Mughal Empire (MODERN WORLD HISTORY)

The Mughal Empire blended _______, _______, _______, and _____ cultures to build a successful and brilliant dynasty in India.

Turkish, Persian, Islamic, Hindu

What are the rules of the Indian Caste System?

Within the Indian Caste System, a person is either born into poverty or riches and cannot factor above or below it. Example: A merchant could not rise above and become a bsuiness tycoon nor could he fall below and become a beggar. Castes were permanent

Zamindars consequently _________ alot of power in their localities.

accumulated

Babur possessed advanced weponry such as _________ and a mobile calvary.

artillery

Shah Jahan, Jahangir's son, quickly ordered the _________________ of all his rivals in order to secure his position.

assassination

Local elites increased their power and influence and became less likely to accept the ________ and demands of the emperor.

authority

English ships carried Indian made cotton goods to the East Indies where they were ________ for spices which were then shipped by the England.

bartered

Jahangir lacked his father's military abilities and administrative genius but he still managed to strengthen ______ _______ over the vast empire.

central control

Within the empire, _________ and ____________ flourished.

commerce and manufactoring

When Jahangir finally succeeded him he assumed "________ ____"

complete rule

Akbar won support through __________ and generosity.

diplomacy

The Mughals acquired a vast and ethically _______ empire.

diverse

Shah Jahan's rule was marred by his failure to deal with growing _______ problems.

domestic

Nur Jahan had a penchant for luxury and virtually _______ the treasury with her ambitious charity projects.

emptied

Shah Jahan's mother had virtually ______the treasury.

emptied

Nur Jahan took advantage of ruling in place of Jahangir to ______ her own family.

enrich

Humayun was forced into _____ by an Afghan general.

exile

Akbar wanted to create a "__________ _______"

harmoniuous society

These provinces were generally governed by ____-_______ _________ _______ with a high proportion of Hindus as low-ranking officials.

high-tanking, nonnative Muslims

Akbar became steadily more _______ towards Islam.

hostile

justice was often administered in a relatively _________ and efficient manner.

impartial

Akbar's ideas ALSO blended visions of a world shaped by an __________ ______ in the importance of class hierarchy.

indigenous belief

Akbar displayed a keen _______ in other religions

interest

Many upper class Hindus adopted the Muslim practice of _________ _____ in the home purdah.

isolating women

Basically, Aurangzeb was straight savage, like more than Rihanna in BBHMM or even Jinyoung when he rejected ole girl's hearteu

like, savagery next level

Babur's Mobile Cavalry was made up of what animal?

mounted elephants

It was a hierarchy of paid military _________.

officials

Most were foriegners, but about ___ _____ were Indian Muslims and Hindus.

one third

Although Akbar was thought to be illiterate, he still love to learn. Akbar would ___ ______ __ ____ __ ___.

pay people to read to him.

The Mughals left a dazzling cultural heritage epitomized by their ______ and _____________.

poetry and architecture

In his final years, Akbar and his son were embroiled in a bitter _____ ________.

power struggle

Shah Jahan maintained the system established by his ____________ while expanding the boundaries of the empire

predecessors

Shah Jahan had to ____ to fund such projects, further improvershing.

raise taxes

When drought struck the empire in the 1590s, taxes were _______ or _________ all together.

reduced or suspended

As God's Rep, Akbar ruled over all people, regardless of ________.

religion

The Dehli Sultanate in India was fractured and ravished by _________ ______ between Muslim riulers and the conquered Hindus.

religiuos strife

The Taj was a huge expanse and drain on _________

resources

Under Aurangzeb, the Hindu poll tax was ________.

restored

The Mughals used the services of _____ _______, nobles, and warrior-aristocrats.

royal princes

Mughal provincial governors began to ____ _____________

rule independently

The Ottomans and Safavids had used ______ from non-Muslim countries.

slaves

Nur Jahan used her status to arrange the marriage of her ____ and _____.

son; niece

At this mosque, a ____ ________ was established.

state workshop

A uniform ___ ______ was introduced by Akbar.

tax system

Babur was given the title "___ _____"

the tiger

In the mid 1650s Shah Jahan became ill and ___ ____ began fighting over the succession.

two sons

Three years later an English ________ was established at Surat.

warehouse

Aurangzeb later killed his ______ ______ in order to eliminate competition for the throne.

younger brother

Women in the Mughal Empire possessed ________ rights

zamindar

Local officials, known as _________, were assigned sections of land from which they were to collect taxes.

zamindars

The Social Evils of India

-The Immolation of Widows -Illegal Taxes -The Castration of Eunuchs

Akbar was __ when he succeeded his father.

14 years old

Babur died in ____.

1530

Humayun died a year later after reclaiming his throne. Specifically in what year?

1556

In ____ Hindus were no longer required to pay the Jizya.

1579

Humayun was exiled for __ _____ before reclaiming the throne.

16 years

Akbar died in ____ along with the Divine Faith

1605

The first English fleet to arrive in India came to port of Surat in ____.

1608

In ____ they were permitted to install their own ambassador at the Mughal court at Agra.

1616

Nur Jahan ruled until the death of her husband in _____

1627

Aurangzeb's death in ____ led to a 13 year succession struggle shattering the empire.

1707

In ____ Dehli was sacked by Persians who left the city in ashes and carried off the peacock throne of Shah Jahan.

1739

In ____ the Persian leader, Nadir Shah, from Afghanistan, invaded India

1739

Mughal Power was threatened throughout the ___ _____ both from within and without.

18th Century (1700s)

It took 20,000 masons pver ___ ____ to build.

20 years

Akbar ahd a huge library with more than __,___ _______ __ ______.

24,000 volumes of poetry

Eventually Hindus totaled ___ of the imperial bureaucracy.

30%

Jizya

A poll tax on non-Muslims

The Mughal empire lost territories in ___________.

Afghanistan

Humayun's successor was his son, _____.

Akbar

This workshop and teaching of Persian artisic methods resulted in a belnding of Persian and Indian motifs now known as "_____ _____"

Akbar Style

Akbar, in his "harmonious society," wanted to install what type of social construct?

Akbar wanted to utilize the "Indian Caste System," also known as a class hierarchy.

Who was the Jesuit that Akbar hired to tutor his second son?

Antonio Monserrate

Dara Shikoh was outmaneuvered by __________ who had his brother put to death and his father imprisoned.

Aurangzeb

The founder of the Mughal Dynasty was _____.

Babur

Jahangir also continued the _________ of Persian and Indian Cultures

Blending

Akbar welcomed the expression of ________ views.

Christian

In 1581, Akbar sponsered a new form of worship called the ______ ____

Divine Faith

In 1571, Akbar built a huge mosque and gateway in the city of ________ _____.

Fatehpur Sikir

Akbar saw himself as ___'_ _______________ on earth.

God's Representative

As Jahangir's reign progressed, his ______ __________ and his wife, Nur Jahan, ruled in his place.

Health weakened

Akbar not only tolerated the _____ practices of the Indian people.

Hindu

Akbar encouraged the development of which langauge(s) of literature?

Hindu and Urdu Language

In the localities Muslims were subject to Islamic law but _____ ___ was also permitted to apply to areas settled by Hindus .

Hindu law

Akbar put his policy of religious tolerance into practice by taking a _____ _________ as one of his wives.

Hindu princess

The workshop was primarily established for 200 artists who were mostly ______.

Hindus

Akbar abolished many of the restrictions faced by ______ in a Muslim-dominated society.

Hindus.

Babur's son, _______, did not have the same ambition as Babur.

Humayun

Rajputs

Indian Warrior Princes

Akbar's ideas blended visions of a world shaped by the laws of _____.

Islam

The Divine Faith blended ideas and practices from _____, _________, ______, and _____________.

Islam Hinduism Jainism Christianity

Some historians argue that Akbar totally abandoned ______ and adopted a more _______ model of imperial divinity.

Islam; Persian

Nur Jahan's son was named _____

Jahan

Akbar was apparently poisoned by his son and heir _______.

Jahangir

Akbar established the __________ performing the same type of function as the Ottoman Devshirme.

Mansabdari

Akbar centralized the once independent Indian states into a single plotical system under the sole authority of the ______ _______.

Mughal Emperor

The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan for who?

Mumtaz Mahal

Nonnative Muslims were chosen for what reason?

Nonnatives won't be able to rise up against Akbar.

In 1605, Akbar had conquered all of __________ India.

Northern

Babur conquered much of ________ _____ by the time of his death.

Northern India

Jahangir had an addiction to what?

Opium and Alcohol

Akbar was raised as an ________ ______.

Orthodox Muslim

Akbar Imported _______ culture and dress into his court.

Persian

In Akbar's harmonious society, each individual and group woithin the society would do what?

Play their assigned roles and contribute to the welfare of the society as a whole.

The Dutch soon became active competitors with _________ by the end of the 16th centuryas did the English.

Portugal

The first Europeans to arrive in India were the __________ and they quickly established a monopoly over regional trade in the Indian Ocean.

Portuguese

Akbar divided the empire into _________.

Provinces

Babur led an army of 12,000 against the 100,000 troops belonging to the ______ __ _____.

Sultan of Dehli

Aurangzeb was a principled man and devout _____ ______ who sought to rid India of the social evils.

Sunni Muslim

With the aid of the then Safavid Shah, _______, Humayun regained his throne.

Tahmasp

Babur was a descendent of the great mongol leaders _________ and _______ ____.

Tamerlane and Genghis KHan

Which Muslim Empire was the most religiously tolerant?

The Mughal Empire (under Akbar)

The Social Structure adopted by teh Mughals bears a strong resemblance to what empire?

The Ottoman Empire.