Muscle Connective Tissues and Fascicles
unipennate
all fascicles approach tendon from one side
insertion
attachment site at its more mobile end
retinaculum
band of connective tissue that covers surfaces
origin
bony site of attachment at the relatively stationary end
aponeurosis
broad tendon sheet
action
effect produced by a muscle, produce or prevent movement
triangular(convergent) muscles
fan shaped, strong, contain a large number of fibers in the wider section
bipennate
fascicles approach the tendon from both sides
pennate
feather shaped, fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon that runs the length of the muscle
tendon
fibrous band or sheath
epimysium
fibrous sheath that covers the entire muscle
circular muscles(sphincters)
form rings around certain openings
muscle compartment
group of functionally related muscles enclosed and separated from others by fascia, contains nerves and blood vessels that supply that muscle group
direct(fleshy)attachment
little separation between muscle and bone. Muscle seems to emerge directly from the bone but microscopically the fibers stop slightly short of the bone
belly
middle, thicker region
synergist
muscle that aides the prime mover, stabilizes joint, can modify direction of a movement so prime action is more coordinated and specific
antagonist
muscle that opposes the prime mover, maintains some tension on a joint or relaxes to give the prime mover control
fixator
muscle that prevents a bone from moving
prime mover(agonist)
muscle that produces most of the force during a joint action
antagonist pair
muscles that act on opposite sides of a joint
fascicles
parallel bundles of muscle fibers
intermuscular septa
separates one compartment from another, thick
multipennate
shaped like a bunch of feathers with their quills meeting at a single point
fascia
sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles or muscle groups
fusiform
spindle shape, thick in the middle and tapered on each end, strong ex. biceps brachii
indirect attachment
the muscle ends short of its bony destination, bridged by a tendon
perimysium
thicker connective tissue sheath that wraps muscle fibers in bundles
endomysium
thin sleeve of loose connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber
parallel muscles
uniform width, parallel fascicles, span long distances, shorten more than other types