.6a 24

Six Day war 1967 gained Jerusalem, west bank, Sinai peninsula

4.6 - 9

Slave resistance challenged existing authorities in the Americas.

4.4 empires day 3 - 5

Slave wars: Europeans could side with one group against another,

6.1 Imperial rationales 4

Social Darwinism: define fittest, racial component

Industrial Era Intro Mostly West Early mod 1600 mid 17th c. - 1

Social aristocracy, slavery

4.7 - 6

Some went to E Europe or the Ottoman Empire.

Industrial Era Intro 10

South America: independence and end of slavery

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 25

South Asia: Indian National Congress; Muslim League, WWI

5.8 industrial changes 17

Tanzimat reforms in Ottoman Empire p.643 Stearns 1839-1876 school, P.O., RR, legal changes, constitution; resisted by conservative Islamic leaders

8.1, 8.2a cold war 9

Technological and economic gains experienced during World War II by the victorious nations shifted the global balance of power.

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 15

Territorial gains:

3.2 land based empires 2.1

The Aztec/Mexica practiced human sacrifice to intimidate those they ruled.

Europe post classical pt 1 9.

The Crusades were an attempt to restore Christian rule to the "holy" lands. They were largely unsuccessful.

Sahara lecture, writing (post classical) 1.

The Empire of Mali is roughly in the same location as modern Mali. It replaced Ghana in the 1200s and was itself taken over by the Songhai in the 1400s.

3.2 land based empires 2.8

The Inca (Machu Picchu) also constructed a Temple of the Sun, about 1450, some 400 miles SE of Lima.

4.4 empires -Ming China 3

The Qing also opened also at Canton (both near Hong Kong).

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 21

The UK outlawed slavery1833, France 1848; then US 1863/65; much later in Ottoman

7.2, 7.3 WWI 2

The causes of World War I included imperialist expansion and competition for resources. In addition, territorial and regional conflicts combined with a flawed alliance system and intense nationalism to escalate the tensions into global conflict.

4.3 Columbian Exchange 33

The east brought iron to the west.

4.3 Columbian Exchange 34

The east brought literacy in some cases.

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 22

The end of serfdom (due to enlightenment?) in Russia 1861 but had to pay for it

4.3 Columbian Exchange 27

The environmental impact was huge as farming changed landscapes.

4.6 - 10

The establishment of Maroon societies in the Caribbean and Brazil:

5.6 industrialization state influence 10

The expansion of U.S. and European influence in Asia led to internal reform in Japan that supported industrialization and led to the growing regional power of Japan in the Meiji Era.

4.4 empires day 3 - 1

The expansion of maritime trading networks fostered the growth of states in Africa, including the Asante and the Kingdom of the Kongo, whose participation in trading networks led to an increase in their influence.

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 7

The grievances include statements that the colonists had appealed to the UK parliament and the king but to no avail.

4.4 empires day 5 - 6

The growth of the plantation economy increased the demand for slaves in the Americas, leading to significant demographic, social, and cultural changes.

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 18

The guano industries in Peru and Chile: seabird nesting on Pacific Islands left hundreds of tons of poop, also bat dung;

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 2

The ideas of Enlightenment philosophers, as reflected in revolutionary documents influenced resistance to existing political authority, often in pursuit of independence and democratic ideals.

Islamic world basics, expansion (post classical) 7.

The justification for conquest was loot but also likely some incentive to gain converts. Non-Muslims were required to pay the jizya tax. From 661-750 the Umayyad Caliphate ruled from Damascus.

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 2 5.

The kingdom was divided; prophets (like Isaiah) rebuked Israel for straying from God and promised blessings if they would return.

Americas post classical .2

The main Maya civilization declined before this time but some cities remained. This was the Mayapan, e.g., in the Yucatan region. They constructed ball courts, temples, and cenotes.

4.4 empires day 5 - 10

The majority of slaves were shipped to Brazil and the Caribbean. Only about 5% came to what is now the US.

Europe post classical pt 2 5.

The manorial system organized these classes into self-sufficient villages.

post classical connections 11.

The plague, also known as the black death or the bubonic plague, is believed to have begun in China.

4.7 - 17

The power of existing political and economic elites fluctuated as the elites confronted new challenges to their ability to affect the policies of the increasingly powerful monarchs and leaders. Existing elites:

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 1

The rapid development of steam-powered industrial production in European countries and the U.S. contributed to the increase in these regions' share of global manufacturing during the first Industrial Revolution. While Middle Eastern and Asian countries continued to produce manufactured goods, these regions' share in global manufacturing declined.

5.9 industrial society pt 2 1

The rapid urbanization that accompanied global capitalism at times led to a variety of challenges, including pollution, poverty, increased crime, public health crises, housing shortages, and insufficient infrastructure to accommodate urban growth.

4.4 empires day 2 - Tokugawa Japan 3

The reason was fear of cultural influence and being taken over.

Indian Ocean exchange networks pt 2 6.

The voyages ceased when Confucian scholars got their way. It was costly and the northern border needed defense.

post classical connections 14.

There was a huge decline in population in every place, perhaps as much as 1/3 in Europe.

China part 3 post classical 2.

There were not many slaves.

4.7 - 8

They were regarded as 2nd class citizens so in some situations they were left alone while at other times they were mistreated.

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 7

This type of thinking was promoted by major figures like Locke (natural rights/law, life/liberty/property) and Voltaire (free thought).

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 5

This was a step further than thinking had gone in the Renaissance where an exclusively religious world view expanded to include nature and "non-religious" subjects.

Americas post classical 6.

To train warriors and capture victims for sacrifice, they conducted flower or practice wars with nearby peoples. Conquered peoples paid tribute to the Aztec.

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 19

Totalitarian states mobilizing for war: don't forget Japan

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 7

Transnational businesses: Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC): 1860s, helped development of European colonial activities in Asia; today has some $8 trillion in assets Unilever based in England and the Netherlands and operating in British West Africa and the Belgian Congo: 1885, today's brands Breyer's, Dove, Hellmann's, Lipton, world's largest soap producer

scientific rev Early Mod Renaissance 7.

Vesalius and Harvey 1600s circulation Horrible Histories

5.6 industrialization state influence 7

Weak progress by Ottoman Tanzimat reforms:

5.9 industrial society 5

While women and often children in working class families typically held wage-earning jobs to supplement their families' income, middle-class women who did not have the same economic demands to satisfy were increasingly limited to roles in the household or roles focused on child development.

8.5c, 8.6a 25

Yom Kippur war 1973 Golda Meir was leader, both wars won by Israel

8.5c, 8.6a 21

additional wars with India 1965 ended as stalemate; 1971 resulted in creation of Bangladesh

6.5 imperialism economy 19

an appetite for bananas in US was created when exported from Central America 1870s, cheaper in US than apples; RR builder planted some along his line; government gave him lots of land when they couldn't afford to pay him for the RR

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 4

at times they cooperated (under orders from Stalin), but Jiang Jieshi (Chiang kai-shek) sought to destroy CCP

7.2, 7.3 WWI 23

by 1918 Germany was exhausted and asked for peace terms

Old Stone Age

consisted of nomadic hunter-gatherers

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 20

declined due to reduced supplies and other sources of nitrogen discovered

6.1 Imperial rationales 8

desire to religiously convert indigenous populations: recall Catholic fathers earlier;

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 15

didn't work, death toll 20-50 million; China did acquire nukes in early 1960s

7.1 shifting power after 1900 14

fall of Qing 1911, 40 years of civil war to 1949, communists won

scientific rev Early Mod 1.

geocentric Ptolemy had some church support

7.1 shifting power after 1900 5

handful of nations, about 50 formed UN 1945, now 200

8.5c, 8.6a 3

huge number of deaths with transition (in fact wars) 1947, 1965, 1971

scientific rev Early Mod 5.

immediate direct action of angels and demons causing

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 4

increasing influence of communism and socialists in French government;

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 23

it was a major slave owning state; conquered by UK early 20th c.

6.6 causes of migration 21

look at Freemanpedia

6.1 Imperial rationales 9

modern Protestant missions began with William Carey to S Asia 1790s;

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 12

more consequences: UN, rebuilding, decolonization

8.5c, 8.6a 5

not all who live in Quebec are French speaking; Canada is bi-lingual, 1970 violence (bombing, kidnap/murder), 1980 referendum "no" 60%; 1995 referendum "no" 50.5 to 49.5

8.5c, 8.6a 9

part of conflict had to do with which leader(s) would rule, late 1960s,

7.2, 7.3 WWI 18

primarily a European war: western front Germany v. UK, France; eastern front Germany v. Russia

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 4

reasons they wanted out: did not want to contribute to global tension, could get aid from both,

8.5c, 8.6a 11

result was famine, millions? died, many refugees

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 3

the UK as in many other countries abandoned the gold standard

4.3 Columbian Exchange 8

the diffusion of disease from east to west had devastatingly destructive impact on Native American lives

8.5c, 8.6a 16

then Khmer Rouge, then 1979-93 controlled by Vietnam puppet government

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 6

those involved: amazingly China, Cuba (both are communists)

4.3 Columbian Exchange 25

tobacco, a western plant, was grown often with slave labor and shipped to east

scientific rev Early Mod 4.

two separate vein and artery systems Galen

4.3 Columbian Exchange 21

western animals such as the turkey did not have as big an impact on the east

5.9 industrial society pt 2 11

plague hit China and India in late 19th c. killing 12 million

4.3 Columbian Exchange 9

populations of Native Americans is hard to know but estimates say that up to 90% of people may have died

4.3 Columbian Exchange 24

potatoes, tomatoes, peanuts, sweet potatoes, cocoa, corn came from west to east

8.1, 8.2a cold war 24

how/why it ended: Russian in economic trouble, pressure from west, dissidents within

8.5c, 8.6a 18

http://www.sc4geography.net/hunckler/internetclass/SouthAsia/independence.html

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 16

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate#/media/File:Map_of_league_of_nations_mandate.png

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 28

https://www.rediff.com/news/special/quit-india-75-years-on-timeline-1885-to-1947/20170809.htm

7.2, 7.3 WWI 15

huge armies/draft, huge industry, rationing, dead (over 2x Napoleonic wars), shell shock

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 12

conventional and atomic weapons destroyed Japan

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 2

cost made it necessary for governments to sponsor (some private $), 3 G's, spice trade, get around Ottoman, Byzantine gone, 100 years' war over, nations coalesced (Ferdinand, Isabella) Vikings crossed Atlantic 1000

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 16

huge intrusion/harvesting in these places had negative impact on environment and indigenous way of life; rubber trees used but not replaced; UK developed plantations in Asia

Europe post classical pt 1 4.

in terms of humanity: made in the image of God; fallen (separated from God); body/soul; angels, demons, Satan

6.7 migration effects 7

input from my sister (an immigration lawyer) about the present (context): basically 2 types immigration...permanent and temporary... a couple dozen temporary categories... 3 permanent categories... employment or family or fear based... all have different quotas... all types have exclusions...mostly for crimes and health... also per country limits... (source: migration policy)

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 9

just about all of Latin America, distinguish members and observers

7.1 shifting power after 1900 23

one party: PRI; more land for peasants/labor opportunities

6.2 state expansion 14

others Germany Cameroon, Namibia, Tanzania; Portugal Angola, Mozambique; Spanish Sahara 1884; Italy E Africa

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 24

overruled by central government, pushed again more successfully by 1970; see also Green Revolution

Americas post classical 9.

Although they did not have a writing system, they created quipu's for recording numbers. The Inca built roads and bridges across difficult terrain. They also learned to farm at various altitudes.

4.3 Columbian Exchange 3

American foods became staple crops in various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Cash crops were grown primarily on plantations with coerced labor and were exported mostly to Europe and the Middle East.

Industrial Era Intro 8

Europe: nationalism, imperialism, industrialization (urbanization, invention, democracy, social equality (and economic middle class), diluted Christianity

4.3 Columbian Exchange 2

European colonization of the Americas led to the unintentional transfer of disease vectors, including mosquitoes and rats, and the spread of diseases that were endemic in the Eastern Hemisphere, including smallpox, measles, and malaria. Some of these diseases substantially reduced the indigenous populations, with catastrophic effects in many areas.

4.7 - 25

European nobility: a significant shift from feudalism. Merchants gained more power; nobles inherited estates.

3.2 land based empires 2.10

European palaces, such as the French Versailles 15 miles SW of Paris. It had 700,000 square feet of room (covering 15 acres) on about 2000 acres of land. The hall of mirrors had 350 mirrors (240 by 35 feet). The cost for the whole complex was perhaps $2 billion.

4.5 Lecture 2 - 9

Europeans also processed linen which is made from fibers from the flax plant.

4.5 Lecture 1 - Muslim-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean - 4

Europeans could have purchased items with gold/silver but preferred to force others to pay them to trade.

4.4 empires 3

Europeans established new trading posts in Africa and Asia, which proved profitable for the rulers and merchants involved in new global trade networks. Some Asian states sought to limit the disruptive economic and cultural effects of European-dominated long-distance trade by adopting restrictive or isolationist trade policies.

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 2

Europeans established settler colonies in some parts of their empires. THE FIRST TYPE WAS TROPICAL DEPENDENCIES WHERE JUST A FEW EUROPEANS RULED THROUGH HIRED LOCALS Settler colonies established in empires:

3.2 land based empires 2.2

Europeans generally taught divine right of kings i.e., absolutism from God

4.5 Lecture 1 - Muslim-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean - 2

Europeans had nothing of real value to trade, so they instead used guns to control the trade.

4.5 empires day 4 - 3

Europeans practiced later marriage with more emphasis on the nuclear family. Non-rural parents sought lower birth rates, and there was more devotion to children.

4.5 Lecture 1 - Muslim-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean - 6

Europeans taxed others' trade or insisted others buy and sell only with them.

4.5 - Diffusion of Catholicism to Americas - 6

"At this place [Tepeyac], [the Indians] had a temple dedicated to the mother of the gods, whom they called Tonantzin, which means Our Mother. There they performed many sacrifices in honor of this goddess ... And now that a church of Our Lady of Guadalupe is built there, they also called her Tonantzin, being motivated by those preachers who called Our Lady, the Mother of God, Tonantzin. While it is not known for certain where the beginning of Tonantzin may have originated, but this we know for certain, that, from its first usage, the word refers to the ancient Tonantzin. And it was viewed as something that should be remedied, for their having [native] name of the Mother of God, Holy Mary, instead of Tonantzin, but Dios inantzin. It appears to be a Satanic invention to cloak idolatry under the confusion of this name, Tonantzin."

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 7

"Populist [more government control] typically aligns with Conservatives on social issues and with Liberals on fiscal/monetary issues-or economic equality issues. Populists generally support a significant governmental role in providing greater economic equality through social welfare programs, often favoring economic regulation of business. Populists are sometimes called social conservatives because they have similar views on issues such as abortion and marriage." same source as graphic, see below

4.5 Lecture 2 - 14

1300s to present for some European countries https://ourworldindata.org/employment-in-agriculture

6.7 migration effects 5

2nd wave: Catholic, S and E European, many non-English speaking, beginning with Irish in 1840s

Industrial Era Intro 4

3 "I's" independence, industrialization, imperialism; key concepts add 4th migration (immigration)

8.1, 8.2a cold war 20

50s Korean war, Eisenhower, Khrushchev, US put God in pledge/money; Sputnik Ethel Rosenberg

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 1

6.2 state expansion continued; consider Bismarck

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 1

6.3b Indigenous Responses to State Expansion; consider Queen Victoria

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 11

6.4 Global Economic Development; consider Florence Nightingale

8.1, 8.2a cold war 21

60s JFK/LBJ, Cuban Missile Crisis, Sino-Soviet split, space race, Vietnam war

7.1 shifting power after 1900 12

70 years of far greater destruction (but industrialized) will say more about this in cold war

8.1, 8.2a cold war 22

70s détente, Nixon, Brezhnev, China into UN, end Vietnam war, Carter

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 19

Access to foreign resources: first trade, then UK empire

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 20

Accumulation of capital: from foreign trade, new world silver

Islamic world culture (post classical) 3.

Advances in literature ('A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah), also translations, commentaries on others' works

Islamic world culture (post classical) 2.

Advances in mathematics (Nasir al-Din al-Tusi), algebra; use of Arabic numerals

Islamic world culture (post classical) 4.

Advances in medicine, especially optics

Industrial Era Intro 2

Africa: end of slave trade, European imperialism

4.3 Columbian Exchange 22

African foods like okra, rice, bananas, watermelon, black-eyed peas enhanced western diets

4.3 Columbian Exchange 13

African slaves were brought in large numbers to the west to work sugar plantations

4.3 Columbian Exchange 14

Africans came primarily to Brazil and the Caribbean

4.3 Columbian Exchange 4

Afro-Eurasian fruit trees, grains, sugar, and domesticated animals were brought by Europeans to the Americas, while other foods were brought by African slaves.

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 4

Aircraft carriers: battles fought over hundreds miles of ocean

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 21

Albania struggled for independence in the 19th century and gained it in the early 20th c. from the Ottoman Empire.

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 1 4.

Alexander the Great conquered much of the middle east in the 300s but his empire split when he died young. He attempted to blend several cultures (Hellenism).

4.3 Columbian Exchange 11

Alfred Crosby 1972 UT Austin argued this, in contrast to prior view that Europeans came over and intentionally slaughtered everyone

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 19

Algeria from the French empire 1954-62

7.2, 7.3 WWI 4

Alliances: original sides Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary v. Russia, France, UK; danger of being dragged into conflict

4.4 empires day 4 - 2

Along the Swahili coast, Arabs dominated in the late 1400s especially in Kilwa. Then Portugal took over followed by the Omani. Other cities were also important such as Mombasa, Zanzibar, Mogadishu.

S/SE Asia post classical 8.

Also in S Asia was the Sinhala dynasties (Buddhist) in what is now Sri Lanka.

S/SE Asia post classical 10.

Also in SE Asia were the Khmer Empire and Majapahit (both Buddhist and Hindu).

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 6

Amerigo Vespucci d.1512 Italian (traveled with Portugal and Spain voyages) Americas named for him

4.6 - 6

Ana Nzinga's resistance (as ruler of Ndongo and Matamba); early 1600s against Portugal, famous story of her sitting on assistant

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 23

Angolan Civil War 1975-2002 once these nations gain independence, there is often (sadly) civil war, US and Russia took sides to gain allies, note it continued long after the cold war "ended"

Mongols part 2 9.

Arabic numerals would have diffused easily around the Mongol periphery.

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 15

Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during and after World War I: centuries of religious conflict; deaths also before WWI, 1.5 million died; reasons why are disputed, movie The Promise

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 2

As a result of internal tension and Japanese aggression, Chinese communists seized power. These changes in China eventually led to communist revolution.

4.5 Lecture 2 - 13

As cities grew, and more people did non-farm labor, there was a need to supply/buy food at markets.

Industrial Era Intro 7

Australia: colonization

6.6 causes of migration 4

Because of the nature of new modes of transportation, both internal and external migrants increasingly relocated to cities. This pattern contributed to the significant global urbanization of the 19th century. The new methods of transportation also allowed for many migrants to return, periodically or permanently, to their home societies. Return of migrants:

6.6 causes of migration 20

Between 1830 and 1920, about 1.5 million indentured laborers were recruited from India, one million from Japan, and half a million from China. Tens of thousands of free Africans and Pacific Islanders also served as indentured workers. From Digital History

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 14

Between the two world wars, Western and Japanese imperial states predominantly maintained control over colonial holdings; in some cases, they gained additional territories through conquest or treaty settlement and in other cases faced anti-imperial resistance.

6.5 imperialism economy 2

Britain and France expanding their influence in China through the Opium Wars: see below

6.2 state expansion 11

Britain in West Africa: Gambia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria from early 19th c.

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 1 7.

Buddhism began in South Asia about 500 BC. India was governed by the Maurya in the BC days. Emperor Ashoka became a Buddhist and promoted peace.

S/SE Asia post classical 2.

Buddhism: Theravada was the original faith, begun about 500 BC. The Buddha (enlightened one) encountered "four sights" that led him to a religious experience from which he taught the "four noble truths" and the "eight-fold path" leading to Nirvana. It was a stricter version of Buddhism that spread to S and SE Asia; it also used the three baskets of scriptures, and three gems (Buddha, dharma, sangha).

Africa lecture, writing (post classical) 8.

By the 1200s Islam was making its way into this region. They had access to trade with neighboring societies as well as trans-Sahara commerce.

China part 1 post classical 4.

By the time of the Song dynasty 900s-1200s, the majority of bureaucrats had passed the Confucian exams, but some still obtained their positions due to inheritance or nepotism.

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 9

CCP gradually won hearts and minds of peasants while GMD base was in cities

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 5

Cabral to Brazil 1500, Treaty of Tordesillas 1490s left Portugal free in Asia

4.4 empires 8

Calicut was toward the S on the W coast.

3.3 empires beliefs 2

Catholic scholars today admit that by the 1500s the church had weakened through impotence in the plague 1300s, schisms 1400s, as well as moral failures.

3.3 empires beliefs 15

Catholics started a Counter Reformation to clarify their teachings and bring Protestants back into their faith. The Council of Trent urged an end to corruption and excesses, and for spiritual purification.

China part 3 post classical 6.

Champa rice from Vietnam greatly increased harvests.

5.8 industrial changes 9

Chartism 1830s from the 1838 Charter: millions signed petitions, mass meetings, 6 point charter (vote, secret ballot, no property qualification, equal districts, paid MP's, annual elections); UK Labour Party 1900

4.5 Lecture 2 - 11

China raised silk worms and mulberry trees, and converted cocoons to thread and cloth.

China part 3 post classical 4.

China should be credited for creating the 7 "p's": poetry, painting, porcelain, printing, paper money, compass, gunpowder (the last two don't begin with "p" but the 2nd syllable does).

China part 3 post classical 3.

China's desire for commerce meant that, in practice, merchants were more accepted.

China part 3 post classical 1.

China's theoretical hierarchy consisted of scholars at the top, then predominantly farmers (commended by Confucianism), then artisans, then merchants, and then mean people.

Americas post classical 7.

Chinampas or islands of built up land were created in marshy areas so that multiple crops per year of corn, beans, and squash could be harvested.

6.7 migration effects 18

Chinese Exclusion Act 1880s: fear of economic competition, time of racism

6.6 causes of migration 18

Chinese and Indian indentured servitude: often to replace outlawed slavery, to help build industrial infrastructures

6.7 migration effects 11

Chinese in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South America, and North America: helped build RR

China part 2 post classical 5.

Chinese literary and scholarly traditions spread to Heian Japan, Vietnam, and Korea. This was called Sinification and happened mostly before the 1200s.

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 19

Chinese poured in nearly wiping US out

Indian Ocean exchange networks post classical 7.

City-states along the Swahili Coast had interaction between Islam and African peoples: Kilwa, Mombasa, Mogadishu, and Zanzibar. They traded Bantu products from the interior (slaves, food, ivory, gold) for items available on the ocean.

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 2

Code use and code breaking were key to victory

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 22

Colon/pied noir/OAS; Harkis

8.1, 8.2a cold war 3

Colonial leaders believed that helping the great powers during WWI would lead to independence.

China part 2 post classical 1.

Confucius lived about 500 BC and taught family and government roles/order. His work, the Analects, was collated with other religious documents. Exams based on Confucian teaching to obtain government positions began in the Han dynasty.

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 1 9.

Confucius lived about 500 BC. The Qin dynasty ruled China briefly (built the Great Wall) about 200 BC followed by 400 years of the Han dynasty. Confucius had a low view of merchants.

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 10

Consequences: war crimes trials, cold war

post classical connections 5.

Constantinople had for centuries been a thriving commercial city, but it declined due to increasing pressure from the Ottoman Empire.

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 4

Constitution 1791 no rights for women; Olympe executed 1793 for her writing

4.6 - 4

Cossack revolts e.g., 1670 leader Razin, serfs fled masters and joined/identified with Cossacks on frontier, between Moscow and Caspian Sea, crushed

6.5 imperialism economy 15

Cotton grown in South Asia and Egypt and exported to Great Britain and other European countries

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 14

Cotton production in Egypt: Muhammad Ali early 1800s effort to industrialize, not only produce cotton but convert it to textiles, huge price increase during US civil war

5.6 industrialization state influence 9

Country 1881-1885 1896-1900 1913 United States 28.6 30.1 35.8 United Kingdom 26.6 19.5 14.0 Germany 13.9 16.6 15.7 France 8.6 7.1 6.4 Russia 3.4 5.0 5.3

5.9 industrial society pt 2 4

Crammed into tenements (define) with high rent, bad conditions

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 16

Cultural Revolution late 1960s: Mao's attempt to purge non-communist ideas/people, let Red Guards (mostly students) run wild in accusing many

6.1 Imperial rationales 10

David Livingstone 1813-1873 Stanley, "Dr. Livingstone I presume" (doctor, explorer, abolitionist, missionary);

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 2

Decline of Middle Eastern and Asian share in global manufacturing: Shipbuilding in India and Southeast Asia; Iron works in India; Textile production in India and Egypt: forced on India, effort by Muhammad Ali to make Egypt industrial

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 1

Demands for women's suffrage and an emergent feminism challenged political and gender hierarchies.

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 17

Direct resistance: Túpac Amaru II's unsuccessful rebellion in Peru 1780s, Samory Touré's failred military battles in West Africa 1880s-90s between Guinea and Ivory Coast against French, Queen Yaa Asantewaa War in West Africa 1900 Ghana; some success but UK eventually took power in 20th c., failed 1857 Sepoy rebellion in India

5.8 industrial changes 12

Discontent with established power structures encouraged the development of various ideologies, including those espoused by Karl Marx, and the ideas of socialism and communism.

5.2 Revolution 2

Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule encouraged the development of systems of government and various ideologies, including democracy and 19th-century liberalism.

5.2 Revolution 8

Distance was one of England's biggest hurdles as they had to supply an army across the Atlantic.

Silk Road 9.

Distances were enormous. The silk road connected China, India, Persia/Europe. It was about 7000 miles from east to west, or 4000 miles from Nanjing to Baghdad and another 3000 miles from Venice to Baghdad. It took Marco Polo 3 years to get from Europe to China (flying time today is 10 hours).

4.3 Columbian Exchange 5

Domesticated animals: Horses, Pigs, Cattle; Foods brought by African slaves: Okra, Rice

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 12

Dutch early 1600s New Netherland, New Amsterdam "bought" NY for $24; 1595 first expedition to East Indies; early 1600s Hudson sailed for England: Hudson River, then for Dutch: Hudson Bay Company (joke: HBC here before Christ)

scientific rev Early Mod 2.

Ecclesiastes 1:5 The sun rises and the sun goes down, and hastens to the place where it rises.

4.4 empires day 4 - 11

Encomienda was control of a specific region including its inhabitants, originally for conquistadores, and was later outlawed.

4.4 empires day 2 - 6

England (later British/UK) colonized north America and south Asia.

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 3.4

England defeated the Spanish armada (Catholic v. Anglican) 1588. The Thirty Years' War 1618-1648 began as an intra-Christian conflict. The English civil war mid 1600s (Puritan v. Anglican) killed the king, and a non-royal person ruled for ten years.

3.2 land based empires 2.3

England reduced the power of the king through the Glorious Revolution that gave Parliament higher authority.

3.2 land based empires 1.4

England relied on local sheriffs and justices of the peace. France used intendants or supervisors; Louis XIV rule was very centralized, keeping nobility near the king. Power was held by bureaucratic leaders like Richelieu.

Industrial Era Intro Mostly West Industrial late 19th c. 1890 - 4

Enlightenment; entertainment, evolution theory/Bible challenged; below E could be C

5.9 industrial society pt 2 9

Epidemics: at least 5 global cholera outbreaks (bacteria); despite availability of vaccine for smallpox (virus), 400,000 Europeans died annually

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 18

Establishment of independent states in the Balkans: Greece 1832 after 1820s war, obtained via UK/French/Russian help

Africa lecture, writing (post classical) 4.

Ethiopia managed to maintain its Christian heritage despite Muslim proximity. Rock-hewn churches were built just prior to this period. The Solomonic dynasty replaced the Zagwe dynasty about 1270. It claimed its leaders were descendants of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba (1 Kings 10).

6.5 imperialism economy 11

Europe and US invested $ in loans to build Latin American infrastructure

6.5 imperialism economy 21

Europe and US sold manufactured products to Latin America

8.1, 8.2a cold war 11

Europe had been center of power: mostly UK, France, Germany

4.3 Columbian Exchange 18

European and African religions interacted with Native American religions, syncretism

4.4 empires day 3 - 6

Europeans traded firearms for slaves leading to greater violence; while alcoholic drinks were available before the arrival of Europeans, alcohol as a traded item could lead to greater brutality in Africa

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 3.5

France and England were constantly at war (late 1600s to early 1800s). The War of Spanish succession (early 1700s) was fought over who would rule Spain when the king died without an heir.

4.5 - Catholic missionaries to Asia - 3

Francis Xavier went to India 1542, then to SE Asia 1545, and Japan 1549.

6.5 imperialism economy 9

French Indochina looks like no major export, just taxing/controlling internal trade (beginning mid to late 1800s); Siam (later Thailand remained free)

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 17

French West Africa: late 19th c. to 1958, began to disassemble, was 8 colonies, now Mali, Mauritania, Benin, Niger, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Senegal

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 13

French early 1500s Cartier claimed Canada (New France), 1600s Marquette and LaSalle Ohio and MS valleys, named Louisiana, even claimed TX

6.2 state expansion 13

French in West Africa intrusion mid 1800s; 1895 first governor

4.6 - 3

Fronde ("sling" used to break windows) attempt 1648-53 by French nobles against Louis XIV b.1638, r.1643-1715 (actually against Mazarin and his mother as regent as they increased taxes), fled Paris twice, led to absolutism

4.7 - 9

G.E. Von Grunebaum Ph.D. Vienna and US prof said, "It would not be difficult to put together the names of a very sizeable number of Jewish subjects or citizens of the Islamic area who have attained to high rank, to power, to great financial influence, to significant and recognized intellectual attainment; and the same could be done for Christians. But it would again not be difficult to compile a lengthy list of persecutions, arbitrary confiscations, attempted forced conversions, or pogroms." (wiki)

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 18

Governments used ideologies, including fascism and communism to mobilize all of their state's resources for war and, in the case of totalitarian states, to repress basic freedoms and dominate many aspects of daily life during the course of the conflicts and beyond.

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 1 3.

Greece consisted of city-states, the most famous being Athens and Sparta. Athens was an early form of democracy. Philosophers like Socrates lived in Athens; drama, mythology, and science were also strong.

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 2.6

Groups of people within the Ottoman Empire were allowed to run their own affairs (millet system). Sultans adopted the cage system where rivals for the throne were confined under house arrest until needed to serve.

4.4 empires day 4 - 4

Gujarat was along the upper west coast of south Asia with 2 major gulfs. It was independent before Portugal arrived and was later conquered by the Mughal.

post classical connections 3.

Gunpowder and paper crossed from China to Europe by way of the Silk Road, Muslims and Mongols.

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 1.1

Gunpowder originated in China well before 1450. Settled peoples became able to fend off nomads. Huge Ottoman cannon defeated Constantinople.

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 1.2

Guns helped end feudalism in Europe as kings had armies that needed fewer knights. Russia used them to expand trade to the Baltic and toward the Black Sea.

4.3 Columbian Exchange 32

Guns, Germs, and Steel hypothesis: lack of connection in the Americas limited their development

scientific rev Early Mod Renaissance 2.

Gutenberg, cannon: origin China, ended feudalism, gunpowder empires

6.5 imperialism economy 6

Hawaii: pineapple (really 20th c.), sugar was grown by 2nd gen Americans, gave them political leverage (annexed by US 1898)

Islamic world culture (post classical) 8.

History by people like Ibn Khaldun, North Africa 1300s

Europe post classical pt 1 6.

History: By 1200 Europe was predominantly "Christian" but not entirely. Some Jews lived there as scholars and engaged in prosperous business. Many Jews migrated to eastern Europe due to persecution. Muslims lived in Spain and dominated SE Europe; a state of war existed between the two sides in both places.

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 4

Ho Chi Minh in French Indochina (Vietnam): French colony from 19th c, Japan took it WWII; French wanted it back, Vietnam said no

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 20

Holocaust of Jews: Hitler's anti-Semitism; 6 million killed plus others

4.7 Restrictive policies against Han Chinese in Qing China - 3

Hundreds of thousands were killed for resisting as hair was seen as divine gift.

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 17

Improved agricultural productivity: probably first, livestock breeding, crop rotation, new world foods

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 2.2

In 1644 the Manchu/Qing conquered the Ming who had ruled China since 1368. Under the Ming the population doubled but weak emperors were common. They imposed a "single whip silver system," built the Forbidden City, and sent Zheng He on his expeditions.

4.7 - 13

In China with the transition to the Qing Dynasty: The Manchu/Qing tended to leave Han Chinese culture in place.

3.3 empires beliefs 8

In England Henry VIII d.1547 separated from the Catholic church for personal reasons. This led to the Church of England (Anglican; later Episcopal in the US).

3.3 empires beliefs 17

In France the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre killed thousands of Protestant Huguenots. Thirty Years' War 1618-1648 (where populations declined so much that wolves roamed freely in some places) finally led to some peace between the two sides.

Americas post classical 5.

In central Mexico, the Aztecs created an empire with a capital city called Tenochtitlan. They did have some writing and practiced human sacrifice to appease the gods and dominate their conquered peoples.

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 13

In communist China, the government controlled the national economy through the Great Leap Forward, often implementing repressive policies, with negative repercussions for the population.

4.5 - 1

In some cases, the increase and intensification of interactions between newly connected hemispheres expanded the reach and furthered development of existing religions, and contributed to religious conflicts and the development of syncretic belief systems and practices.

6.7 migration effects 10

In some ways they adopted the new culture; also the new culture often picked up immigrants' culture: foods, dress, language (words such as lingerie F, kindergarten G, macho S, gung-ho C)

Africa lecture, writing (post classical) 9.

In south central Africa, the Great Zimbabwe kingdom was thriving in the late post-classical era. Scholars are still working to discover more information about it.

4.7 - 16

In the middle were mestizo (European/Native American) and mulatto (African/European). At the bottom were Native Americans and African slaves.

Europe post classical pt 2 6.

In the second half of the post-classical era the economy revived. Cities grew.

post classical connections 13.

In the west it gradually spread from SW Asia to southern Europe and to northern Europe in the mid 1300s.

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 6

Increasing discontent with imperial rule led to rebellions, some of which were influenced by religious ideas. Rebellions:

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 15

Increasing questions about political authority and growing nationalism contributed to anticolonial movements.

4.4 empires day 4 - 10

Indentured servants were mostly Europeans bound to labor for a specified time period.

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 18

Independence through armed struggle:

River Valley Civilizations 7.

India (really South Asia near the Indus River) consisted of city-states. Its writing has not been translated.

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 15

India [actually S Asia] from the British Empire 1947, negotiated with a lot of pain and violence

4.5 Lecture 2 - 10

India raised cotton (other places did also), converted it to thread and wove the cloth by hand.

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 27

India's WWII participation, Quit India protests, partition 1947

4.4 empires 2

Indian Ocean Asian merchants: § Swahili Arabs § Omanis § Gujaratis § Javanese

6.7 migration effects 12

Indians in East and Southern Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia: intentionally set apart in S Africa by government; "coloreds" are mixed race, see wiki map

4.5 empires day 4 - 8

Indigenous Song and Dance: Enslaved Africans were forced to substitute drums with hand clapping and feet tapping because slave "masters" banned drums in several African communities after learning they could be used as an obscure form of communication. As a result, rhythmic song and dance became a major component of the New World culture, including shuffles, breakdowns, jigs and the strut accompanied by drum-less beats using their hands or feet. Two of the most notable music forms created by enslaved Africans are spirituals and the blues; both are generational blueprints within the religious melodies found in the African-American communities."

4.3 Columbian Exchange 31

Interplay of ethnic groups produced mixture of progeny; mostly European men taking Native American and sometimes African women.

6.6 causes of migration 14

Irish to the United States: potato famine 1840s, million died, million came to US; Elsie's family

Unit 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed - 5

It often led to smuggling, or (note: this example is from 1770s or just beyond our early modern time period of 1450-1750) Boston Tea Party.

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 23

It was accompanied by a push for modernization, but the government resisted and held on to power until the end of WWI.

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 3

It was caused in part by the scientific revolution, absolutism and church conflicts, and occurred predominantly in the West.

post classical connections 12.

It was likely diffused by Pax Mongolica west to Europe. The probable carriers were rats/fleas/bacteria.

Mongols part 2 5.

It was said that a girl with a piece of gold on her head could walk from Europe to the Pacific without being touched!

6.6 causes of migration 7

Italian industrial workers in Argentina: ¼ to ½ of Argentina has Italian heritage

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 18

Italian unification of several kingdoms (Sardinia, Sicily, Papal States) was declared in 1861 although some provinces had not yet been annexed.

6.7 migration effects 14

Italians in North and South America

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 21

Italy conquered Ethiopia 1930s

3.2 land based empires 1.5

Ivan IV (the Terrible) had his oprichnina/police that reduced boyar power. Peter employed provincial officials rather than decentralized lords.

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 15

Jamestown 1st permanent English settlement in what is now the US 1607; John Smith 1608, Pocahontas

5.9 industrial society 8

Jane Austen: her father was church rector, some of her characters are wealthy Emma (tries to play match-maker 1996 trailer); others more moderate status Pride and Prejudice (5 daughters 2005 trailer)

5.6 industrialization state influence 14

Japan adopted Western education.

5.6 industrialization state influence 15

Japan created Zaibatsu: monopolies

5.6 industrialization state influence 13

Japan created a national bank.

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 8

Japan invaded China but China held on 1937

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 18

Japan invaded Manchuria 1931, gradual increasing intrusion; creation of puppet state of Manchukuo; Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 9

Japan invaded SE Asia; attacked US (Pearl Harbor)

5.6 industrialization state influence 12

Japan sent emissaries to the west and brought in experts in order to modernize.

4.4 empires day 2 - Tokugawa Japan 1

Japan was open and then shut.

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 13

Japan: 1st Sino-Japanese war 1890s plus Triple Intervention

6.2 state expansion 9

Japan: trade treaty with Korea 1870s, participation in repressing Boxer revolt; gradual intrusion into Taiwan after 1st Sino-Japanese War 1890s

6.6 causes of migration 5

Japanese agricultural workers in the Pacific: many to Hawaii, did they replace workers banned by Chinese Exclusion Act?

4.1 TECH INNOVATIONS

Knowledge, scientific learning, and technology from the Classical, Islamic, and Asian worlds spread, facilitating European technological developments and innovation. European technological developments influenced by cross-cultural interactions with the Classical, Islamic, and Asian worlds: Lateen sail ISLAMIC; Compass CHINA

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 14

Korean War 1950-53

Mongols part 1 5.

Kublai Khan (Genghis Khan's grandson) conquered China and established the Yuan dynasty. It lasted until 1368 when the Ming took over.

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 11

Kwame Nkrumah in British Gold Coast (Ghana)

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 3

Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana r.1960-66 leaned far more to Russia; less significant nation

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 7

LBJ introduced ground troops 1965, increased to ½ m. by 1969

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 26

Land Reforms Program and Abolishing "Feudalism": The government bought the land during the Iranian Land Reform from the feudal landlords at what was considered to be a fair price and sold it to the peasants at 30% below the market value, with the loan being payable over 25 years at very low interest rates. This made it possible for 1.5 million peasant families, who had once been little more than slaves, to own the lands that they had been cultivating all their lives. Given that the average size of a peasant family was 5, the land reforms program brought freedom to approximately 9 million people, or 40% of Iran's population.

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 23

Land reform in Kerala and other states within India: late 50s Marxist governor pushed radical changes like limiting how much land a person could own and giving the rest to small farmers

6.5 imperialism economy 18

Latin American exports of bananas, coffee from Central America; tobacco, sugar from Cuba

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 1 6.

Latin was the foundation of many modern languages. Christianity began at this time. Rome only partially fell as the Byzantine Empire continued another 1000 years until 1453.

6.6 causes of migration 6

Lebanese merchants in the Americas

scientific rev Early Mod Renaissance 10.

Leeuwenhoek microscope 1700

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 18

Legal protection of private property: mostly western, also free market, work ethic? democracy?

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 9

Lenin d.1924, civil war (US and others intruded)

5.2 Revolution 3

Liberalism then is the opposite of today. Conservatives then wanted more control; today conservatives call for more freedom. Liberals today advocate more government.

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 14

Light bulb 1879 by Edison; think about what this would do to the working world

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 7

Like others, Wollstonecraft advocated for the right to education.

6.1 Imperial rationales 11

Lottie Moon 1840-1912 China (teacher, missionary)

4.7 - 27

Louis XIV dominated nobles. The nobility system remained a long time e.g., UK House of Lords (church leaders and noblemen).

4.4 empires 10

Macao was on the China coast across the bay from what is now Hong Kong.

7.2, 7.3 WWI 17

Machine guns, subs, gas, planes, tanks, communications

Industrial Era Intro Mostly West Industrial late 19th c. 1890 - 5

Machines, transportation, communication, medicine, repeating firearms, mechanized agriculture, more middle class

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 10

Magellan 1519-22 first around the world expedition Over the Edge of the World

China part 2 post classical 7.

Mahayana Buddhism is a larger entity. There are more opportunities for the average person and is found more in E Asia. This would be called Zen with a focus on meditation.

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 9

Mahdist (messiah) wars in Sudan, Muhammad Ahmad: 1880s-90s UK lost at Khartoum 1000 miles south of Cairo, 1885 (Gordon)

4.4 empires 9

Malacca controlled the strait between Sumatra and Malaysia.

Sahara lecture, writing (post classical) 3.

Mali grew rich by taxing trade. Gold from the south was traded for salt from the north.

4.4 empires day 4 - 15

Many Native Americans also worked in free labor situations.

6.6 causes of migration 13

Many individuals chose freely to relocate, often in search of work. Migrants:

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 15

Maori nationalism and the New Zealand wars in New Zealand: defeated mid 1800s and then became a part of the UK empire.

4.6 - 5

Maratha conflict with Mughals: began 1680 with Aurangzeb expansion, Maratha (central India) successful, even defeated UK late 1700s

post classical connections 8.

Marco Polo crossed the Silk Road from Italy to China in the late 1200s. He spent several decades in the court of Kublai Khan (Yuan dynasty) and returned by sea to Europe.

post classical connections 10.

Margery Kempe in the early 1400s traveled from England to Rome and Jerusalem. She recorded her religious experiences.

3.3 empires beliefs 4

Martin Luther d.1546, a Catholic monk, believed that the church had strayed from the Bible in several ways. He sought to bring the church back to its origins. The church resisted and condemned Luther.

5.8 industrial changes 14

Marx 1848 Communist Manifesto; why was this theory popular?

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 5

Mary Wollstonecraft's 1759-1797 UK, (died in childbirth, her daughter authored Frankenstein)

Unit 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed - 3

Mercantilism: government and business working together (monopolies) to produce gold/silver profit for mother country by controlling colonial trade (merchandise).

Unit 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed - 2

Mercantilist policies and practices were used by European rulers to expand and control their economies and claim overseas territories. Joint-stock companies, influenced by these mercantilist principles, were used by rulers and merchants to finance exploration and were used by rulers to compete against one another in global trade.

Silk Road 7.

Merchants needed places to stay in the vast wilderness so caravanserai were built. Like the pony express, at minimum there were wells, a roof, and walls for protection.

Americas post classical 4.

Mesa Verde in SW CO and Chaco in NW NM, possibly ended due to drought. They consisted of 10s of 1000s in population at some point. These people were cliff dwellers, using kiva for religious activities.

River Valley Civilizations 3.

Mesopotamia (Tigris Euphrates River) invented the wheel and one of the earliest forms of writing (cuneiform).

4.6 - 7

Metacom's War (King Philip's War): prior generation friendly with Pilgrims

7.1 shifting power after 1900 19

Mexican Revolution: 100 years after independence, Diaz dictator, most very poor

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 10

Mexican War 1846-1848, Spanish American War 1898

6.5 imperialism economy 10

Mexico neocolonialism: first UK, later US

6.7 migration effects 2

Migrants tended to be male, leaving women to take on new roles in the home society that had been formerly occupied by men.

6.6 causes of migration 2

Migration in many cases was influenced by changes in demographics in both industrialized and unindustrialized societies that presented challenges to existing patterns of living.

7.2, 7.3 WWI 3

Militarism: most nations were spending huge amounts on weapons; in some cases the armies were influencing political decisions

post classical connections 6.

Ming China established Beijing as a capital and built the Forbidden City as a palace for the emperor.

Indian Ocean exchange networks pt 2 1.

Ming China sent seven expeditions 1405-33. Yongle was the 3rd emperor 1402-24 and main sponsor.

3.2 land based empires 2.9

Mughal mausolea and mosques: The Taj Mahal in N central India was completed 1640. It consisted of a 40-acre garden and cost up to $1 billion. It is 240 feet high; the main building is 180 feet on each side

Islamic world basics, expansion (post classical) 1.

Muhammad (Arabia late 500s, early 600s) claimed revelation from Allah that became the Koran/Quran. He moved from Mecca where he was a spiritual leader to Medina (622) and became a political and military leader.

5.6 industrialization state influence 2

Muhammad Ali's development of a cotton textile industry in Egypt: difficulty of competing with west, he didn't last long enough in power

8.5c, 8.6a 2

Muslim League in British India: at first worked together with INC but then advocated for separate nation Pakistan

Sahara lecture, writing (post classical) 7.

Muslim merchants crossed bringing their faith. Islamization of N Africa drove increase in trade but it was difficult for N Africa to project power across the desert.

Sahara lecture, writing (post classical) 10.

Muslims brought books and knowledge of outside world. Cities grew like Timbuktu (became part of Mali in 1300s).

Islamic world basics, expansion (post classical) 4.

Muslims followed sharia which is comprehensive religious and civil law (no separation of religious and political).

Islamic world basics, expansion (post classical) 9.

Muslims invaded/ruled India with the Delhi Sultanate 1200s-1400s. Islam spread to SE Asia, to the Swahili coast of E Africa, & across the Sahara Desert to W Africa. In most cases this was predominantly done by merchants.

4.5 Lecture 1 - Muslim-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean - 3

Muslims merchants operated along the Swahili coast, and out of Arabia, Mughal India, and SE Asia.

Islamic world basics, expansion (post classical) 6.

Muslims seized the Arabian Peninsula, defeated the Persians (Sassanids), attacked the Byzantine Empire, and conquered across North Africa into Spain. By the 900s the political unity began to fragment.

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 18

N retreated, US pursued to Chinese border

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 2

Nationalist leaders and parties in Asia and Africa sought varying degrees of autonomy within or independence from imperial rule. Nationalist leaders and parties:

4.3 Columbian Exchange 12

Native Americans lost the engagement due to disease, disunity, disparity of weapons, numbers

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand -1.3

Native Americans were at a disadvantage but early European muskets were inaccurate. Guns were sought after in African slave related kingdoms.

Alexander Pope 1.

Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night; God said, "Let Newton be." and all was light.

8.5c, 8.6a 6

Nearly 95% of Quebecers can speak French, but only 40.6% speak English. In the rest of the country, 97.6% of the population is capable of speaking English, but only 7.5% can speak French. wiki

Industrial Era Intro Mostly West Industrial late 19th c. 1890 - 3

New Imperialism, migration, continuity of global trade but much more

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 1

New military technology and new tactics, including the atomic bomb, fire-bombing, and the waging of "total war" led to increased levels of wartime casualties.

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 1

New state-supported transoceanic maritime exploration occurred in this period.

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 1

Newly imagined national communities often linked this new national identity with borders of the state, and in some cases, nationalists challenged boundaries or sought unification of fragmented regions.

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 9

Nixon Vietnamized and negotiated; all US troops out 1973

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 2 2.

Noah rescued his family from the flood. Abraham 2000 BC was chosen by God to be a blessing to all nations.

4.5 empires day 4 - 7

Nursery Rhymes: Folklores such as Chicken Little, Brer Rabbit and Brer Fox, were derived from Africa. African stories, fables and oratory traditions have been embedded into American culture, providing a childhood infrastructure for learning and development through the use of nursery rhymes.

post classical connections 18.

Often people were abandoned as those fearful of getting it fled. A few risked their lives (indeed often sacrificed their lives) to care for the sick.

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 11

On the other hand it had a radical impact in France (atheistic revolution).

4.5 Lecture 2 - 3

One third of silver ended up in China, some crossed Pacific directly, the rest went to Europe and then to Asia. Ironic that today Bolivia is one of the poorest countries. Of course it had to be mined and processed, mostly done with Native American labor.

6.5 imperialism economy 13

Opium produced in the Middle East or South Asia and exported to China: did have medicinal uses, Lewis and Clark (laudanum)

Indian Ocean exchange networks post classical 5.

Other items traded were gems, spices, and cotton cloth from S Asia; also spices, silk, and porcelain from SE Asia.

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 23

Other reform movements included temperance (anti-alcohol), prisons, public education, labor

4.4 empires day 3 - 8

Others like the Kongo on the south west coast participated in the slave trade but later tried to opt out.

3.3 empires beliefs 7

Others such as Baptists, Quakers, and Mennonites separated further. They variously believed the church should be independent from the government, that Christians should be pacifists, and that baptism was for those old enough to understand their decision.

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 17

Ottoman (outside of Turkey) divided into UK and French (temporary) holdings, after WWII these gained independence

4.7 - 18

Ottoman timars: originally (something like feudal system) land granted to soldiers as payment for services.

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 22

Ottomanism was a quest by some to strengthen the empire (sick man of Europe) by greater equality of minorities.

Unit 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed - 9

Over $1 million in tea was dumped into the water.

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 7

Pacific Theater

8.5c, 8.6a 20

Pakistan-India war 1947-48 issue of a few provinces as to which nation they would join; stalemate

8.5c, 8.6a 17

Pakistan: creation of Pakistan with E and W lands; huge refugee crisis

4.4 empires day 3 - 11

Part of the spoils of war was access to the slave trade. It became known as the gold coast (between slave coast and ivory coast). The current traditional chief in Ghana is believed to be descended from him.

4.5 Lecture 2 - 6

Peasant and artisan labor continued and intensified in many regions as the demand for food and consumer goods increased.

4.7 - 26

Peasants with no land may not have been forced to work for nobles but as farmers they had no choice.

post classical connections 15.

People tried many remedies: religious devotion, diet, bloodletting. Nothing seemed to be effective except getting as far away as possible.

4.7 - 5

Perhaps 200,000 chose to convert and not leave (although some practiced their religion secretly).

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 2.10

Peter the Great built St. Petersburg and increased mining, but there was no Renaissance, Reformation, or Scientific Revolution. Several women ruled after him.

3.2 land based empires 3.3

Peter the Great in Russia developed industries like mining to strengthen the military and state power.

4.7 Varying status of different classes of women within the Ottoman Empire - 3

Polygamy in Islam allowed men to marry up to four wives. Wealthy men owned a harem, sometimes with hundreds of women. Sex slaves were obtained from east of the Black Sea and Africa.

4.3 Columbian Exchange 6

Populations in Afro-Eurasia benefitted nutritionally from the increased diversity of American food crops.

4.4 empires day 2 - 2

Portugal colonized Brazil and had some commercial control in the Indian Ocean.

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 3

Portuguese development of maritime technology and navigational skills led to increased travel to and trade with Africa and Asia and resulted in the construction of a global trading-post empire.

Oh no, ravioli causes Pimples; Eat Ice Cream

Post-Classical 1200-1450, Early Modern 1450-1750, Industrial 1750-1900, and Current 20th century (so Pimples Eat Ice Cream).

4.5 - Diffusion of Catholicism to Americas - 3

Priests not only sought to evangelize them, but pastored their churches and taught school.

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 14

Propaganda Movement in the Philippines: Jose Rizal 1880s-1890s, seeking liberation from Spain 1898, then US war

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 11

Pros/cons urban, rural life: school, entertainment, farm life was often lonely

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 2

Pros: high reparations, reduced army and territory, Germany neither totally conquered nor assisted to recover; cartoon "not this time," Hitler did not rise until 1933; Japan's militarism not a result of Versailles

4.6 - 2

Pueblo Revolts 1680-1700 Santa Fe, Native Americans against Spanish rule, eventually defeated but gained less oppressive rule

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 16

Puerto Rico—writings of female Lola Rodríguez de Tió 1843-1924; a colony of Spain, it was made a territory of the US after the Spanish American war 1898

6.6 causes of migration 3

Push/pull: people attracted to wages or other aspects of city life; inherited land kept getting smaller in each generation

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 16

RR early trains 30 mph, horse about 30-40 miles per day

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 3

Radar gave the Allies an advantage

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 15

Railroads, steamships, and the telegraph made exploration, development, and communication possible in interior regions globally, which led to increased trade and migration.

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 8

Reasons why couldn't win: Russia/China supporting N, corruption in S, US didn't want WWIII, guerilla

8.1, 8.2a cold war 16

Recall definitions of capitalism/democracy, communism/dictator

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 11

Recall first age: steam, textiles, camera, sewing machine

S/SE Asia post classical 6.

Recall how governments develop and maintain power: competent leaders, strong military, cooperative neighbors, prosperous economy, cultural unity.

Americas post classical 1.

Recall that governments developed and maintained power by having competent leaders, strong military, cooperative neighbors, prosperous economies, and cultural unity.

6.7 migration effects 16

Receiving societies did not always embrace immigrants, as seen in the various degrees of ethnic and racial prejudice and the ways states attempted to regulate the increased flow of people across their borders. Regulation of immigrants:

4.5 Lecture 2 - 5

Regional markets grew within Europe and the Mediterranean; also S Asia and E Asia.

8.5c, 8.6a 1

Regional, religious, and ethnic movements challenged colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries. Some of these movements advocated for autonomy. Regional, religious, and ethnic movements:

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 5

Relative Share of World Manufacturing Output graphic (check Drive)

Industrial Era Intro Mostly West Early mod 1600 mid 17th c. - 4

Renaissance, reformation, scientific revolution

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 8

Rousseau (Social Contract) and Montesquieu (separation of powers) and also considered enlightenment philosophers.

Indian Ocean exchange networks post classical 2.

Routes expanded. It is 1500 miles across Bay of Bengal from Colombo Sri Lanka to Kuala Lumpur, so perhaps it's 1000 to the N tip of Sumatra. Add to that another 3000 miles from Mombasa to Sri Lanka across the Arabian Sea.

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 15

Rubber extraction in the Amazon and the Congo basin: demand for latex, boots, tires, balls, hoses, insulation, waterproofing; late 19th/early 20th centuries,

5.9 industrial society pt 2 6

Running water; was it clean? what about sewage?

3.2 land based empires 2.5

Russia built St. Petersburg on the Baltic to celebrate Peter's power.

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 26

Russia counter attacked and drove Germany out of Russia 1944

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 2.8

Russia emerged from Mongol rule around the Duchy of Moscow (called the Third Rome). It expanded with the help of Cossacks to an empire across Asia to the Pacific. This increased ethnic diversity.

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 2.9

Russia had a primary economy of farms and fur trading. Serfs worked the land. About 1600 was a time of trouble since there was no heir. The Romanov dynasty emerged.

8.1, 8.2a cold war 13

Russia had been destroyed during the early years of WWII but quickly recovered.

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 11

Russia: Black Sea access under Catherine late 1700s

5.6 industrialization state influence 3

Russia: Peter (metal - iron, copper - factories related to military production); Catherine (increase in textile production);

7.1 shifting power after 1900 7

Russia: Tsars for centuries, serfs "freed" 1860s, anarchists

4.7 - 22

Russian boyars started with some power as Russia in 1450 was small and fragmented.

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 5

S Africa under Dutch (1600s) then UK (early 1800s)

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 3

Share of Total World Manufacturing Output (Percentage) 1750 1800 1860 1880 1900 Europe 23.2 28.1 53.2 61.3 62.0 United States 0.1 0.8 7.2 14.7 23.6 Japan 3.8 3.5 2.6 2.4 2.4 The Rest of the World 73.0 67.7 36.6 20.9 11.0 (check drive for better graphic)

5.6 industrialization state influence 8

Shares of Russia, United States Great Britain, Germany and France in world industrial production (in %) wiki

6.2 state expansion 4

Shift from the Dutch East India Company to Dutch government control in Indonesia and Southeast Asia

6.2 state expansion 3

Shift from the private ownership of the Congo by King Leopold II to the Belgium government

8.1, 8.2a cold war 10

Since the US was the number one economic power by 1900, the shift was only partial.

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 7

Sioux Ghost Dance in the U.S. 1890: massacre at Wounded Knee; Sitting Bull killed during an arrest just 2 weeks earlier

4.5 empires day 4 - 6

Southern Cuisine: At the time of the trans-Atlantic voyage, black-eyed peas, okra, kidney and lima beans were gathered and collected in Africa for enslaved Africans upon the voyage into the New World. Synonymous with soul food, traditional African dishes and techniques have been perpetuated in American food culture such as deep frying, gumbo, fufu and millet bread. Often prepared by enslaved Africans, cornbread was assimilated to the African millet bread and fufu, a traditional African meal similar to "turn meal and flour," a popular dish associated with the state of South Carolina.

4.4 empires day 4 - 6

Spain in Asia was primarily located in the Philippines. It was the western edge of the Pacific trade as galleons came from the Americas

4.4 empires day 2 - 3

Spain mostly ruled over central and south America plus the Philippines.

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 7

Spanish sponsorship of the voyages of Columbus and subsequent voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific dramatically increased European interest in transoceanic travel and trade.

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 19

Stalin spent farm income on world trade rather than letting people eat the food; why? no morality, communist party/paranoia

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 12

Stalin: greater famine, purges, he did industrialize the USSR

4.6 - 1

State expansion and centralization led to resistance from an array of social, political, and economic groups on a local level. Local resistance:

7.1 shifting power after 1900 18

States around the world challenged the existing political and social order, including the Mexican Revolution that arose as a result of political crisis.

6.7 migration effects 19

Statue of Liberty 1886 "give me . . ."

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 18

Steamships cut time crossing Atlantic from couple of months for sailing ships to 1-2 weeks

China part 3 post classical 8.

Steel and iron production: from wiki "Iron and steel of this period were used to mass-produce ploughs, hammers, needles, pins, nails for ships, musical cymbals, chains for suspension bridges, Buddhist statues, and other routine items for an indigenous mass market."

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 12

Steel v. iron: steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that is much harder and stronger

4.5 Lecture 1 - Muslim-European rivalry in the Indian Ocean - 7

Successive European powers dominated this trade for centuries: Portugal 1500s, Dutch 1600s, English and French 1700s.

8.5c, 8.6a 23

Suez crisis 1956 was major cold war crisis, conflict with Egypt, interestingly US and USSR on same side opposed to Israel, UK and France

Islamic world basics, expansion (post classical) 10.

Sufi Muslims (who tended to emphasize a more mystical approach) were also missionaries for the faith. Many Mongols and Timur adopted Islam as did the Mamluks and Ottoman Empire.

S/SE Asia post classical 4.

Sufis are Muslims who practice a more mystical faith.

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 2

Sukarno in Indonesia r.1945-1967 independence from Dutch, 5th largest nation, aligned more with China, Russia; Suharto 1968-98 far more US oriented

4.7 - 21

Sultans shifted to tax farming rather than rely on nobility to collect taxes.

Sahara lecture, writing (post classical) 2.

Sundiata is a famous story of Mali's founder. Griots were historians, story-tellers since it was a pre-literate culture before Islam arrived.

4.5 - Diffusion of Catholicism to Americas - 4

Syncretism in the Americas combined 3 cultures.

China part 3 post classical 9.

Textiles and porcelains (note china is another word for high quality porcelain) were created for export.

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 10

The "second industrial revolution" led to new methods in the production of steel, chemicals, electricity, and precision machinery during the second half of the 19th century.

6.6 causes of migration 8

The 1876 [Argentine] law offered immigrants food and lodging upon arrival, promised to help them find work, and provided them with a free train ride to their final destination. These, and other incentives, in addition to the global and regional mechanisms in place, made Argentina one of the largest immigrant destinations in the world during the era of mass migration, second only to the United States. From Oxford Bibliographies

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 12

The 18th century marked the beginning of an intense period of revolution and rebellion against existing governments, leading to the establishment of new nation-states around the world.

Islamic world basics, expansion (post classical) 8.

The Abbasid Caliphate ruled from 750-1258 from Baghdad. In the 11th century the Turks gained control over the caliphate and introduced the Sultan as supreme ruler, while the caliph continued as a figurehead.

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 3

The American Declaration of Independence during the American Revolution was signed 1776 by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia.

5.2 Revolution 4

The American Revolution was surprising in that the English colonies were the freest and most prosperous people on earth.

4.5 Lecture 2 - 2

The Americas produced 80% of the world's silver (100,000 tons! or 2,000,000 pounds ($300,000,000?). Japan also produced some.

4.5 Lecture 1 - 3

The Atlantic trading system involved the movement of goods, wealth, and labor, including slaves.

3.2 land based empires 3.4

The Aztec/Mexica required tribute from defeated peoples near its empire.

Indian Ocean exchange networks pt 2 7.

The Chinese invented the compass but it was not used at sea until the 1100s.

3.3 empires beliefs 19

The Christian faith, Catholic and Protestant, was a major motivation for international missionary work and the spread of the faith to new European colonies. Christianity today is the world's largest religion (2.5 billion).

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 1 1.

The Classical Era lasted from about 600 BC to AD (or CE) 600. Its main characteristics were iron, enduring (thus the name classical) ideas, and the Axial age (new philosophies and religions).

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 13

The Cold War produced new military alliances, including NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and led to nuclear proliferation and proxy wars between and within postcolonial states in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Proxy wars:

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 4

The Enlightenment advanced new views about human beings' relationships: to God, to the world, and to themselves.

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 10

The Enlightenment had a moderate impact in England and America (Deism).

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 2

The Enlightenment is also known as the Age of Reason and is usually dated from the late 1600s to the 1700s.

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 9

The French "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" was written at the beginning of the French Revolution 1789.

3.2 land based empires 1.3

The Ming continued the Chinese practice of recruiting Confucian scholars for government positions; they also employed eunuchs.

Mongols part 1 10.

The Mongol Empire declined due to infighting among the khans, decline of competent leadership, and a push by peoples ruled by them to gain freedom.

Mongols part 1 7.

The Mongol economy traditionally was pastoral, but with conquests they obtained loot and gained tribute.

Mongols part 2 3.

The Mongols were curious about other cultures. They often used advisors from other civilizations to aid their rule.

5.2 Revolution 10

The US Constitution was based on Christian and Enlightenment principles of popular government, separation of powers, and federalism.

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 21

The US and Germany quickly followed the UK in becoming industrialized

5.6 industrialization state influence 11

The US forced Japan to open to trade in the 1850s.

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 19

The US gave and then ignored rights for African Americans; many did not obtain rights until the 20th c.

5.2 Revolution 9

The US was briefly organized under the Articles of Confederation until 1787 when a stronger Constitution was written.

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 8

The United States, Russia, and Japan expanded their land holdings by conquering and settling neighboring territories.

7.1 shifting power after 1900 1

The West dominated the global political order at the beginning of the 20th century, but both land-based and maritime empires gave way to new states by the century's end.

River Valley Civilizations 10.

The Zhou dynasty replaced the Shang kingdom about 1000 BC. It was the most isolated of the four civilizations so had less external trade.

4.7 - 7

The acceptance of Jews in the Ottoman Empire was due to the millet system where local areas were allowed to govern themselves.

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 6

The appeal to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is based on Locke's life, liberty, and property.

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 1

The causes of World War II included the

Europe post classical pt 1 7.

The church held society together when political structures were weak. Political leaders argued with the Pope over the extent of church power in everyday life.

4.5 - Diffusion of Catholicism to Americas - 2

The church, however, also took a strong interest in more compassionate treatment of the Native Americans.

5.2 Revolution 5

The colonies had been loosely governed by England; after the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) England tightened control and tried to increase taxes.

6.5 imperialism economy 5

The construction of the Port of Buenos Aires (Argentina) with the support of British firms

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 9

The development of industrial capitalism led to increased standards of living for some, and to continued improvement in manufacturing methods that increased the availability, affordability, and variety of consumer goods.

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 6

The development of machines, including steam engines and the internal combustion engine, made it possible to take advantage of both existing and vast newly discovered resources of energy stored in fossil fuels, specifically coal and oil.

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 22

The development of the factory system concentrated production in a single location and led to an increasing degree of specialization of labor.

4.1 TECH INNOVATIONS 2

The developments included the production of new tools, innovations in ship designs, and an improved understanding of regional wind and currents patterns—all of which made transoceanic travel and trade possible. Innovations in ship design: see these 3 on Freemanpedia; "no toilet" see Magellan Caravel, Carrack, Fluyt

Indian Ocean exchange networks pt 2 3.

The expeditions' purpose was to project prestige. It was assumed that others would want to trade and send tribute.

4.4 empires day 5 - 9

The export of slaves from Africa to the Americas began slowly in the 1500s and then increased to enormous proportions by the 1700s.

post classical connections 16.

The failure of religion may have played a part in the decline of respect for the church (that already was in trouble).

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 5

The famous line is: we hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal (did Jefferson mean to include women and minorities?)

Indian Ocean exchange networks pt 2 5.

The first few voyages went to India and then as far as E Africa.

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 7

The fossil fuels revolution greatly increased the energy available to human societies.

8.1, 8.2a cold war 15

The global balance of economic and political power shifted during and after World War II and rapidly evolved into the Cold War. The democracy of the United States and the authoritarian communist Soviet Union emerged as superpowers, which led to ideological conflict and a power struggle between capitalism and communism across the globe.

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 6

The global nature of trade and production contributed to the proliferation of large-scale transnational businesses that relied on new practices in banking and finance.

3.3 empires beliefs 18

The impact of the Renaissance and Reformation included the scientific revolution. Later the Enlightenment arose in part in reaction to the religious wars.

4.3 Columbian Exchange 26

The increase in variety and volume of trade enhanced diets nutritionally in both worlds, think Asia as well as Africa and Europe.

China part 1 post classical 2.

The mandate of heaven was not a personal power but the way the universe worked. If an emperor/dynasty governed wisely he/they would remain in power. This was indicated by a strong economy and protecting against invasion. When the weather or China's enemies prevailed, then the mandate of heaven changed, and a new ruler was called for. This process is referred to as the dynastic cycle (the rise and fall of dynasties).

China part 1 post classical 7.

The military was emphasized more during the Tang dynasty. The Song however chose to pay tribute to potential foes and not have as strong of an army.

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 13

The need for raw materials for factories and increased food supplies for the growing population in urban centers led to the growth of export economies around the world that specialized in commercial extraction of natural resources and the production of food and industrial crops. The profits from these raw materials were used to purchase finished goods. Resource export economies:

4.3 Columbian Exchange 1

The new connections between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres resulted in the exchange of new plants, animals, and diseases, known as the Columbian Exchange.

6.6 causes of migration 16

The new global capitalist economy continued to rely on coerced and semi-coerced labor migration, including slavery, Chinese and Indian indentured servitude, and convict labor.

4.5 Lecture 2 - 1

The new global circulation of goods was facilitated by chartered European monopoly companies and the global flow of silver, especially from Spanish colonies in the Americas, which was used to purchase Asian goods for the Atlantic markets and satisfy Chinese demand for silver. Regional markets continued to flourish in Afro-Eurasia by using established commercial practices and new transoceanic and regional shipping services developed by European merchants.

7.1 shifting power after 1900 6

The older, land-based Ottoman, Russian, and Qing empires collapsed due to a combination of internal and external factors. These changes in Russia eventually led to communist revolution.

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 17

The palm oil trade in West Africa: has industrial uses; tasty but heavy saturated fat; Nigeria was largest producer, now Indonesia, similar neg impact on environment and workers

4.5 Lecture 1 - 4

The phrase "triangular trade" is somewhat of a misnomer. True it connected three "locations" but it involved four continents.

Europe post classical pt 2 7.

The plague (and little ice age) began to break up the feudal system as peasant labor was more in demand.

post classical connections 19.

The plague helped end serfdom as laborers were fewer and could demand better treatment. Plagues continued off and on for centuries after this plague.

8.5c, 8.6a 13

The redrawing of political boundaries after the withdrawal of former colonial authorities led to the creation of new states. States created by redrawing of political boundaries:

8.5c, 8.6a 19

The redrawing of political boundaries in some cases led to conflict as well as population displacement and/or resettlements, including those related to the Partition of India and the creation of the state of Israel.

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 12

The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment thought that questioned established traditions in all areas of life often preceded revolutions and rebellions against existing governments.

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 14

The rise of extremist groups in power led to the attempted destruction of specific populations, notably the Nazi killing of the Jews in the Holocaust during World War II, and to other atrocities, acts of genocide, or ethnic violence. Genocide, ethnic violence, or attempted destruction of specific populations:

Indian Ocean exchange networks pt 2 4.

The size and number of ships was enormous especially compared to those of Columbus.

4.7 Restrictive policies against Han Chinese in Qing China - 2

The slogan was lose your hair and save your head, or save your hair and lose your head.

Europe post classical pt 2 4.

The social order (feudalism) resulted from the fragmented and economic weakness in Europe. In each locale, a king was at the top with nobles underneath him. Lesser vassals served the nobles, and knights fought for them. Finally there were serfs at the bottom who provided labor and received protection. Very few artisans and merchants made up the middle class.

4.4 empires 6

The strait at Aden was controlled by the Mamluk and then the Ottoman (both land sides were very dry).

4.4 empires 5

The strait of Hormuz controlled access to the Persian Gulf.

4.7 - 20

The system declined with onset of a paid army, gunpowder, and heavy taxes.

Unit 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed - 7

The tax was used to pay UK colonial officials rather than them being paid by taxes that locals controlled (MA governor's sons were tea merchants).

China part 2 post classical 6.

Theravada Buddhism is the original form that began in S Asia. It is stricter and found more in S and SE Asia.

Indian Ocean exchange networks post classical 1.

There was an increased volume of trade and a growth of trade cities.

8.1, 8.2a cold war 7

There were about 50 founding members of the UN; today there are almost 200.

4.5 - Catholic missionaries to Asia - 1

There were many others (these are just famous examples) but they had little impact. People were leery of a foreign faith.

Unit 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed - 6

There were not high taxes but a BEIC monopoly. Colonists claimed no taxation without representation.

8.1, 8.2a cold war 5

These aspirations were not achieved. Gandhi opposed cooperation during WWII but millions of Indians served anyway. India was far more important during WWII because of its location and its resources.

Indian Ocean exchange networks post classical 10.

These included Arab and Persian communities in East Africa, Chinese merchant communities in Southeast Asia, and Malay communities in the Indian Ocean basin.

Sahara lecture, writing (post classical) 8.

They also traded slaves, consisting of more females as concubines. Muslims acquired African wives/concubines.

4.7 - 14

They continued Confucian exams. Both groups served in government and military with Manchu holding higher positions.

3.3 empires beliefs 16

They continued to emphasize the authority of the Pope, the glorification of Mary, the importance of sacraments (including the mass and transubstantiation) and works for salvation. The Catholic Bible contains more books than the Protestant Bible.

4.7 - 23

They gradually lost power first with Ivan IV and during the Time of Troubles.

4.4 empires day 2 - Tokugawa Japan 2

They killed Christians and it was death to anyone going in or out.

China part 2 post classical 8.

This group viewed the Buddha as a savior; enlightened ones assisted others. It taught the 4 noble truths, the 8 fold path, reincarnation, the practice of monks, worship in temples, and has similar texts.

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 23

This is in contrast to one person doing it all or the putting out system

River Valley Civilizations 1.

This is the period from about 3500 BC to about 600 BC. Its main characteristics were bronze, cities, and writing.

Islamic world culture (post classical) 10.

This web page lists a number of females who participated in the golden age. https://ballandalus.wordpress.com/2014/03/08/15-important-muslim-women-in-history/

China part 2 post classical 10.

Tibetan Buddhism is quite different and is the smallest percentage. Its leader is the Dalai Lama.

post classical connections 7.

Timbuktu in West Africa became a major city for trade and Muslim learning in the Mali Empire.

Mongols part 1 9.

Timur who claimed descent from the Mongols conquered a significant empire in the late 1300s but it did not last long. Look at a map of Asia in 1400

4.7 Restrictive policies against Han Chinese in Qing China - 1

To distinguish the Han from the ruling Manchu/Qing, the Han were required to adopt a que hair style (shaved front, braided back).

6.5 imperialism economy 12

Trade in some commodities was organized in a way that gave merchants and companies based in Europe and the U.S. a distinct economic advantage. Commodities that contributed to European and American economic advantage:

Silk Road 5.

Trade was enhanced with items such as bills of exchange (modern equivalent is check). Paper money sometimes substituted for gold/silver/copper.

Mongols part 1 1.

Traditionally the Mongols were not a united people.

post classical connections 17.

Tragically in their desperate attempt to understand the sickness and blame someone/something, Jews were persecuted.

Sahara lecture, writing (post classical) 6.

Trans-Sahara networks of exchange consisted of long, bitter crossings. It was improved by camel saddles and caravans. There were two or three specific routes.

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 20

Transfer of former German colonies to Great Britain and France under the system of League of Nations mandates

China part 3 post classical 7.

Transportation innovations, like the Grand Canal expansion, aided economic growth, connecting north and south.

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 17

Tutsis in Rwanda 1990s: one incident inflamed tribal conflict; up to 1 million Hutus killed, movie Hotel Rwanda

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 10

UK (Kitchener) won 1898 at Omdurman (15 miles N of Khartoum), left UK dominating Egypt

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 25

UK and US defeated Italy in N Africa and invaded Italy 1943

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 27

UK and US invaded France; all 3 destroyed Germany 1945

6.2 state expansion 5

UK from BEIC in India after Sepoy Revolt 1857

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 3

UK in New Zealand 1840 (first governor) and Australia 1788 (NZ at first considered part of), Stearns p.601 White Dominions

6.7 migration effects 4

US 1st wave of immigration WASP or white Anglo Saxon Protestant, 1600s to early 1800s

5.8 industrial changes 7

US Hunt 1842 made unions legal; Knights of Labor 1869 (employers could still fire someone at will), Farmers' Alliances; AFL 1886; Peoples' Party: 1891

6.7 migration effects 17

US Know Nothing party 1840s Nativism; anti-Catholic, some of my friends attended Catholic schools

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 7

US aided GMD and Russia helped CCP

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 10

US defeated Japan's carriers at Midway 1942

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 17

US first transcontinental RR 1869; three others followed before 1900

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 22

US forces still there, N still poverty/repressed

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 6

US gradually increase advisors, let Diem die

7.1 shifting power after 1900 21

US intervention, new constitution 1917

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 11

US island hopping from Solomon's to Philippines

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 17

United States under Franklin Roosevelt: arsenal of democracy

6.6 causes of migration 11

Urbanization: from rural to cities, from other countries to cities

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 16

Urbanization: result, need for extra population to work farms and factories; Pax Britannica

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 25

Vietnam from the French empire

5.9 industrial society pt 2 8

Walking city: distance from where one lived to work; had to be short until public transportation

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 5

War with US backing to 1954, US rejected treaty fearing communist victory

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 3.6

Wars between Europe and Ottoman tended to be Muslim v. Christian but not always. The Ottoman attacked Europe reaching Vienna twice but not conquering it. Europe defeated the Ottoman navy at Lepanto. Russia and the Ottoman were at war (Orthodox Christian v. Islam). Peter made war on Sweden (Orthodox v. Lutheran).

Unit 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed - 4

Webster: an economic system developing during the decay of feudalism to unify and increase the power and especially the monetary wealth of a nation by a strict governmental regulation of the entire national economy usually through policies designed to secure an accumulation of bullion, a favorable balance of trade, the development of agriculture and manufactures, and the establishment of foreign trading monopolies.

Sahara lecture, writing (post classical) 5.

West African leaders balanced the adoption of Islam with desires of average folks for traditional religion.

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 2

Western European countries began abandoning mercantilism and adopting free trade policies, partly in response to the growing acceptance of Adam Smith's theories of laissez-faire capitalism and free markets.

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 15

Western democracies mobilizing for war:

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 5

What are the pros/cons of free trade? who should decide what wages/prices are, who should run a business, where you should shop?

4.4 empires -Ming China 4

When China restricted trade, pirate activity swelled.

Islamic world basics, expansion (post classical) 5.

When Muhammad died, some of his followers said the next leader had to be a biological relative of Muhammad (these became the Shia branch). Others, the majority, said the leader should be chosen by the community (whoever was the most fit for the job). As the Abbasid Caliphate fragmented, new Islamic political entities emerged, most of which were dominated by Turkic peoples. These states demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity. New Islamic political entities: Seljuk Empire, Mamluk sultanate of Egypt, Delhi sultanates Muslim rule continued to expand to many parts of Afro-Eurasia due to military expansion, and Islam subsequently expanded through the activities of merchants, missionaries, and Sufis.

Americas post classical 10.

When an Inca ruler died, his title passed to his heir but his wealth and lands did not. This so called split inheritance was an incentive for the new ruler to conquer other lands.

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 6

Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 1792 partly in response to French Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen

4.7 Varying status of different classes of women within the Ottoman Empire - 1

Women could participate in business. A sultanate of women in the 1500s-1600s meant mothers and prominent wives of sultans could wield some influence.

4.7 Varying status of different classes of women within the Ottoman Empire - 2

Women were unequal in court, in divorce, and in inheritance. They were excluded from artisan guilds.

China part 1 post classical 6.

Women, either wives or mothers of emperors, could also exercise some influence on the emperor.

7.2, 7.3 WWI 14

Women, propaganda, increased government $ and power (show WWI posters, book of poems)

5.9 industrial society 3

Working class Dickens' Christmas Carol, Oliver Twist 1968 trailer

5.9 industrial society 6

Working class women: e.g., Sadie Frowne, did okay until they married, many as domestic servants

7.2, 7.3 WWI 13

World War I was the first total war. Governments used a variety of strategies, including political propaganda, art, media, and intensified forms of nationalism, to mobilize populations (both in the home countries and the colonies) for the purpose of waging war.

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 13

World War II was a total war.

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 8

Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement in Southern Africa 1850s, believed if they killed their animals they would get new, better ones (they starved)

Mongols part 1 6.

Yuan rule in China avoided Confucian scholars but otherwise attempted to make peace with the Chinese. Marco Polo traveled to China in the late 1200s.

Indian Ocean exchange networks pt 2 2.

Zheng He 1371-1430s served in Yongle's household before he became emperor and was given responsibility to lead the expeditions.

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 4

Zulu Kingdom declared 1816; leader Shaka 1787-1828; about 500 Boers held off over 10,000 Zulus 1838

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 5

Zulu's defeated UK 1879, over 1000 UK dead (later that day 150 UK, 17 killed, held off 3000 at Rorke's Drift); same year defeated by UK

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 20

abolition of slavery: in Latin America mostly done before 1810s revolutions; 1807 US and UK outlawed slave trade

Industrial Era Intro Mostly West Early mod 1600 mid 17th c. - 2

absolutism (except England)

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 8

all of Africa and Middle East except Turkey and Israel SHOW MAP

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 3

allowed to be semi-autonomous (even as Native American nations are today) until Dawes Act 1887, land rush, and OK became state

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 7

also Germany: seizing Austria, Czech; Japan: into China at least by 1931 Manchuria event

6.5 imperialism economy 20

also copper, silver from Mexico; wool, wheat, beef from Argentina

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 5

also they thought they could create a better way; largest bloc of developing countries

6.1 Imperial rationales 7

bring peace to war zones, introduce education, medical

7.2, 7.3 WWI 21

by 1917 Russia was suffering domestic revolutions and pulled out in early 1918

7.1 shifting power after 1900 22

by 1940 limited church power, more literacy

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 10

by 1949 GMD fled to Taiwan and CCP won mainland

4.4 empires day 5 - 1

changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750

7.1 shifting power after 1900 11

civil war between reds and whites (non-communists), Lenin and his followers won

7.1 shifting power after 1900 9

communists promised peace, land, bread; recall French revolution: liberty, equality, fraternity

7.1 shifting power after 1900 3

compare Year 2000 top economies: US, Japan, Germany, UK, China, France

6.1 Imperial rationales 6

concept of the civilizing mission: Kipling, "White Man's Burden"; humanitarian, end sati and slavery,

8.5c, 8.6a 8

conflict between N and S, between two major tribes, between Christian and Muslim

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 6

continued imperialist aspirations, including Italy: war in Ethiopia and Spain

4.3 Columbian Exchange 7

despite minor contact before 1492 the world for the first time will experience global networks of exchange

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 21

difficulty of treaty due to repatriation of prisoners of war

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 15

divided after WWII (Japan had occupied since 1910)

4.3 Columbian Exchange 20

eastern large work animals (horses, cattle) were unknown to the west, would make a big difference in western travel, diet, workplace

4.3 Columbian Exchange 10

eastern people had developed immunity to certain diseases (like smallpox) and were carriers of them; contact with Native Americans who were not immune (like plague in east 1300s)

4.6 - 8

expanding colonial populations; 1670s against Puritans (defeated), 3000 Indians killed, 1000 English killed

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 10

first famines (US sent aid) and retraction

4.5 empires day 4 - 5

for religion see the next lesson; the following reflects on music, art, literature quoted from an article in the Atlanta Black Star.

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 20

forces stabilized near original border

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 5

global economic crisis engendered by the Great Depression led to Hitler's rise; helped push Japan into militarism

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 17

got out of hand, had to bring in army, death toll estimates range from 100s of thousands to 20 million

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 19

harvesting had negative impact on birds, poor treatment of workers; US passed Guano Islands act 1856 encouraging citizens to locate uninhabited islands that would produce guano

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 24

he calculated it was better than centuries of imperial rule; also fear of losing power to Japan, west, nationalists

4.5 Lecture 2 - 15

little ice age https://pleistoceneholoceneglaciationbc.wordpress.com/2012/11/17/the-little-ice-age/

6.5 imperialism economy 22

look at Freemanpedia; also war prayer by Mark Twain

7.1 shifting power after 1900 8

losing WWI, Feb revolution 1917, new provisional government stayed in war

4.3 Columbian Exchange 17

many Europeans came, some as temporary indentured servants

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 7

meetings 1955, officially began 1961

5.6 industrialization state influence 5

mid-century Russia losing Crimean War began to import machines; freed serfs; progress but lagging

7.1 shifting power after 1900 20

military conflict 1910-1920, many changes of leadership (most assassinated)

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 23

mining accidents, southern Africa at one point produced over 90% of world's diamonds; 1893 a stone of almost 1000 carats found

Europe post classical pt 1 5.

missions to unbelievers; heaven/hell, 2nd coming of Jesus

4.3 Columbian Exchange 15

mostly men brought; tragically worked to death (cheaper to bring more)

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 21

movies Life is Beautiful, Schindler's List; books Night, Hiding Place, others?

7.2, 7.3 WWI 24

movies: Sgt. York, Lost Battalion, Lawrence of Arabia; books: All Quiet on the Western Front

6.5 imperialism economy 1

ndustrialized states and businesses within those states practiced economic imperialism primarily in Asia and Latin America. Industrialized states practicing economic imperialism:

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 12

partition of Poland 1790s by Prussia, Russia, Austria

4.3 Columbian Exchange 16

reasons why Native Americans were not enslaved for the most part

8.5c, 8.6a 10

rebels had problems getting international recognition

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 3

recall mercantilism was government and business working together to produce a positive trade balance and gold/silver for the mother country, e.g., BEIC

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 8

rise to power of fascist and totalitarian regimes that resulted in the aggressive militarism of Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler.

Unit 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed - 1

rulers employed economic strategies to consolidate and maintain power throughout the period from 1450 to 1750.

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 4

see my ppt on Smith, Wealth of Nations: 1776 invisible hand, aka capitalism, free enterprise

8.1, 8.2a cold war 25

situation after the fall of the USSR: Yeltsin's rule 1990s seemed optimistic but Putin is more dictatorial

Industrial Era Intro Mostly West Industrial late 19th c. 1890 - 1

some equality, end slavery

4.3 Columbian Exchange 19

some form of Roman Catholicism would become dominant

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 19

some mandates in Africa and others in Asia (held by Japan)

4.3 Columbian Exchange 23

sugar cane, grains, fruits, coffee, melons, onions came from east to west; various kinds of beans and nuts went both ways

7.2, 7.3 WWI 22

the US in 1917 decided to enter the war, German subs sinking our ships

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 6

theoretically fought together against Japan 1937-45 but both knew real fight was against each other

Europe post classical pt 1 3.

three branches: Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant; the church is people not a building; practices like baptism, communion, others (e.g., prayer)

7.2, 7.3 WWI 20

trench warfare in the west (battles of Somme, Verdun 1916) meant millions died but neither side advanced

5.9 industrial society pt 2 10

typhus (bacteria) hit Ireland particularly hard and migrated to UK and N America (coffin ships); numerous yellow fever outbreaks (virus)

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 3

unsustainable peace settlement after World War I, the pros/cons of this statement

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 24

various portions of British Empire peacefully converted to Commonwealth

7.1 shifting power after 1900 17

what countries are now what the Ottoman used to be? Balkans, N Africa, Middle East

4.5 - Diffusion of Catholicism to Americas - 1

Catholicism was brought and in some cases imposed on the Americas by the conquistadores.

6.7 migration effects 6

3rd wave (20th c.) non-European, non-Christian (China, India, Philippines are current largest, my daughter in law)

8.1, 8.2a cold war 19

40s Stalin, Truman, Iron curtain speech, Marshall plan, NATO, Russia got nukes, China went communist

Industrial Era Intro 5

5 "E's" electricity, end slavery, enlightenment, entertainment, economic growth

8.1, 8.2a cold war 23

80s Reagan president, Gorbachev 1985 head of USSR, Warsaw pact ended, Bush Condoleezza Rice

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 13

After the end of World War II, some colonies negotiated their independence, while others achieved independence through armed struggle.

4.7 - 19

A problem arose from not enough land and too many soldiers.

6.1 Imperial rationales 1

A range of cultural, religious, and racial ideologies were used to justify imperialism, including

Sahara lecture, writing (post classical) 9.

A style of twin cities developed, one for Muslims and one for others. They didn't want to go further south because of diseases in the areas with more rainfall.

Africa lecture, writing (post classical) 5.

About 1300 Ethiopia sent an embassy to Europe seeking help against Islamic intrusion but it was not successful.

Indian Ocean exchange networks post classical 8.

About 1300 the Delhi Sultanate conquered Gujarat and ruled it for 100 years. Then for about 100 years from the weakening of the Delhi sultanate in the early 1400s to the 1500s it was its own kingdom. Finally the Portuguese and Mughal intruded.

8.1, 8.2a cold war 12

After WWII Europe was destroyed; US and USSR were super powers. The US in the late 1940s was 50% of the world's economy.

Mongols part 1 4.

After Genghis Khan's death, the empire was divided into khanates. The Golden Horde ruled Russia from a distance. The Chagatai governed central Asia, and the Ilkhanate controlled SW Asia.

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 2.4

At times women exercised some power (Nur Jahan). At least one Mughal ruler, Akbar, was tolerant. The Taj Mahal was a masterpiece of architecture. The British East India Company gradually took control over much of the sub-continent.

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 16

Anti-imperial resistance took various forms, including direct resistance within empires and the creation of new states on the peripheries.

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 23

Anti-imperial resistance:

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 9

Appeasement: "each one hopes that if he feeds the croc enough, it will eat him last" (Churchill); so many losses due to WWI that good guys do anything but another war; League weak: US isolation, UK/France can't unite

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 4

As new methods of industrial production became more common in parts of northwestern Europe, they spread to other parts of Europe: Germany; and the United States: cotton gin, "stolen" practices; Russia, slowly; and Japan: after 1860s Meiji

5.6 industrialization state influence 1

As the influence of the Industrial Revolution grew, a small number of states and governments promoted their own state-sponsored visions of industrialization. State-sponsored visions of industrialization:

Silk Road 6.

As trade improved with more money economies, credit increased. Banking houses: lent money, charged interest, and guarded deposits.

Industrial Era Intro 6

Asia: European imperialism, China Opium, India Empress, Dutch/France SE Asia, Japan Meiji, Russia ended serfdom

4.4 empires 1

Asian states that adopted restrictive or isolationist trade policies: § Ming China § Tokugawa Japan

8.1, 8.2a cold war 6

Association of US with Europe and USSR with new nations led the latter away from western ideologies.

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 10

At first, hard times for the average person but later most benefited

5.2 5.3 revolution; industry 11

At the beginning of the Latin American revolutions, Bolívar's "Letter from Jamaica" 1815 complained that there was no help from the west.

4.4 empires day 3 - 4

Atlantic slave trade vastly increased wars between African people and expanded the practice of slavery.

7.2, 7.3 WWI 10

Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia; Germany threatened France and Russia

7.2, 7.3 WWI 7

Austrian Archduke assassinated in Serbia June 1914 (act out)

Islamic world culture (post classical) 6.

Averroes Ibn Rushd d.1198 in Spain/Morocco expert in law, philosophy, theology

Islamic world culture (post classical) 5.

Avicenna Ibn Sina d.1037 in Persia excelling in medicine

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 22

Caliphate encompassed 30 emirates, reaching into Yoruba land and across to Cameroon

4.4 empires day 4 - 9

Chattel slavery (viewed as property not persons), mainly Africans (why not Native Americans?) came primarily to Brazil and the Caribbean.

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 12

Cheaper goods, items that had previously been luxury goods

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 2

Cherokee Nation: some persuaded to move out of GA 1810s, others forced 1830s trail of tears to OK

5.8 industrial changes 6

Child labor laws: what's the difference between a child working at home on the farm and a child in a factory?

River Valley Civilization 9.

China (really East Asia near the Yellow River) grew rice, invented silk and practiced proto-Daoism.

6.5 imperialism economy 4

China pushed back and the two side went to war, UK won; see cartoon of dividing China

Europe post classical pt 2 2.

Europe was rarely united politically due to distances, economic weaknesses, and language differences (and prior fall of Rome, Muslim, Vikings). Often there were weak kings and strong nobles vying for power.

4.5 Lecture 1 - 6

Europe's "manufactured" products included textiles, alcohol, and guns. Raw materials from the Americas meant timber, tobacco, and sugar.

6.5 imperialism economy 3

Europe wanted China's silk, porcelain but didn't want to pay for it so pushed opium on the Chinese public to get cash

Europe post classical pt 2 1.

Europe was generally isolated. It survived the Mongol threat and overcame Islamic intrusion.

6.6 causes of migration 1

Explain how various environmental factors contributed to the development of varied patterns of migration from 1750 to 1900.

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 1

Explain the causes and consequences of China's adoption of communism.

4.4 empires day 2 - 5

France claimed empire in what is now Canada and competed for south Asia.

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 20

French colony: brutality not equality; FLN also attacked other Algerians

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 26

Gandhi (arrested many times, fasting), increasingly for independence, Amritsar massacre, salt march, some political rights,

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 2 6.

God judged Israel by allowing the Assyrians 722 BC and then the Babylonians 586 BC to conquer them and take many of them into exile (story of Daniel). Some were permitted to return late 500s/early 400s.

5.9 industrial society pt 2 2

High immigration let employers pay 11 cents/hour and require workers to labor 60-80 hour weeks

3.3 empires beliefs 13

His teaching can be summarized as follows TULIP: total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, preservation of the saints.

post classical connections 9.

Ibn Battuta left Morocco in the early 1300s and may have journeyed 75,000 miles by land and sea visiting SW Asia, India, China, and Africa.

7.2, 7.3 WWI 5

Imperialism: competition for colonial empires made them more hostile

S/SE Asia post classical 9.

In SE Asia there were the Srivijaya Empire and Sukhothai kingdom (both Buddhist).

S/SE Asia post classical 7.

In South Asia there were the Vijayanagara Empire and Rajput kingdoms (both Hindu).

3.3 empires beliefs 11

In the 1600s England was wracked with civil war between Puritans and Anglicans. Puritans ruled briefly 1650s but Anglicans were restored as supreme. The Glorious Revolution 1688 gave Parliament the upper hand.

4.7 - 15

In the Americas with the rise of the Casta system: At the top were peninsulares born in Spain and creoles (Europeans born in the Americas).

Unit 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed - 12

Individual portions of ownership may be bought/sold at will; normally made with a royal charter (e.g., Walmart); example: Virginia company settled Jamestown.

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 8

In the Soviet Union, the government controlled the national economy through the Five Year Plans, often implementing repressive policies, with negative repercussions for the population.

4.4 empires -Ming China 1

In the early 1500s China was open to exchange at Macau but then resisted trade due to rumors.

China part 2 post classical 4.

Influence of Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism in East Asia: restored more traditional Confucian ideas but acknowledged the existence of Daoism and Buddhism.

Europe post classical pt 1 8.

Increasing affluence brought more corruption into the church. In fact there was a major conflict in the 1400s over who would be pope. Those who opposed the church could face severe punishment.

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 3

Indian National Congress

4.4 empires day 4 - 5

Java (an island south of Borneo, east of Sumatra) exported rice. It became the Mataram Sultanate. The Dutch infringed on the edge by 1600 but they did not have complete control.

Europe post classical pt 1 2.

Jesus' death on the cross, salvation by faith/repentance; love is the greatest commandment

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 2 1.

Jews believe in one God (monotheism); the book of Genesis begins with creation (story of Adam/Eve and "fall").

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 22

Jews refer to those who helped as "righteous among the nations"; another example, "We are all Jews" see wiki for Roddie Edmonds

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 2 9.

Jews worshipped at a major temple in Jerusalem and gathered in local synagogues for prayer.

3.3 empires beliefs 12

John Calvin d.1564 (of France and then Switzerland) was a second major figure along with Luther. He emphasized the sovereignty of God and was the author of important theological works.

Unit 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Developed - 11

Joint-stock companies: businesses owned by many people in order to raise money and reduce risk.

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 2 4.

Judges (e.g., Samson) ruled for a time until the kingdom was established under David (about 1000 BC; famous for killing Goliath).

7.2, 7.3 WWI 8

July crisis: Austria-Hungary sent ultimatum to Serbia; Serbia complied but not completely

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 7

Kenya 1895 under UK

6.3b and 6.4 imperialism 21

Meat from Argentina and Uruguay: climate and terrain makes cattle raising suitable, refrigerated RR and ships late 19th c.; opposite summer/winter from N hemisphere great opportunity for trade with Europe

4.6 - 12

NY/Manhattan 1741 word leaked and about 100 AA killed, deported before revolt

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 5

Long March was Mao's escape and rise to power within the CCP

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 5

Long range bombers; Nukes and their debate

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 21

Lost battles, won diplomacy; De Gaulle, 5th republic

6.2 state expansion 10

Many European states used both warfare and diplomacy to expand their empires in Africa. European states that expanded empires in Africa: Berlin Conference 1884-5

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 22

Mengistu Haile Mariam in Ethiopia 1977 to 1991; all rural land seized and redistributed, Marxist

5.9 industrial society 4

Middle class: earned money v. inherited or landed rich

6.7 migration effects 8

Migrants often created ethnic enclaves in different parts of the world that helped transplant their culture into new environments. Migrant ethnic enclaves:

4.5 - Catholic missionaries to Asia - 4

Missionaries to China included: Matteo Ricci 1582-1610; Johann Adam Schall von Bell 1619-66 who baptized many and contributed to science, particularly clocks; Ferdinand Verbiest 1669-88

S/SE Asia post classical 5.

Monasticism in Buddhism means some followers become monks and dedicate their lives to serving their faith.

Mongols part 1 8.

Mongol women tended to have more opportunities than women in other places (none was equal). The men were often away at war so they not only had their say over their own households but sometimes wives of khans made decisions regarding the empire.

Mongols part 2 1.

Mongols demanded tribute in gold and slaves from the peoples that they did not rule directly.

Indian Ocean exchange networks pt 2 10.

Monsoon is Arabic for wind reversing (ocean currents also move but unsure which way). The benefit was blowing NE in the summer and then SW in the winter. This is true for both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.

4.5 empires day 4 - 2

More African were men taken in slavery to the Americas; more females were taken into Ottoman slavery.

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 13

More choices, new items

4.4 empires day 5 - 7

More male slaves were shipped to the Americas than females. How would this impact both Africa and Americas?

4.5 Lecture 1 - 2

Moroccan conflict with the Songhai Empire, see section 1

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 3.2

Morocco defeated the Songhai (both Islam) 1591 at Gao 250 m SE of Timbuktu. Morocco had 6-8 cannons plus harquebus. The Songhai tried to send 1000 cattle into the enemy but cannon scared them back into Songhai lines.

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 2 3.

Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt and gave them the Law (including the 10 commandments).

4.5 Lecture 2 - 12

Most diets consisted of locally grown wheat, rice, and potatoes.

4.4 empires day 4 - 14

Most in the Amazon and in the N American west continued without intrusion.

Mongols part 2 7.

Most scholars believe that the Mongols enabled the plague to travel from east Asia to Europe.

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 11

Most women's rights petitions were ignored.

Silk Road 4.

Mostly luxury goods were traded, however there was a move from surplus to commodities. Items traded included textiles, porcelains, iron and steel.

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 19

Movements to redistribute land and resources developed within states in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, sometimes advocating communism or socialism. Land and resource redistribution:

Islamic world basics, expansion (post classical) 3.

Muslims were to practice the five pillars: confession of faith ("there is not god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet"), prayer five times per day, fasting during the month of Ramadan, giving/charity, pilgrimage to Mecca.

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 14

Nationalism also became a major force shaping the historical development of states and empires.

6.1 Imperial rationales 5

Nationalism: competition among European powers, if you don't keep up you will lose territories

7.2, 7.3 WWI 6

Nationalism: hyper patriotism and belief that the other peoples were inferior; desire to have one's own nation

6.7 migration effects 15

New Braunfels (between Austin and San Antonio), Fredericksburg (70 m W of Austin) TX: German; named after Prince Frederick of Prussia 1794-1863 (same birth month/day as wife); apparently he had given his support to the immigrants

7.4, 7.5 inter war years 2

New Deal: great depression causes (natural ups and downs, stock market crash, banks fail, overproduction, $ supply imbalance); FDR 1933 welfare, work projects, Social Security, FDIC, did it help?

7.2, 7.3 WWI 16

New military technology led to increased levels of wartime casualties.

6.6 causes of migration 9

New modes of transportation: steamships, RR; made it easier/faster to get to your destination

5.9 industrial society 2

New social classes, including the middle class and the industrial working class, developed.

4.4 empires day 3 - 7

New states: Asante/Ashanti near present Ghana created a powerful nation under Osei Tutu about 1700. They warred on nearby peoples, captured men, and sold them to the Europeans as slaves.

4.4 empires day 4 - 7

Newly developed colonial economies in the Americas largely depended on agriculture, utilized existing labor systems, including the Incan mit'a, and introduced new labor systems including chattel slavery, indentured servitude, and encomienda and hacienda systems.

Alexander Pope 4.

Newton believed God created the world but it was presently a machine (Deism) author believes further knowledge has pushed God aside * 1. A body moves in a straight line unless impeded. (Inertia). * 2. Every action has equal and opposite reaction. * 3. Every body attracts every other body with a force proportional to the distance between.

scientific rev Early Mod Renaissance 11.

Newton built on Kepler's astronomy and Galileo's falling objects work and derived laws of motion. (apple story) Best Idea Ever! calculus, gravity

Alexander Pope 5.

Newton's 1st law: object at rest/motion stays at rest/motion unless acted upon by outside force 2nd law: F=ma 3rd law: for every action, an equal and opposite reaction

7.1 shifting power after 1900 10

Oct revolution, communists took over 1917; exited WWI

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 2

Olympe de Gouges b.1748 France, forced to marry age 16, he died a year later, she wrote plays that shared her views

8.1, 8.2a cold war 4

One million Indian troops served in Africa, Middle East, and Europe; 70,000 died. Gandhi helped recruit soldiers for UK.

4.5 - Catholic missionaries to Asia - 2

One of the main problems was ancestor "veneration."

6.5 imperialism economy 16

Palm oil produced in sub-Saharan Africa and exported to European countries

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 3

She wrote Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen 1791; based on Declaration of the Rights of Man 1789, petition by women 1789 for equality was ignored

Silk Road 1.

Passage long the silk road declined somewhat after Islam declined (1000s-1100s), rose with Mongols (Pax Mongolica 1200s-1300s), and declined again with the fall of the Mongols and European maritime takeover (1500s).

Mongols part 2 4.

Pax Mongolica is a phrase to describe the peace of the Mongols (after they conquered) that promoted commerce. Everyone feared them leading to merchants being able to cross Asia without being molested. This led to economic prosperity.

4.2 EXPLORATION CAUSES AND EVENTS 4

Prince Henry d.1460 around Africa, Vasco da Gama 1497 HOW TO SAIL AGAINST THE WIND check out the web page Pirate King to use an interactive sailing device

3.3 empires beliefs 14

Quite a lot of persecution accompanied these breaks. Catholics and Protestants both believed the other one (and third parties) led people to hell. Persecution could involve death and war.

8.5c, 8.6a 4

Québécois separatist movement in Canada: about one fourth of Canadians live in Quebec, stems from France first settling, then UK

8.1, 8.2a cold war 17

Reasons why Russia blamed US: intrusion 1918, non-recognition, delayed 2nd front in WWII

8.1, 8.2a cold war 18

Reasons why US blamed Russia: Stalin's terror, pact with Hitler, Russian control of E Europe

5.7 industrialization Economic Developments and Innovations 14

Regular access to goods (year round)

5.8 industrial changes 18

Self-strengthening reforms in China p.657 Stearns possibly in response to reforms advocated by Taiping, RR, factories, military, resistance by some Confucian gentry; ambivalence of Cixi, then Boxer revolt

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 8

Seneca Falls Conference (NY 1848) organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton 1815-1902, Lucretia Mott and others

4.4 empires day 5 - 11

Slave owners found it was cheaper to work slaves to death and buy newly imported ones.

4.4 empires day 5 - 3

Slavery existed within households (these could be positive or not).

4.4 empires day 5 - 2

Slavery in Africa continued in its traditional forms, including incorporation of slaves into households and the export of slaves to the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean region.

6.6 causes of migration 17

Slavery was gradually eradicated but at least some continued for much of era

4.4 empires day 3 - 2

Slavery was practiced in Africa before the Europeans came to the west coast; slaves were sold out of Africa across the Sahara and off the Swahili coast.

4.4 empires day 5 - 5

Slaves were also sold into the Indian Ocean region.

4.4 empires day 5 - 4

Slaves were exported to the Mediterranean in places such as Ottoman (could become eunuchs or concubines).

SPICE

Social, Political, Interaction, Culture, Economy

4.3 Columbian Exchange 30

Social: end of human sacrifice by Aztecs

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 21

Sokoto Caliphate in modern-day Nigeria: anti-imperial? Hausa land; created after Usman dan Fodio 1754-1817 first a preacher then jihad/Fulani War 1804-08

6.7 migration effects 9

Some by their choice, others by government restrictions; e.g., Nepalese in Irving

4.5 empires day 4 - 1

Some notable gender and family restructuring occurred, including demographic changes in Africa that resulted from the slave trades.

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 9

Some rulers were considered enlightened despots: Catherine the Great, Joseph II of HRE, Frederick the Great of Prussia. Although they did not give up power, they toyed with the ideas of helping the lower classes.

6.2 state expansion 2

Some states with existing colonies strengthened their control over those colonies and in some cases assumed direct control over colonies previously held by non-state entities. Non-state to state colonial control: THESE OCURRED WHEN NON-STATE RULE FAILED

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 13

Some were revolutions to change the government, some were for independence (more on this later)

4.3 Columbian Exchange 28

Some western foods like potato were slow to gain acceptance in the east.

Americas post classical 3.

The Cahokia were mound builders in the Illinois region. They built these in layers/levels up to 100 ft. high and covering as much as 13 acres.

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 19

Telegraph: Morse code, undercut pony express (almost instantly v. one week across the west)

5.4 - 5.5 Industrialization spreads, tech 13

Telephone 1876 by Bell; an improvement over the telegraph

4.4 empires day 5 - 12

The Casta system in Latin America found Europeans at the top, persons of mixed race in the middle, and Native Americans and African slaves at the bottom.

4.7 - 24

They lost more power with Peter (he appointed those he favored to a "senate").

4.5 empires day 4 - 4

The Atlantic trading system involved the movement of labor—including slaves—and the mixing of African, American, and European cultures and peoples, with all parties contributing to this cultural synthesis.

4.3 Columbian Exchange 35

The Atlantic triangular trade is the smaller portion of the international Columbian Exchange.

4.5 Lecture 2 - 4

The British East India Company (BEIC) as well as the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) dominated trade in the Indian Ocean. These companies were so powerful that they had their own armies.

Europe post classical pt 1 10.

The Byzantine Empire (the eastern remnants of the Roman Empire) with its Orthodox Christianity had dwindled to a small kingdom near Constantinople.

China part 1 post classical 3.

The Chinese emperor had almost unlimited power but could be restrained by filial piety and the mandate of heaven (dynastic cycle). Some didn't care about governing.

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 6

The Enlightenment was a departure from and in fact challenged divine right of kings and the church (Christian beliefs were to some extent rejected, to some extent accommodated).

4.4 empires day 2 - 4

The Dutch had some small outposts in the Americas and South Africa plus more dominance over what is now Indonesia.

8.5a, 8.5b decolonization 16

The Gold Coast from the British Empire: became Ghana 1957 first African to gain

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 1 8.

The Gupta ruled India in the AD/CE days. They invented Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.). Spices, gems, and cotton were important products.

5.2 Revolution 11

The Haitian Revolution began as a slave revolt and then won liberation from France.

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 1 10.

The Han invented paper and began to require bureaucrats to pass Confucian exams. They opened the Silk Road trade.

Africa lecture, writing (post classical) 7.

The Hausa kingdom consisted of seven cities in present day Nigeria, at times united to some degree. Kano came to be the leading city of the seven.

Americas post classical 8.

The Inca Empire conquered many peoples along the Andes Mountains in western South America. The mita or labor tax required every person to work for the state in some capacity.

4.4 empires day 4 - 8

The Incan mit'a was a labor tax later adopted by the Spanish.

3.2 land based empires 2.7

The Incan sun temple of Cuzco (built without iron tools) was covered with gold. Llamas and sometimes children were sacrificed. It was demolished to build a Spanish church.

4.7 - 3

The Inquisition that began in 1478 was originally created to distinguish true/false conversions to Christianity.

3.2 land based empires 1.2

The Japanese hired/paid samurai warriors to fight for either local lords or the centralized Shogunate.

5.2 Revolution 12

The Latin American independence movements 1810s facilitated the emergence of independent states in the Americas.

Europe post classical pt 2 3.

The Magna Carta 1215 resulted from nobles resisting the English king's authority. At times there could be significant clashes such as the hundred years' war despite holding religion in common.

3.2 land based empires 3.5

The Ming collected taxes in hard currency/silver that arrived in abundance from the Americas.

Mongols part 2 6.

The Mongols attempted to conquer Japan twice with a fleet of ships but storms prevented them. The Japanese believed that the gods had protected them. Their word for divine wind is kamikaze (adopted by WWII pilots).

3.3 empires beliefs 1

The Protestant Reformation marked a break with existing Christian traditions and both the Protestant and Catholic reformations contributed to the growth of Christianity.

3.2 land based empires 3.1

The Mughal collected taxes from peasants through nobles (zamindar).

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 2.3

The Mughal invaded India from Central Asia and defeated the last of the Delhi Sultanate in the early 1500s. These Muslims ruled over a predominantly Hindu people. Sati was a custom where a widow was expected to throw herself on her husband's funeral pyre.

4.4 empires day 4 - 3

The Omanis were conquered by Portugal but when Portugal waned in the 1600s it regained its empire on the coast of Arabia and Africa.

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 3.3

The Ottoman and the Safavid fought at Chaldiran 1514 (Sunni v. Shia). The Ottoman won with guns. Later the Songhai got a lot of land back, but then lost them again to the Ottoman.

3.2 land based empires 1.1

The Ottoman devshirme system kidnapped young boys to convert them and staff their government. Janissaries were the military side of it.

3.2 land based empires 3.2

The Ottoman practiced tax farming where a collector bid for the right to collect taxes in an area (he could pocket the profits).

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 2.5

The Ottomans built an empire in North Africa, SW Asia, and SE Europe. A state of war existed between Europe and the Ottomans. Janissaries were kidnapped Christian boys forced to convert to Islam and serve in the army. Females were brought as slaves into the harems of the wealthy.

3.2 land based empires 2.6

The Qing had imperial portraits painted to honor their emperors.

3.3 empires beliefs 3

The Renaissance beginning at least by the 1400s had also turned people to thinking in other ways. Early attempts at reform led to the condemnation of Wycliffe d.1384 and the death of Hus d.1415.

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 2 10.

The Sabbath, Chanukah, and Passover are some of their holidays/festivals. Their holy book is the Torah/TANAK.

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 1.4

The Safavid and Mamluks suffered by not fully using gunpowder. The Japanese and Chinese availed themselves of it but did not have the latest tech.

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 3.1

The Safavid fought the Mughal (Shia v. Sunni) about 1650 in Afghanistan across the Hindu Kush. The Safavid won Kandahar even though the Mughal had gunpowder. It was too far away for the Mughal, and they were distracted with another war.

3.1 Land Based Emipres Expand - 2.7

The Safavid operated between the Mughal and Ottoman. They were mostly Shia. Caravanserai were stations built to accommodate merchants as they traveled long distances. Qanats were underground irrigation systems.

Enlightenment pt 1-2 - 24

The Second Great Awakening in the US was a stimulus for the reform movements listed above. It was especially prominent in the Methodist and Baptist churches, urging Christians away from ritual to personal piety.

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 10

The Seneca Falls document A Declaration of Sentiments called for equality of citizenship

Silk Road 2.

The Silk Road was not an actual road, consisted of several routes (including seaways?), was not made of silk (duh!), and more than silk was traded.

China part 1 post classical 10.

The Song lost its northern territories about 1100 when the Jin/Jurchen invaded. The Mongols conquered the Song in 1279.

3.2 land based empires 2.4

The Songhai promoted state power through Islamic sharia.

4.4 empires day 3 - 10

They had the golden stool (said to have come down from heaven, only the king may sit there, about 18 inches high) and a capital at Kumasi (current capital of Ghana), derived against common enemy.

Europe post classical pt 2 8.

There were some women's opportunities in the church. Chivalry could include protection of women.

4.5 Lecture 2 - 8

These examples all pertain to cloth. People in Europe raised sheep, sold the wool to refiners and dyers; it was made into cloth by hand until 1800

Africa lecture, writing (post classical) 10.

They traded with the Swahili coast, raised cattle, and worked with gold and other metals. Some ruins and significant walls survive.

5.1-5.2 enlightenment; revolution 9

This conference looked back to above two docs (and arose in part due to limitations in women working for abolition), and to the US Declaration of Independence

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 11

US perspective on NAM, it's not an equal sided argument; if you don't side with the US you aren't siding with freedom

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 11

US refused to recognize CCP, so GMD was Chinese rep in UN

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 21

US saw it as part of cold war and gradually intervened with 500,000 troops, peace treaty 1973

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 17

US/UN responded, MacArthur, Inchon landing

6.2 state expansion 8

US: Hawaii, Queen Liliuokalani, Philippines independence from Spain and then subject to US

6.2 continued and 6.3 part one 9

US: Louisiana Purchase 1803

7.6, 7.7 WWII causes, conduct 21

USSR under Joseph Stalin: supplied by US lend-lease, tenacity

7.7b, 7.8 WWII, atrocities 18

Ukraine in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s: 5-10 million starved

Africa lecture, writing (post classical) 6.

Under Amda Seyon I 1300s the territory expanded, and trade and culture thrived.

3.3 empires beliefs 10

When persecution continued, first the Pilgrims and then the Puritans came to the American colonies for religious freedom.

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 25

White (bloodless) Revolution in Iran 1963-79 westernization under Shah but clash with Islam, heavy handed, not communist

6.7 migration effects 21

White Australia policy 1901 "It is not the bad qualities, but the good qualities of these alien races that make them so dangerous to us. It is their inexhaustible energy, their power of applying themselves to new tasks, their endurance and low standard of living that make them such competitors." wiki Australia

8.4a, 8.4b communism, socialism 27

Wiki, appears to come from: Grigor, Talinn (2016), Christie, Jessica Joyce; Bogdanović, Jelena; Guzmán, Eulogio (eds.), "Tehran:: A Revolution in Making", Political Landscapes of Capital Cities, University Press of Colorado, pp. 347-376

7.1 shifting power after 1900 4

Year 1900 top economies: US, China, UK, India, Germany, Russia (US 500+, other five 200+), see web pages global OUP, also Mt Holyoke and visual capitalist

Classical World 600 BC to AD 600 part 1 2.

You can remember the four civilizations with the term GRInCh (or Greece, Rome, India, China). You should be able to locate these on a map.

River Valley Civilizations 2.

You can remember the four locations with the acronym TINY MICE or Tigris Euphrates, Indus, Nile and Yellow Rivers; Mesopotamia, India, China and Egypt.

4.1 TECH INNOVATIONS 3

You can use the Big Dipper to find Polaris, which is also known as the North Star. Notice that a line from the two outermost stars in the bowl of the Big Dipper points to Polaris. And notice that Polaris marks the tip of the handle of the Little Dipper. The northern sky is a large clock, with Polaris at its center.

8.2b, 8.3 cold war 10

most of Asia except Japan, South Korea