MUSIC APPRECIATION FINAL UAB (unfinished!)
Guillaume de Machaut
Agnus Dei from Notre Dame Mass
Gregorian Chant song
Alleluia: Vidimus stellam (We Have Seen His Star)
Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major (1786) Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart composed
Trio Sonata in A minor, Op. 3, No. 10 (1689)
Arcangelo Corelli (sonata)
Joseph Haydn
Austrian 104 Symphonies, String Quartets, "Die Schöpfung" (The Creation Milton's Paradise Lost and the book of Genesis), Masses
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Austrian, son of a professional musician 41 Symphonies, String Quartets, Masses, Operas, Requiem
2 giants of Late Baroque composition
Bach and Handel
theme and variations
Basic idea presented and then repeated over and over
String Quartet in C Minor, Op. 18, No. 4, IV.
Beethoven: composed
Middle Ages Secular
Chanson or Rondeau: Puis qu'en oubli (Machaut) Dance: Estampie(Instrumental)
What was the center of musical life in Middle Ages?
Church Music was primarily vocal and sacred
Tu se' morta from Orfeo
Claudio Monteverdi composed
Genres and Musical Examples of the Baroque
Concerto Fugue Suite Sonata Opera oratorio the chorale & church cantata
Surprise
Franz Joseph Haydn (theme variation)
Opera comique
French opera
Ritornello - "little return"
Frequently used in first & last movements of concerto grosso
The Messiah
George Frederic Handel (oratorio)
Ludwig van Beethoven
German Wrote in all classical genres • Believed in period's societal changes Wrote final pieces while totally deaf
Johann Sebastian Bach
German Wrote in every form except opera
Singspiel
German opera
George Frideric Handel
Germany
Kyrie)
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
•Pope Marcellus Mass (1567)
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Middle Age genres
Gregorian Chant
Pope Gregory I
Gregorian Chant
Buried beneath the organ in Westminster Abbey
Henry Purcell
the fugue
Highly organized and IMITATIVE form
Characteristics of Gregorian Chant
No regular beat or pulse • Monophonic melody • Sacred • Latin text • A Cappella
Hildegard of Bingen
O successores (You successors) - Gregorian Chant
Classical Symphony (Genre)
Movements (Tempos and Forms) I (fast) Sonata II (slow) Theme and Variations III (dance) Minuet and Trio IV (fast) Sonata or Rondo
Don Giovanni
Mozart (opera)
As Vesta was Descending (1601)
Thomas Weelkes (Madrigal)
classical concerto
for instrumental soloist and orchestra
Texture of Baroque
imitation Bass (Basso Continuo)
Sonata Form
Used in most 1st movements of Sonatas, Symphonies, Concertos and String Quartets Based on repetition and contrast
secular music in the Renaissance
VOCAL MUSIc Madrigal
La Primavera (Spring), Op. 8, No. 1 from The Four Seasons (1725)
Vivaldi's
Eine kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music), K. 525, 3rd movement (1787)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (minuet and trio)
Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550, 1st movement
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (sonata form)
the baroque suite
Written for listening, but based upon dance •Allemande, Courant, Sarabande, (Optional Dance), and Gigue. (ACSOG)
the baroque sonata
a piece to be played (instrumental) Three-movement piece for one to eight instruments
Invention of _______ widened the circulation of music
printing press
Guillaume de Machaut wrote what types of music?
secular and sacred
Dynamics of Baroque
terraced
Classical Genres
• Symphony • Concerto • Sonata • String Quartet
Contrast of mood Classical
•Contrasts both between and within movements
Madrigal
•For small number of singers, set to a short poem, usually about love, a cappella Word painting Began in Italy
Classical composers
•Haydn •Mozart •Beethoven
Texture Classical
•Mostly homophonic
Texture Renaissance
•Polyphonic •Imitation among the voices
Words and Music Renaissance
•Vocal music was more important than instrumental •Word painting •Wide range of emotion
Dynamic (end)
basso continuo
Vienna
became capital of music during classical
Instrumental music intended for ___ in Renaissance
dancing
Concerto grosso
For small groups of soloists and orchestra Usually 3 movements
Instruments and Manuscripts in Middle Ages
.Instruments were not used in church •Few medieval instruments have survived •Music manuscripts did not indicate tempo, dynamics, or rhythm
the chorale & church cantata
-Multi-movement church work for chorus, soloists, and orchestra -Religious text in German (vernacular) -Resembled opera in its use of choruses, recitatives, arias, and duets
Renaissance timeline
(1450 - 1600)
THE BAROQUE PERIOD
(1600 - 1750)
THE ROMANTIC PERIOD (1820 - 1900)
(1820 - 1900)
Middle Ages timeline
(450 - 1450)
Josquin des Prez
(Ave Maria . . .)
Opera seria vs. Opera buffa
(Italian) opera
• Strings were the backbone
(Violin, Viola, Cello, Bass)
Joseph Haydn
1732 to 1809: early and mid-classical period Austrian composer Symphonies, String Quartets, "Die Schöpfung" (The Creation Milton's Paradise Lost and the book of Genesis), Masses
classical chamber music
Designed for the intimate setting of a room Most important setting is string quartet -2 violins, viola, cello
the elements of opera
Drama sung to orchestral accompaniment with costumes, scenery, props, named characters libretto Recitative or Aria
Henry Purcell
English Ground Bass
Well Tempered Clavier
Equal Temperament System of Tuning makes all ½ steps equal
Medieval dance music
Estampie
Sonata Form
Exposition Development Recapitulation
Mood of Baroque music
Expresses one mood throughout piece
the classical symphony
Extended cadenza (solo)
Antonio Vivaldi
Italian Il prete rosso (the red-headed priest) Famous as virtuoso violinist and composer •Programmatic Music - music with an extra- musical poem or story
Claudio Monteverdi
Italian sacred music and secular music for the aristocracy
______ became leading music center during Renaissance
Italy
Little Fugue in G minor
Johann Sebastian Bach
Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme (Awake, a Voice Is Calling Us), 1st, 4th, & 7th movements (1731)
Johann Sebastian Bach (chorus)
Brandenberg Concerto No. 5 in D major
Johann Sebastian Bach (concerto grosso)
Suite No. 3 in D major, 2nd, 4th, and 5th movements (1729 - 1731)
Johann Sebastian Bach composed
Flow My Tears (about 1600)
John Dowland (1563 - 1626) (Lute Song)
Renaissance Lute Song
John Dowland - English Song for solo voice and lute Popular instrument in the Renaissance home
the oratorio
Like opera No acting, scenery, or costumes Based upon biblical stories - Old Testament Not intended for religious services
Middle Ages Sacred
Mass Organum Chant
sacred music in the Renaissance
Motet Mass
first large-scale opera
Orfeo (Monteverdi, 1607):
the classical era
Scientific advances changed worldview -Faith in the power of reason
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC during Renaissance
Still less important than vocal music
Ludwig van Beethoven composed
Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67, 1st & 2nd movements (1808)
minuet and trio
Ternary form based upon stately court dance of the baroque
the development of polyphony
organum
Movements often contrast ___ vividly (classical)
themes
the French nobles who were poet-musicians that composed secular music in middle ages
troubadours (southern France) trouvères (northern France)
School of Notre Dame (Paris)
• Leonin & Perotin developed notation of precise rhythms
String Quartet Classical
• Most popular chamber music genre • One on a part • No conductor!
• "The Four Seasons"
• One Concerto for each of the seasons - Autumn, Winter, Spring and Summer • Each has 3 movements (Fast/slow/fast)
Classical Forms
• Sonata Form • Theme and Variations • Minuet and Trio • Rondo