Music Mid-Term Review

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motives are by definition

brief

Greece

country of origin for the diatonic scale

chords

groupings of several pitches sounded simultaneously

when a melody is accompanied with chords, the melody is

harmonized

low pitches result from

long vibrating elements

giving the beat an accent means

making some of the beats more emphatic than others

lists dynamics from louder to softer

mezzo forte; mezzo piano; piano

minor

mode formed with the diatonic scale oriented around A

major

mode formed with the diatonic scale oriented around C

when you sing in the shower, the texture is most likely to be

monophonic

three main textures of Western art music

monophony, homophony, and polyphony

modulation

moving from one key to another in the middle of a composition

tonal

music that centers around a fundamental "home" pitch

mezzo

musical term for "medium"

subito

musical term for "suddenly"

syncopation

placement of accents away from their normal stresses in the meter results in

an individual movement of music is often referred to by its

tempo indication

the genre of a musical work can be determined by its

text, function, and performing forces

musical element perceived in the "vertical dimension"

texture

form

the arrangement, relationship, or organization of elements in music

octave

the distance between two pitches that seem to duplicate each other and blend very well together

interval

the distance or difference between two pitches

harmony

the effect of chords used with a melody

language in which dynamics are generally described

Italian

example of nonmetrical music

a Gregorian chant

consonant

a chord that creates a sense of rest

dissonant

a chord that sounds discordant, unstable, or in need of resolution

scale

a collection of fixed pitches

scales are made up of

a different number os pitches in each culture

crescendo

a gradual increase in dynamic level

sequence

a melodic pattern of pitches that is repeated at different pitch levels

the diatonic scale consists of

a particular arrangement of whole and half steps

NOT an example of "beating time"

a pianist playing an intricate, complicated rhythm

true of themes

a theme can consist of a motive

a healthy human ear can hear from _____ to _____ cycles of sound vibrations per second

20; 20,000

diagram showing the greatest amount of musical contrast

A B C

shows triple meter

ONE two three, ONE two three

shows duple meter

ONE two, ONE two, ONE two, ONE two

shows simple meter

One two three four, ONE two three four

non-imitative polyphony

all musical lines are heard simultaneously, but each has a different melody

the chromatic scale consists of

all white and black keys on the piano

set of tempo markings arranged in order from faster to slower

allegro, moderato, andante

a metronome indicates

an exact number of beats per minute for the desired tempo

melody

an organized series of pitches played or sung in a certain rhythm

meter

any recurring pattern of strong and weak beats

texture

blend of sounds or melodic lines occurring simultaneously in music

repetition of elements, like in melody form

can trigger an emotional click when the tune reoccurs later in a piece

half steps

chromatic scale consists of

measure or bar

each occurrence of a repeated pattern of a principal strong beat and one or more weaker beats

a way to connect the beginning, middle, and end of a musical piece is through the use of

form

pitch

highness or lowness of a sound

how is musical time measured?

in beats

prestissimo

indicates the fastest tempo

dynamic indication that is the softest

pianissimo

counterpoint is closely related to

polyphony

rhythm

refers to the specific arrangements of long and short notes in music

a musical composition takes on its form through

repetition and contrast

in a piece of music that can be diagrammed as A B A, the A indicates _____, and the B indicates _____

repetition; contrast

aspect of duration in music that can be thought of as the foreground while other aspects are in the background

rhythm

the broad term for the time aspect of music is

rhythm

the main skill involved in hearing form in music

rhythm

though there are some exceptions, music in minor mode can sometimes be described as _____, whereas that in major mode can sometimes be described as _____.

sad; happy

tunes tend to be

simple and easily singable

music can be defined as the art of

sound in time

tempo

speed at which beats follow one another

tonic

the fundamental "home" pitch in a section of music

determines the pitch of a sound

the length of the vibrating element

amplitude

the level of strength of sound vibrations

in songs, musical phrases generally coincide with

the lines of poetry

a change in key indicates a change in

the location of the tonic

homophony

the melody is heard in one line and the other parts have clearly less important material that forms an accompaniment

cadences

the moments at the ends of phrases where a melody pauses or stops altogether

climax

the musical term for a high point in a tune

dynamics

the musical term for the level of sound

twenty-four

the number of major AND minor scales that can be built on the notes of the chromatic scale

tonality

the principle or organizing music around a center, or "home," pitch

frequency

the scientific term for the speed or rate of the vibrations of sound

diatonic scale

the set of seven pitches used in Western music

motive

the shortest identifiable melodic idea

letter diagrams are LEAST useful for showing

the specific music the letters stand for

monophony

the texture of a single melody played without accompaniment

polyphony

the texture that combines two or more individual melody lines simultaneously

the individual style of a particular composer is described in terms of

the way the composer handles musical elements

scale degree a listener should use to determine the mode of a selection

third

imitative polyphony

various musical lines are heard one after another with the same melody or similar melodies

the definition of rhythm as a general term is the

way music unfolds in time


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