MUSIC APPRECIATION FINAL UAB (unfinished!)

Guillaume de Machaut

Agnus Dei from Notre Dame Mass

Gregorian Chant song

Alleluia: Vidimus stellam (We Have Seen His Star)

Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major (1786) Wolfgang

Amadeus Mozart composed

Trio Sonata in A minor, Op. 3, No. 10 (1689)

Arcangelo Corelli (sonata)

Joseph Haydn

Austrian 104 Symphonies, String Quartets, "Die Schöpfung" (The Creation Milton's Paradise Lost and the book of Genesis), Masses

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Austrian, son of a professional musician 41 Symphonies, String Quartets, Masses, Operas, Requiem

2 giants of Late Baroque composition

Bach and Handel

theme and variations

Basic idea presented and then repeated over and over

String Quartet in C Minor, Op. 18, No. 4, IV.

Beethoven: composed

Middle Ages Secular

Chanson or Rondeau: Puis qu'en oubli (Machaut) Dance: Estampie(Instrumental)

What was the center of musical life in Middle Ages?

Church Music was primarily vocal and sacred

Tu se' morta from Orfeo

Claudio Monteverdi composed

Genres and Musical Examples of the Baroque

Concerto Fugue Suite Sonata Opera oratorio the chorale & church cantata

Surprise

Franz Joseph Haydn (theme variation)

Opera comique

French opera

Ritornello - "little return"

Frequently used in first & last movements of concerto grosso

The Messiah

George Frederic Handel (oratorio)

Ludwig van Beethoven

German Wrote in all classical genres • Believed in period's societal changes Wrote final pieces while totally deaf

Johann Sebastian Bach

German Wrote in every form except opera

Singspiel

German opera

George Frideric Handel

Germany

Kyrie)

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

•Pope Marcellus Mass (1567)

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

Middle Age genres

Gregorian Chant

Pope Gregory I

Gregorian Chant

Buried beneath the organ in Westminster Abbey

Henry Purcell

the fugue

Highly organized and IMITATIVE form

Characteristics of Gregorian Chant

No regular beat or pulse • Monophonic melody • Sacred • Latin text • A Cappella

Hildegard of Bingen

O successores (You successors) - Gregorian Chant

Classical Symphony (Genre)

Movements (Tempos and Forms) I (fast) Sonata II (slow) Theme and Variations III (dance) Minuet and Trio IV (fast) Sonata or Rondo

Don Giovanni

Mozart (opera)

As Vesta was Descending (1601)

Thomas Weelkes (Madrigal)

classical concerto

for instrumental soloist and orchestra

Texture of Baroque

imitation Bass (Basso Continuo)

Sonata Form

Used in most 1st movements of Sonatas, Symphonies, Concertos and String Quartets Based on repetition and contrast

secular music in the Renaissance

VOCAL MUSIc Madrigal

La Primavera (Spring), Op. 8, No. 1 from The Four Seasons (1725)

Vivaldi's

Eine kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music), K. 525, 3rd movement (1787)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (minuet and trio)

Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550, 1st movement

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (sonata form)

the baroque suite

Written for listening, but based upon dance •Allemande, Courant, Sarabande, (Optional Dance), and Gigue. (ACSOG)

the baroque sonata

a piece to be played (instrumental) Three-movement piece for one to eight instruments

Invention of _______ widened the circulation of music

printing press

Guillaume de Machaut wrote what types of music?

secular and sacred

Dynamics of Baroque

terraced

Classical Genres

• Symphony • Concerto • Sonata • String Quartet

Contrast of mood Classical

•Contrasts both between and within movements

Madrigal

•For small number of singers, set to a short poem, usually about love, a cappella Word painting Began in Italy

Classical composers

•Haydn •Mozart •Beethoven

Texture Classical

•Mostly homophonic

Texture Renaissance

•Polyphonic •Imitation among the voices

Words and Music Renaissance

•Vocal music was more important than instrumental •Word painting •Wide range of emotion

Dynamic (end)

basso continuo

Vienna

became capital of music during classical

Instrumental music intended for ___ in Renaissance

dancing

Concerto grosso

For small groups of soloists and orchestra Usually 3 movements

Instruments and Manuscripts in Middle Ages

.Instruments were not used in church •Few medieval instruments have survived •Music manuscripts did not indicate tempo, dynamics, or rhythm

the chorale & church cantata

-Multi-movement church work for chorus, soloists, and orchestra -Religious text in German (vernacular) -Resembled opera in its use of choruses, recitatives, arias, and duets

Renaissance timeline

(1450 - 1600)

THE BAROQUE PERIOD

(1600 - 1750)

THE ROMANTIC PERIOD (1820 - 1900)

(1820 - 1900)

Middle Ages timeline

(450 - 1450)

Josquin des Prez

(Ave Maria . . .)

Opera seria vs. Opera buffa

(Italian) opera

• Strings were the backbone

(Violin, Viola, Cello, Bass)

Joseph Haydn

1732 to 1809: early and mid-classical period Austrian composer Symphonies, String Quartets, "Die Schöpfung" (The Creation Milton's Paradise Lost and the book of Genesis), Masses

classical chamber music

Designed for the intimate setting of a room Most important setting is string quartet -2 violins, viola, cello

the elements of opera

Drama sung to orchestral accompaniment with costumes, scenery, props, named characters libretto Recitative or Aria

Henry Purcell

English Ground Bass

Well Tempered Clavier

Equal Temperament System of Tuning makes all ½ steps equal

Medieval dance music

Estampie

Sonata Form

Exposition Development Recapitulation

Mood of Baroque music

Expresses one mood throughout piece

the classical symphony

Extended cadenza (solo)

Antonio Vivaldi

Italian Il prete rosso (the red-headed priest) Famous as virtuoso violinist and composer •Programmatic Music - music with an extra- musical poem or story

Claudio Monteverdi

Italian sacred music and secular music for the aristocracy

______ became leading music center during Renaissance

Italy

Little Fugue in G minor

Johann Sebastian Bach

Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme (Awake, a Voice Is Calling Us), 1st, 4th, & 7th movements (1731)

Johann Sebastian Bach (chorus)

Brandenberg Concerto No. 5 in D major

Johann Sebastian Bach (concerto grosso)

Suite No. 3 in D major, 2nd, 4th, and 5th movements (1729 - 1731)

Johann Sebastian Bach composed

Flow My Tears (about 1600)

John Dowland (1563 - 1626) (Lute Song)

Renaissance Lute Song

John Dowland - English Song for solo voice and lute Popular instrument in the Renaissance home

the oratorio

Like opera No acting, scenery, or costumes Based upon biblical stories - Old Testament Not intended for religious services

Middle Ages Sacred

Mass Organum Chant

sacred music in the Renaissance

Motet Mass

first large-scale opera

Orfeo (Monteverdi, 1607):

the classical era

Scientific advances changed worldview -Faith in the power of reason

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC during Renaissance

Still less important than vocal music

Ludwig van Beethoven composed

Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67, 1st & 2nd movements (1808)

minuet and trio

Ternary form based upon stately court dance of the baroque

the development of polyphony

organum

Movements often contrast ___ vividly (classical)

themes

the French nobles who were poet-musicians that composed secular music in middle ages

troubadours (southern France) trouvères (northern France)

School of Notre Dame (Paris)

• Leonin & Perotin developed notation of precise rhythms

String Quartet Classical

• Most popular chamber music genre • One on a part • No conductor!

• "The Four Seasons"

• One Concerto for each of the seasons - Autumn, Winter, Spring and Summer • Each has 3 movements (Fast/slow/fast)

Classical Forms

• Sonata Form • Theme and Variations • Minuet and Trio • Rondo