Multiculture Final Exam study

Chp. 9 How did the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) change during the twentieth century?

Black women organized and helped transform the YWCA from a racially segregated organization into one that prioritized racial justice.

Chp. 9 Which of the following is most true about evangelical Christian megachurches?

By preaching interracial solidarity, over a third of megachurches can be defined as multiracial.

Chp. 7 Which best summarizes educational current completion rates by race?

Completion rates for both high school and college have increased for all racial groups.

Chp. 7 Which of the following best describes the legal strategy of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) campaign to end school segregation?

challenged that segregated schools were in fact not equal

Chp. 8 What is one way antiracist art responds to the racist aesthetic?

correcting distorted representations of nonwhites

Chp. 9 Immigrant organizations often aim to help with adjustment to American society. For example, organizations such as the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association and the Chinese-American Planning Council:

oversee English-language classes, career training, and cultural events

Chp. 11 When a person says that "a person's character counts more than race" when competing for jobs or school admissions, they are relying on:

the ideology of color-blindness

Chp. 11 The legislation that prohibits discrimination by housing lenders and landlords is called:

the Fair Housing Act

Chp. 8 Audience conduct that is "orderly, regulated, learned, prosperous, and civilized" is characteristic of:

highbrow culture

Chp. 9 The term we use to describe the cause of strong racial variation in civic participation is:

homophily

Chp. 7 In many U.S. classroom settings, students of color are often dubbed the "experts" on race through what practice?

asking students of color to speak for an entire population

Chp. 10 Because many American Indians are married to non-American Indians, they often find themselves looking through the cultural lens of their partners and expanding their perspective. This type of emotional work is called:

cultural labor

Chp. 11 If a person seeks to expand his or her cultural awareness by changing his or her social settings and experiences, that person is:

engaging in indirect individual change

Chp. 10 Formalized legal restrictions against interracial marriages during the 1950s was a type of:

external sanction

Chp. 7 What was the primary objective of cultural reeducation of American Indians?

force them to assimilate into Anglo-American society and culture

Chp. 11 One problem with Horace Kallen's ideal of a hyphenated, culturally pluralistic society is that ______________.

it doesn't address the obstacles hindering the incorporation of nonwhites into a majority-white nation

Chp. 11 What is the basic problem with statements such as "Blacks are very athletic."?

its a form of racist microaggression and reinforcing stereotypes of POC.

Chp. 7 Shamus Khan argues that highly privileged students at the nation's most elite private schools benefit most from:

learning an attitude of cultural ease

Chp. 7 What roadblock strategy was responsible for slowing the pace of desegregation?

legislative acts known as "public placement"

Chp. 8 What is an example of cultural appropriation?

mass production and sale of the Palestinian kaffiyeh in the United States

Chp. 7 Annette Laureau, author of Unequal Childhoods, argues that class differences in parenting are:

mostly about language, attitudes, and behaviors

Chp. 10 Noting that being from the inner-city, the suburbs, or a rural area is acknowledging the importance of ________________ as a part of individual identity.

geography

Chp. 11 A white politician, acknowledging the ways in which policies he previously supported have negatively impacted communities of color, makes the statement that he "only hopes that I can somehow change who I am in my remaining lifetime and pass on to my children what I've learned. . ." In this example, the man most likely:

has confronted how his identity and actions feed racism

Chp. 9 African American fraternal lodges and federations (such as the Masons):

nurtured African American solidarity and supported many instances of civil rights advocacy

Chp. 7 The textbook authors use the example that Latina/o teens are more likely than Anglo teens to "make fun of people who try to do well in school" to illustrate which concept?

oppositional culture

Chp. 11 Which industry that exploits the economic plight of the poor and racial minorities does Chapter 11 note as having more stores across the United States than McDonald's restaurants?

pay-day lenders

Chp. 7. Though often forced to attend boarding schools run by Christian missionaries and later the federal government, American Indian students regularly resisted this "indoctrination into whiteness." Which of the following, as described in Chapter 7, is an example of such resistance?

performing important ceremonies in secret

Chp. 11 In American history, the assimilation model:

required that people adopt the predominant cultural norms of the established society of power and influence while minimizing the practices of their racial/ethnic groups

Chp. 8 Achieving commercial success at the expense of a political message or an artist's authenticity is often referred to as what?

selling out

Chp. 7 In 1895, Booker T. Washington gave a speech known as "the Atlanta compromise." In it, he suggested that appropriate race relations were comparable to the relationship between:

the fingers and the hand

Chp. 11 When the membership of a racial justice social movement is itself multiracial

the goals of the movement are reflected in its composition

Chp. 11 In the United States, the census bureau classifies Hispanic-origin people as being either racially black or racially white. This classification is an example of:

society's symbolic order

Chp. 8 The sale of imitation Native American headdresses at popular music festivals by non-Native groups to be worn predominantly by non-Native Americans, thereby weakening the political and cultural significance of the headdress, is an example of:

strategic amnesia

Chp. 10 Alabama did not remove language from its state constitution prohibiting interracial marriage until 2000. Though not legally binding, the language operated as a powerful:

symbol

Chp. 8 Your textbook mentions films like Mississippi Burning, To Kill a Mockingbird, Black Hawk Down, and The Matrix. What common movie theme do these films present?

the white savior theme

Chp. 11 According to the textbook authors, when it comes to confronting people who make racist comments:

thinking about your timing to challenge the comments may be as important as what you say

Chp. 9 Kathleen Blee conducted research on women who were involved in white supremacist groups and found that most:

were middle class, had college educations, and were gainfully employed

Chp. 11 An aspect of the color-blind ideology called "color-blind racism" occurs when:

whites use the language and rhetoric of color-blindness to discriminate against blacks and other people of color

Chp. 10 When we say that interactions operate at the "mezzanine level of social structure," what does that mean?

Interactions between people and the styles of interactions others observe of people in groups are patterned, reflect social structure, and are sometimes generalized into racial assumptions.

Chp. 9 Although the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was largely a white Protestant movement, formed with the explicit purpose of promoting racial and ethnic conflict, it wasn't the only one. Another example the textbook gives is ____ associations established to wage battle with _____ ones.

Irish; Italian

Chp. 9 When an individual is the victim of a hate crime, how does that crime typically impact the larger racial and ethnic community of which he or she is a part?

It puts community members on notice by making them aware that there are people out there who want to hurt them.

Chp. 8 Aside from limiting professional options for nonwhite models, what is one consequence of the overrepresentation of white models in the fashion industry?

It reinforces the features of white women as the standards of beauty.

Chp. 9 The mastermind and primary spokesperson for the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) was:

Marcus Garvey

Chp. 7 In what way does whiteness impact the field of anthropology?

Marginalized populations are treated as exotic objects of study.

Chp. 9 Which of the following is an accurate statement about the relationship among Christian religious congregations, race and ethnicity, and the neighborhoods churches are located in?

Most churches are approximately ten times less racially diverse than the neighborhoods in which they are located.

Chp. 9 Sociologists Michael Emerson and Karen Chai Kim have argued that despite the racial inte-gration that has been occurring in other institutions, the vast majority of the more than 300,000 religious congregations—the largest and most active voluntary associations—involve members who are of the same race. List two reasons why this is.

3/5 Homophily

Chp. 9 What are the key demographic characteristics of the states with the highest percentages of white nationalists per 100,000 people?

3/5 a lot of them are towards the northeast.

Chp. 7 What is one way that social capital may be a "double-edged sword" with respect to its impact on high school performance?

3/5 its a double edged sword because the taxing from the community is low which in turn reflects the quilty of the high school. lack of resources in the school makes for poor performance which gives the kids fewer skill sets.

Chp.8 How is The Brady Bunch an example of the white aesthetic in television?

3/5 poc are depicted in a negative light. the white experience seem "normal"

Chp. 8 Identify two reasons that some prominent African Americans have called for a boycott of rap music.

3/5 they believe it's a bad influence

Chp. 10 Explain how gays and lesbians of color may be susceptible to suffering from a "double rejec-tion."

5/5 Gays and lesbians of color are singled out by the larger society for their skin color, and by their ethnic community for their being gay.

Chp. 10 Why do Hispanic men have a relative advantage when it comes to the labor market and mar-riage as compared to black men?

5/5 Hispanic men are more likely to be employed even when they are recent immigrants. Also, American prison boom incorporating more African American men. Both diminishing the marriage pool of African American men.

Chp. 7 Explain the concept of a "model minority."

5/5 a group of minorities whose members are thought to achieve a higher degree of socioeconomic success than the average population.

Chp. 9 Mainstream American society contains many misconceptions about American Indian spirituality and Christianity, including the idea that:

American Indians incorporate traditional practices, such as praying to animals and nature, prioritizing these practices as more central than Christian scripture and rituals

Chp. 9 Robert Putnam, the author of the modern classic Bowling Alone, argues which of the fol-lowing about American civil society?

Americans' participation in civil society is a way to gauge how trustful and connected we are to one another, and by those indicators, American civil society is in trouble.

Chp. 9 Comparing Asian Americans who are Christian to Asian Americans who are Buddhist indicates that:

Asian American Buddhists in the United States have adapted their worship patterns because many Buddhist temples have conformed to the structure of American worship patterns, meeting only on the weekends like Christian churches

Chp. 11 What are the limits of "diversity training"?

Diversity training has expanded to incorporate so much difference that it signals human variation instead of calling forth structural racism.

Chp. 11 During the period of urbanization in American society that was part of the industrial revolution, America imported a model of slum exploitation that had been widespread in what region?

Europ

Chp. 8 Where can we find the roots of our problematic ideas about "cultural authenticity"?

European colonizers

Chp. 8 From a sociological perspective, what is the problematic underlying assumption behind the increasingly popular question, "Why do white youth love hip-hop?

Hip-hop has not reached the status of "true art."

Chp. 7 Which group is the most likely to drop out of high school?

Native Americans

Chp. 10 Black women are the least likely group in American society to marry. Some analysts even estimate rates as low as what?

One in three black women will marry in her lifetime.

Chp. 8 What makes some comedy fit into the racist aesthetic and other comedy fit into the antiracist aesthetic?

Racist comedy relies on stereotypes; antiracist comedy uses humor to break down stereotypes.

Chp. 7 Research shows that students of color are about 10 percent more likely to experience what in college classrooms compared to their white peers?

Research shows that students of color are about 10 percent more likely to experience what in college classrooms compared to their white peers?

Chp. 7 What is one way that racism is embedded in the structure of schools, as described in the textbook?

Students are tracked such that whites and Asians have disproportionate access to the most intellectually stimulating classes.

Chp. 9 What was one of the differences between the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and the NAACP?

The UNIA placed women in positions of leadership; the NAACP did not.

Chp. 9 Which of the following is a true statement about hate groups in the United States?

The United States has experienced a recent resurgence of hate groups.

Chp. 10 According to the textbook, what is the relationship between societal attitudes about interracial marriage and raising the question, "What about the children?"

The question is often positioned as a rationalization for being opposed to interracial marriages and comes frequently as a way to package that disapproval without being forthright.

Chp. 7 A group of students argue with their professor that their assigned history text is inadequate because it ignores the influence of slave revolts in achieving emancipation. According to Prudence Carter, how should we understand their behavior?

The students are resistant to a curriculum that does not adequately represent their heritage.

Chp. 8 According to sociologist Georg Simmel, what happens when lower classes begin to copy the fashions of the upper class?

The upper class abandons the style and finds something new.

Chp. 10 Which of the following did Edward Morris find in his ethnography of white students in a majority black school in Texas?

The white students used the term "white" to insult one another for personality traits such as being nerdy.

Chp. 11 What is the 80/20 phenomenon?

This is the idea that roughly 80 percent of social change is brought about by 20 percent of the population.

Chp. 10 Andi, a twenty-three-year old white woman, hesitated to introduce her African American boyfriend to her parents, who are both white. All of her friends from college have already met her boyfriend. According to the textbook, what might this decision say about attitudes toward interracial dating?

Younger people tend to be more accepting of interracial dating than older people are.

What is one reason that the antiracist aesthetic is not featured as prominently in venues such as art museums?

Whites are overrepresented in positions of power in such venues.

Chp. 10 The practice known as a "Mississippi appendectomy" is best described by which of the following?

a forced sterilization performed on a poor black woman in the South as practice for med-ical residents at teaching hospital

Chp. 11 The dismantling of many Jim Crow Era segregation policies is an example of what type of change?

a legal and institutional change

Chp. 11 According to Elijah Anderson, a "cosmopolitan canopy" is:

a pluralistic space where people come to appreciate one another's differences and empathize with each other

Chp. 11 A metaphor for the multicultural framework that the textbook mentions is:

a salad bowl

Chp. 10 According to sociologist Kenneth Clark, for some inner-city African American and Latina women, an out-of-wedlock birth is:

a symbol of their womanhood

Chp. 7 Which of the following is most likely to work as a form of "cultural capital"?

ability to distinguish between works of classical music

Chp. 10The "ghetto pass" in Ice Cube's song "True to the Game" is:

an implied right to authentic blackness that can be taken away if one acts outside of race norms

Chp. 10 Which of the following is an accurate explanation for why homosexuality is viewed by some African Americans as a predominantly "white" phenomenon?

because the social construction of black sexuality precludes the possibility of homosexuality

Chp. 7 In what way might Margaret Mead's classic ethnographic study, Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilization, illustrate the whiteness in education?

by describing the people in the study as uniform and homogenous

Chp. 8 What is the way for nonwhite artists to free themselves from the dominance of the white gaze?

depict people of color as full, complex humans

Chp. 10 In 1930s America, economic pressures resulted in which of the following impacts for nonwhite families?

efforts to force repatriations of Mexicans and Mexican Americans to Mexico

Chp. 10 Data from a study of contemporary Internet (online) dating showed that the group of women most likely to exclude men from their own racial category as potential mates was:

heterosexual Asian women

Chp. 9 Homophily

is a matter of pulling friends in

Chp. 7 Which features of affirmative action do most Americans overestimate?

prevalence and power

Chp. 7 In most U.S. public universities, the fact that Muslim students are required to attend classes during Ramadan is an example of what?

privileging of certain groups' history, culture, and needs over others'

Chp. 7 Which of the following suggestions do the textbook authors provide as a potential way to encourage equity in secondary education?

provide incentives for highly experienced teachers with the best qualifications to teach in disadvantaged schools

Chp. 10 When an Indian American father tells his teenage daughter to be chaste and traditional and not promiscuous and weak like white American women, he is alluding to the way in which:

racial identity is defined through certain sexual practices and performances

Chp. 11 To argue that schools should adjust their curriculum so that African, Asian, and indigenous accounts of history be incorporated with equal weight alongside European accounts is to advocate for:

racial justice and democracy

Chp. 11 Jeremy, who is white, has been thinking about how he teases his friend Lee, who is Asian, about being "good at math." Jeremy has recently come to realize that by making such claims, he is using a stereotype and has determined to stop making such jokes. This type of personal change is a result of:

the openness of Jeremy to deliberate reflection and self-criticism about his actions

Chp. 11 An approach to racial interaction that advocates for confrontational interactions to challenge the racial order is called:

the race traitor approach

Chp. 8 Treating whiteness as the universal default category is an example of what?

the white aesthetic

Chp. 10 When people examine the overlap of their own intersecting identities, they may be likely to overlook the impact of their privileged identities, as described in which of the following examples?

an upper-middle-class black woman who minimizes the role of her economic position

Chp. 8 What is the sociological term that refers to the sum of one's knowledge about established and valued cultural activities and practices?

cultural capital

Chp. 8 What is "narrowcasting"?

creating television shows designed to target specific racial or ethnic groups

Chp. 8 An art museum recently decreased the price of admission, instituted admission-free Sundays, and offered free art education classes at a nearby low-income public school. These efforts can help the museum to:

increase attendance among the poor and working class

Chp. 9 During the early-to-mid-twentieth century, labor unions largely remained racially homogenous, white-dominated, and exclusionary. When they did promote integration, as early as the late 1800s through the Civil Rights Movement, an advantage of this integration was that:

integrated labor unions helped challenge the dominant stereotype of blacks, Hispanics, and other people of color as "strikebreakers"

Chp. 8 Norman Rockwell's paintings and country music songs that reminisce over the "good old days" are examples of what concept?

racial nostalgia

Chp. 9 On one hand, racial tourism can denaturalize racial categories and provide people with a kind of racial freedom that offline life does not permit. On the other hand, too often racial tourism:

reinforces racial divides through stereotypes

Chp. 9 The Internet was used effectively to extend the reach of the Hawaiian language revitalization movement, demonstrating that:

the Internet can be a useful tool for building community and providing avenues for people to communicate in their language and redeem interest in and use of that language

Chp. 9 What is "boundary work"?

the collection of practices by which people maintain or challenge racial relations of exclusivity or inclusivity

Chp. 11 For proponents of the color-blind framework, what is the role of racial identity in society?

the racial identity is not identified. it's denying ones self their racial identity.

Chp. 10 A beauty product marketed to Asian American women with the intent of "lightening" their skin represents:

the racialization of Asian femininity toward white standards

Chp. 8 Presenting racism as an individual, psychological issue while neglecting structural and institutional racism is a part of what concept?

the racist aesthetic

Chp. 8 What is Victoria's Secret's "Sexy Little Geisha" merchandise an example of?

the racist aesthetic

Chp. 10 When you hear a black man today saying that some black women are "too bossy," he may be unconsciously referring to:

the stereotype of the "black matriarch"

Chp. 10 When people argue that race is marked, or socially constructed, what are they referring to

the way that race "imposes itself on you" through America's racial taxonomy