Muscles

Soleus

Originates from the upper part of the fibula and the arch connecting the fibula to the tibia. Combines with gastrocnemius so inserts at calcaneus also. Plantar flexes the ankle.

Biceps femoris

Originates in two places. The ischial tuberosity and linea aspera. Its fibres join and then insert into the head of fibula. Its an extensor of hip and a flexor of the knee. Acts to externallu rotate the flexed knee

Tibialis anterior

Originates on anterior shaft of tibia. Inserts on the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal. It dorsiflexrs the ankle and inverts the foot.

Vastus lateralis

Originates on laterak side of linea aspera and great trochanter. Joins at patellar tendon. Used for knee extension.

Extensor digitorum longus

Originates on lateral condyle of tibia. Inserts on the phalanges of the second to fifth digits. Extends toes.

Gluteus medius

Originates on lateral surface of the ilium. Attaches to posterior surface of the greater trochanter. Responsible for abduction and internal rotation of thigh

Gluteus minimus

Originates on lateral surface of the ilium. Attaches to the anterior surface of greater trochanter. Responsible for abduction and internal rotation of thigh

Brachialis

Originates on lower anterior surface of humerus. Inserts at the coronoid process of ulna. Acts as an elbow flexor

Biceps brachii

Originates on scapula. Coracoid process and and supraglenoid tubercle. Attaches on the radius on the landmark radial tuberosity. Powerful supinator of the forearm. Once forearm is in supine position it acts to flex the elbow.

Extensor hallucis

Originates on the anterior middle region of fibula. Inserts on the distal phalanx of the first toe. Extends big toe

Vastus intermedius

Originates on the anterior shaft of the femur. Joins at patellar tendon. Good for knee extension

Pronator quadratus

Originates on the anterior surface of the distal ulna. Inserts on the anterior surface of the distal radius. Pronates the forearm.

Extensor digitorum

Originates on the lateral epicondyle of humerus. Inserts on all the digits except the thumb. Extends interphalangeal joints

Vastus medialis

Originates on the medial aspect of the linea aspera. Join at pateller tendon. Used for knee extension

Pronator teres

Originates on the medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna. Inserts on the lateral surface of the midshaft of the radius. Pronates forearm and helps flex the elbow.

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Originates on the medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of the ulna and the anterior midshaft of radius. Inserts at the second phalanges of fingers 2 and 5. It flexes the interphalangeal joints of digits 2 and 5.

Palmaris longus

Originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. It inserts in a dense connective structure called palmaris aponeurosis. Weak flexor of the wrist.

Flexor hallucis longus

Originates on the posterior aspect of the fibula. Inserts on the distal phalanx of the big toe. Flexes big toe

Flexor digitorum longus

Originates on the posterior middle region of the tibia. Inserts on the phalanges of the second to fifth digits. Flexes the toes.

Tibialis posterior

Originates on the posterior surface of the tibia and fibula. Inserts on the tuberosity of the naviculat bone. Plantar flexes the ankle and inverts the foot.

Gluteus maximus

Orignates along crest of the ilium,sacrum and coccyx. Attaches to the posterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur and iliotibial tract. Responsible for hip extension and external rotation

Tensor fasciae latae

Orignates at anterior iliac crest. Inserts at the iliotibial tract. Serves to flex, abduct and medially rotate the thigh

Coracobrachialis

Orignates from the coracoid process of the scapula and runs medially to the short head of the biceps brachii. Inserts on the medial aspect of the humerus. Acts as a flexor and adductor of the arm

Popliteus

Orignates on the lateral condyle of the femur. Inserts on the proximal shaft of the tibia on the posterior side below the medial condyle. Medially rotates the leg to unlock the knee and initiate flexion

Deltoid

The muscle orginates from the clavicle the acromion and spine of scapula. The anterior lateral and posterior heads meet at a common insertion on the humerous. Called deltoid tuberosity. Anterior head flexes and medially rotates the shoulder joint. Lateral head abducts the arm and the posterior head extends and laterally rotates the arm.

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Two orgins: the lateral epicondyle of humerus and the ulna. Inserts at the base of the fifth metacarpal bone. Extends and adducts the hand and wrist

Psoas minor

Originates from the twelth thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae. Inserts at the top of pubic bone. It is a weak trunk flexor

Iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major)

Iliacus originates on inner surface of the ilium. Psoas major originates from the first 5 lumbar vertebrae. Iliacus inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur. Psoas majot inserts on the lesser trochanter of femur. Iliacus is responsible for hip flexion. Psoas major is for hip and or trunk flexion

Pectoralis minor

It originates from the third fourth and fifth ribs. Inserts into the tip of the corocoid process of the scapula. Elevates the ribs and depresses and protracts the scapula

Triceps brachii

Lateral head orginates on the posterior aspect of the humerus. Long head originates on the infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Medial head originates on posterior aspect of the humerus. Inserts on the upper part of the ulna called olecranon. Main extensor of the arm

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Located on the ulnar side of the forearm. Two heads: medial epicondyle of humerus and the olecranon. These heads combine and insert via pisiform bone into the base of the fifth metacarpal at the wrist. Flexes and adducts the wrist.

Rhomboid major and minor

Major orginates from t2-t5. Minor orginates from c7-t1. Major inserts on lower medial border of scapula. Minor inserts on medial border of scapula at the level of the scapular spine. Help the trapezius in downward rotation of scspula and help in adduction or retraction of scapula.

Brachioradialis

Orgin above the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Inserts at the styloid process on the radius. Powerful elbow flexor. Sometimes plays a bigger rold than biceps

Fibularia brevis and fibularis longus

Originate on the fibula. Insert at the fifth and first metatarsal respectively.allow plantar flexion of ankle and eversion of the foot

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Originates above lateral epicondyle of humerus. Inserts at the base of second metacarpal. Helps to extend and abduct the wrist

Adductor brevis

Originates at body of inferior ramus of pubis. Inserts at the pectineal line and linea aspera. Used for hip adduction and flexion

Semitendinosus

Originates at ischial tuberosity. Inserts at the proximal part of the tibia below the medial condyle. Flexes and internally rotates the knee and extends hip.

Rectus femoris

Originates at the anterior inferior iliac spine. Joins at a common tendon, pateller tendon then finally inserts on the tibial tuberosity of the tibia. Used for knee extension and hip flexion

Sartorius

Originates at the anterior superior iliac spine. Inserts on the medial surface of the tibia. Acts across two joints. Responsible for flexion and outward rotation of hip and helps flex the knee

Trapezius

Originates at the base of the occipital bomr and sll cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Inserts on the spine of the scapula, the acromion clavicle. Functions as scapular Elevation, adduction/retraction, upward rotation and depression. Also extends the neck

Adductor longus

Originates at the body of pubis. Inserts at the linea aspera. used for hip adduction

Adductor magnus

Originates at the inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberoristy. Inserts at linea aspera and adductor tubercle. Used for hip adduction and extension.

Gracilis

Originates at the inferior ramus of pubis. Inserts below the medial tibial condyle. Adducts the hip and flexes the knee

Anconeus

Originates at the lateral epicondyle of humerus. Inserts on lateral surface of the olecranon on the posterior surface of ulna. Helps the triceos in extending the arm.

Supinator

Originates at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Inserts on the anterior and lateral aspect of the radius. Helps biceps brachii in supinating the forearm

Flexor carpi radialis

Originates at the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Inserts at second metacarpal bone. Flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist.

Pectineus

Originates at the superior ramus of pubis. Inserts at the lesser trochanter to linea aspera. Used for hip adduction and flexion.

Semimembranosus

Originates from ischial tuberosity. Its fibres insert in the posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle. Flexes the knee and rotates it inward. Helps extends hip

Extensor digit minimi

Originates from lateral epicondyle of humerus. Inserts of 5th digit. Extends the joints of little finger

Serratus anterior

Originates from the first eight to nine ribs. It inserts on the anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula. Helps in upward rotation and abduction or protraction of scapula.

Levator scapulae

Originates from the four upper cervical vertebrae near the base of the skull. Inserts on the upper medial border of the scapula. Elevates the scapula. Rotates the scapula downward.

Teres major

Originates from the inferior lateral border of the scapula. Inserts at the medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. Functions as a medial rotator, adductor and extends the humerus at shoulder

Gastrocnemius

Originates from the lateral and medial condyles of femur. The heads attach to a common tendon which fuses with the tendon of the soleus. Overall inserts at the calcaneus. Plantar flexes the ankle and flexes the knee.

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

orginates from the lateral epicondyle of humerus.