Music Appreciation Module 3

What are Debussy's contributions to music

Demonstrated that impressionism works ranged from a string quartet to an opera personified the transition from romanticism to twentieth century music

Which are sources and influences heard in the music of Bela Bartok

Eastern European folk music Classic era forms such as symphony and string quartet

By the end of the Romantic period, the orchestra was more than _______ the size of the orchestra Mozart knew

twice

Match each instrument, which has been used in combination with Western instruments in recent classical music, with its classification

- Aerophone - Ocarina - Chordophone - Kora - Membranaphone - tabla - Idiohone - ghatam

Which descriptions are applicable to Jennifer Higdon

- Award-winning American composer - Has a long list of prestigious commissions

Which are Tan Dun's contributions to music?

- Composer of a piano concerto - Composer of film music - Composer of opera

Which are contributions to music by drummer Micky Hart

- Established the Endangered Music Fund - Introduced audiences to percussion instruments from around the world

Which statements about Terry Riley are true?

- Helped launch the Minimalist movement in 1964 - Has collaborated with the Kronos Quartet - Received a commission from NASA

What can be said about the current state of music

- Multicultural - International - Interest in Traditional Music

what are the advantages of having electronic music produced by sound generating equipment

Composers could now control every detail: rhythm, dynamics, pitch organization, timbre, reverberation (echo), and even the way a tone was begun and released (attack and decay) What the composer created was immediately on tape, ready for any listener; no performer was necessary. Synthesizers have become common today. They are greatly reduced in size and operational complexity and are used in the performance of classical, jazz, rock, and commercial music.

What is the essence of serialism

A set of pitches

What does atonality do for a work of music

A systematic alternative to major minor tonality

Who was Aaron Copland

American composer of classical music

Who was Henry Cowell

An influential composer

Which is not a ballet for which Stravinsky composed

Are: The Firebird, Petrushka, The Rite of Spring

Why was atonality and serialism controversial

Atonality and serialism are controversial. Some people think that this music is too cerebral, too complex, and emotionless. Others feel that serial composition is the logical path on which to base future musical developments.

Place each title or description of John Cage's music with its appropriate category

Chance He is well known for a piece whose "instrumentation" was no more than multiple radios set at different places on the dial, including static. He accepted the sounds, whatever they were, as the piece of music. Prepared placing screws and other items inside, touching the strings in ways that affected the sound. Silence No such thing as silence

Listen. Which composer wrote this piece

Gershwin

What award enabled William Grant still to devote more time to classical composition

Guggenheim Fellowship awarded in 1934

How did Ives's music synthesize American classical and vernacular traditions

He used available materials to create something larger, and integrated art and life

Which are facts about the life of Arnold Schoenberg

Lived from 1874-1951 Professor of composition in Berlin in 1925, and Los Angeles After rise of Hitler, he moved to the US and became an American citizen in 1940 First and most important composer of serialism

What is chance music

The compositional process includes random selection of sounds... Chance music is also known as indeterminate music... Due to limited control of the music by the composer...

Which work earned John Adams a Pulitzer Prize

On the Transmigration of Souls

Listen. In what order does the primary sounds and instrumental colors appear in the passage from Zwilich's Symphony No 1?

Percussion, piano, brass, forte, long chhord in brass, descrescendo, lyric melody in strings

Which are titles of compositions by George Gershwin

Rhapsody in blues porgy and bess an american in paris three preludes for piano

Stravinsky is a _________ composer who later immigrated to the United States

Russian

Pierrot Lunaire

Schoenberg's

Which are facts about Bela Bartok's life

Settled in NYC and died in 1945 great Hungarian composers, taught piano at the Budapest Academy of Music for 27 years, 1907-1934, gave recitals throughout Europe professor An intense anti-Nazi, felt compelled to leave Hungary and in 1940 immigrated to the US

Which compositions were written by Igor Stravinsky

The Firebird, Petrushka, and The Rite of Spring The soldier's Tale Symphonies of Wind Instruments Concerto for Piano and Wind Orchestra symphony in three movements

Claude Debussy sought to convey impressionism of images and feelings in his music rather than

to produce literal descriptions

Listen. What is the style of this passage from Debussy

This music does not have a distinct melody and harmony... The music is chromatic, with little sense of tonality or traditional chord progression. Melodies seem to emerge and recede, flowing in and out of the sound fabric, ranging from a light, airy texture to the sonority of the full orchestra.

Match the forms and genres of Bartok's musical compositions with the style descriptions and titles

Tonality - tonal, or modal, Harmony - disonant Rhythm - pounding Piano pedagogy - Mikrokosmos String quartets - 1908-1939 Most popular work - Concerto for Orchestra

Match each aspect of twentith centruy music with its description

Use of instruments - used solo tonality - used of chromaticiam harmony - timbre form - may be free melody - based on unique

Match the information about minimalism in music with the relevant categories

What - minimalism in music seeks Who - important minimalist composers When - minimalism in music emerged Why - to create an alternative to complex serialism

Which are facts about the life of Charles Ives

Worked in insurance born in 1874 composing in isolation

Listen. Who is the composer of this piece

Zwilich

Which are Ruth Crawford's musical contributions

all but composed a symphony for woodwinds using serialism

Which of the following statements describe the musical contributions of Henry Cowell

all but composed over five thousand operas and fugues for percussion

Which are characteristics of music and musical life in the twentieth century

all but composers worked in isolation due to poor communications

Which describe the musical contributions of Ellen Taafe Zwilich

all but has composed little for orchestra, preferring small ensembles

Which instruments are heard in Bela Fleck's setting of Aaron Copland's Hoe Down which was originally for orchestra

all but pipa guitars, drums, saxophones saxophone ensemble A passage with a thin texture with minimal melodic content; solo bass guitar is prominent banjo tabla brass

Which of the following facts are about the life of Amy Cheney Beach

all but studied under Handel and Haydn

Not all twentieth century music is abstract, complex, or challenging

true

On what did Ruth choose to focus her work after she married

american folk music

What is impressionism

an artistic style derived from the philosophy and practice of a group of late nineteenth century French painters, notably Monet and Renoir a style of art based on the philosophy a style of music that was a reaction against intellectual German composers

What are some characteristics that can be found in Stravinsky's opening scene in Le sacre du printemps

asymmetrical dissonant unusual

Bela Fleck is a virtuoso _______ player

banjo

Which are titles of works by Aaron Copland

billy the kid rodeo Appalachian spring fanfare for the common man lincoln portrait

What two elements was Copland interested in merging

classical and vernacular music

Listen. Which characteristics can be heard in the opening passage of this piano prelude by Gershwin

classical form and context but incorporates the syncopated, bluesy sounds of the popular music and jazz of 1920s syncopation, blue notes, ostinato like harmony

Henry Cowell is noted for his use of the tone ______ in his paino music, achieved by depressing a number of adjacent keys with the fist or forearm

cluster

In which forms and genres did Ruth Crawford Seeger create works

distinguished ethnomusicologist, collector of folk songs, American composer vanguard of musical developments, as the serialization of elements other than pitch. first woman to be awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship, study in Berlin and Paris composed songs, suites for various instruments, the nine preludes for piano, a well known string quartet and a woodwind quintet suites, preludes, chamber music

Edgard Varese was one of the early composers of _____ music

electronic

What statement apply to Jennifer Higdon's blue cathedral

everything but celebrates the five parts of the ordinary of the cathedral mass

Which descriptions show Terry Riley's minimalist style in "The Oldtimer"

everything but the use of two note motives

What is avant garde music

experimental, varying impacts musical outcome of an experiment is far less significant than the process of the experiment itself compositions are considered more important as musical ideas than as music new approach to composition and musical expression

Composers of twentieth century tend to write within one or two categories in order to focus on creating new developments in those areas

false

Foday Musa Suso, a herditary musician and oral historian known as a ____________, performs on the kora and tama instruments of the Mandingo people of Gambia

griot

What can be said about Amy Beach's music and contributions

had a successful career as a performer and composer, a significant accomplishment in her time. Her Gaelic Symphony was the first symphony by an American woman. She was also the first woman to have her music premiered by the Handel and Haydn Society of Boston and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. Much of her music is recorded and available. compositions for solo piano, in particular, may sound conservative to our contemporary ears. Works such as "By the Still Waters" and "From Grandmother's Garden" incorporate impressionistic sounds and are programmatic. Her instrumental music, including a piano concerto, a string quartet, and a piano quintet, is more innovative and complex.

What's the Kronos Quartet's mission

has devoted itself to pursuing a singular artistic vision with a commitment to expanding the range and context of the conventional string quartet

Claude Debussy's La Mer is a _____ piece

impressionist

Which instrument starts off Michey Hart's Dance of the Hunter's Fire

includes the shekere, djembe, ghatam, cowbell, and congas. The music begins with a driving rhythmic pattern, accompanied by shekere playing a simple beat.

Match each element of music in the left column with its trend in twentieth century music

instrumentation - new instruments rhythm and phrasing - asymmetrical tonality - more than one key at once melody - often jagged

How is Tan Dun's "Desert Capriccio" from Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon a capriccio in the Western sense

is a caprice with delicate sounds in the finger cymbals

What is the technique of minimalism

is to take a musical pattern or idea and repeat it incessantly, creating slow, subtle changes in rhythm, chord movement, or other musical elements the technique represents a way of controlling music other than through serialization, and it also represents a return to tonal music in that the repetition generates clear centers of tonal feeling

what is distinct about the american musical style

it is a melting pot

Which of the following are facts about the career of Branford Marsalis

jazz musician during the 1980s alto saxophone Orpheus Chamber Orchestra Classical orchestral piece musical director of Jay Leno show demonstrated on five classical CDs, including Creation jazz artists during the 1980s with Art Blakey, Clark Terry, his brother Wynton Marcalis, and Herbie Hancock 1985 joined Sting's pop rock group

The _________ is a chordophone with metal strings that produce a delicate, silvery timbre

kora

who were french impressionist painters whose work influenced composers of the time

monet renoir

Which of the following statements best describe music in America

mosaic of musical styles melting pot of music individualism

A political movement that influenced Bartok in his early compositions was

nationalism

Aaron Copland contributed to the development of _______ music

nationalistic

in what style can Ulysses Kay's work be considered

neoclassical

what is neoclassical music

twentieth century music that is derived from classical composers such as Mozart

Which are characteristics of Charles Ives's philosophy of music

one of the most prominent of American nationalistic composers more on texture, color, and rhythm than on melody, harmony or thematic development (1874-1954) was perhaps the first great innovator in twentieth-century American classical music. He was followed by Edgard Varèse and Henry Cowell, composers who also helped shape the mid-twentieth-century avant-garde movement, particularly in America. In the 1950s, the music and writings of Cowell's student John Cage and Varèse's work in the newly developing electronic medium gave impetus to experimentation. all but Ives was influenced by many other European composers

Listen. This excerpt comes from a work in which genres

originally a ballet but is now more frequently heard as a concert piece

The _______ is a lute like, Chinese instrument that is played by plucking

pipa

What might a composer of American nationalistic music use

quote directly from the folk repertoire or compose in a manner that reflects folk rhythms or the moods of this music native american melodies and rhythms

A composer is limited in creativity in totally controlled music where dynamics, notes, tone colors, and other musical elements are

serialized

In what musical genres and styles did Still compose

symphonies chamber music broadway musicals operas

Which were efforts made by Bartok on behalf of Hungarian music

taught piano at the Budapest Academy of Music for 27 years (1907-1934) and gave recitals throughout Europe. An intense anti-Nazi, he felt compelled to leave Hungary and in 1940 immigrated to the United States. He settled in New York City, where he died in 1945. He sought to preserve the folk music of Hungary and to let the world know that Hungary possessed a traditional folk repertoire that included more than Gypsy music all but founded academy of folk music

What does MIDI allow for

technology, software programs now make both computer-generated music and computer-assisted music easy for professionals and amateurs. In addition, sophisticated software programs make the preparation of music scores relatively easy.

Where did the impetus to develop electronic music come from

the development of magnetic tape recording

What sound effects and playing techniques can be heard in Wu Man's Hangzhou Blues: Shanghai Blues

the electric pipa with a wah-wah pedal. ocarina percussion vamp

Describe Schoenber's use of melody

the melodies tend to be predominantly disjunct rather than conjunct and stepwise; the texture is sometimes polyphonic.

Two primitive electronic instruments used by Edgard Varese are

the theremin and ondes martenot

What is meant by tone cluster

three or more adjacent tones sounding simultaneaously

Which are compositions by Charles Ives

three places in new england the unanswered question sonata no 2 (Concord) Symphony No 3

Which statements are about George Gershwin

tin pan alley composer of songs, musicals, and film music, also a composer of jazz oriented classical music most popular and most effective of all american composers composed his preludes for piano to play at his own recital at the hotel roosevelt in NYC