Muslim Empires

Ottoman, Mughal, Safavid

( Ottoman / Safavid / Mughal ): _______ and ______ armies expanded into _______ territories.

true, true, false, true, false

( True / False ): the Ottoman Empire practiced religious tolerance. ( True / False ): non-Muslims had to pay special taxes. ( True / False ): non-Muslims could not enter the Empire. ( True / False ): non-Muslims had some rights restricted. ( True / False ): non-Muslims could not hold administrative positions.

false, true

( True / False ): there were clear guidelines for succession of the sultan in the Ottoman Empire. ( True / False ): there was frequent battle between the sultan's children to become his successor.

true, true

( true / false ): the janissaries were forbidden to have families. ( true / false ): the janissaries were forbidden to have children.

mullah

A local mosque official and prayer leader within the Safavid Empire.

nationalist, infrastructure

A major source of weakness in the Ottoman Empire was the lack of ___________ sentiment, causing fissures within the ______________ of the empire.

Sikhism

A religion that sought to combine Islam and Hinduism.

Suleiman

After his father died and ________ became sultan, he immediately launched his programs of military conquest and expansion.

Ottoman, Constantinople

After the fall of the Mongol Empire, the _______ Empire had a monopoly on land trade routes to Asia once they took _____________.

military, administrative

Akbar created more effective ________ and ______________ systems.

Divine Faith

Akbar tried to establish the ______ _____, a combination of Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity.

increasingly

As the Ottoman Empire declined, rulers became ( increasingly / decreasingly ) addicted to drink, drugs, and the harem.

Constantinople, Ottoman, Turks, Istanbul

In 1453, ______________ fell to ( Ottoman / Safavid / Mughal ) ( Persians / Turks / Indians ) and was renamed ________.

Turkey

In ______, Suleiman the Magnificent was known as Kanuni the Lawgiver.

Constantinople

In the conflict between Islam and Christianity, the Ottomans' conquest of ______________ gave Islam the upper hand.

Turks

In the late-16th century, the _____ controlled trade in the Mediterranean.

janissaries

Infantry divisions of the Ottoman Empire, recruited from conquered areas; troops were converted to Islam, and became slaves to the government as troops or officials.

Persia

Muslim women were supposed to be veiled; this was a custom adopted from ______.

merchants

Muslim, Christian, and Jewish _________ provided effective administration for the Ottoman Empire.

dominant, minority

Muslims of the Mughal Empire were the the ( dominant / subordinate ) ( majority / minority ).

Akbar

One of the most remarkable aspects of the Mughal leader _____'s reign was his dedication to the ideal of religious toleration.

Muslim, India

Potentially the most important aspect of the Mughal Empire was that they consolidated ______ rule over much of _____.

Ali

Safavid Shahs claimed descent from ___.

Mark

Saint ____'s body was smuggled out of Alexandria by Venetians who hid the body in a shipment of pork, so that the Muslim traders would not check the container.

governor, sultan

Suleiman became a ________, then ______.

legal, tax, merit.

Suleiman completely overhauled the Ottoman _____ system, reformed the ___ system, and government positions became based on _____.

Istanbul

Suleiman lived in ________ as a child.

Alexander

Suleiman was fascinated by _________ the Great.

Magnificent, Lawgiver

Suleiman was known as the ___________ and as the ________.

zamindars

Taxes in the Mughal Empire were usually collected by local leaders called _________.

Mughals, Ottomans, Safavids

The ( Ottomans / Safavids / Mughals ) focused on religious conversion. The ( Ottomans / Safavids / Mughals ) focused on empire expansion. The ( Ottomans / Safavids / Mughals ) focused partially on both.

India

The Mughal Empire was based in _____.

India

The Mughal Empire was in _____.

Akbar

The Mughal leader _____ ended the practice of taxing non-Muslims and eventually guaranteed non-Muslims the same rights as Muslims.

Akbar

The Mughal leader _____ favored policies that promoted a cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture.

Aurangzeb

The Mughal leader _________ imposed Islam on the Hindu population and reinstated the tax on non-Muslims.

land tenure

The Mughal system of ____ ______-- people had hereditary rights to their land, but had to pay taxes for its continued use.

jizya

The Mughal tax on non-Muslims.

Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal

The Muslim empires: _______, _______, and ______.

Europe, Russia, Safavid

The Ottoman Empire conflicted with ______, ______, and the _______ Empire.

nationalistic

The Ottoman Empire fell partly due to internal revolts by a diverse, increasingly _____________ population.

revolt

The Ottoman Empire fell partly due to its corrupt officials and incompetent political advisers, which also led the people to ______.

Russia, Austria, Spain, Safavid

The Ottoman Empire fell partly due to its powerful rivals: ______, _______, _____, and the _______ Empire.

religion, millets

The Ottoman Empire organized its population into administrative groups based on ________; these groups were called _______, meaning "nations."

Suleiman

The Ottoman Empire reached its greatest expansion under ________ the Magnificent.

Islam, Hinduism

The Ottoman Empire ruled over mostly those of the religion _____. The Mughal Empire ruled over mostly those of the religion ________.

Sunni

The Ottoman Empire was ( Sunni / Shia ).

Turkey

The Ottoman Empire was in ______.

sultan

The Ottoman Empire was ruled by a ______.

devshirme

The Ottoman Empire's practice of recruiting soldiers and bureaucrats from among the children of their Balkan Christian subjects.

feudal

The Ottoman Empire's warrior aristocracy functioned similarly to a ______ system.

Hungary, Vienna, navy, Mesopotamia, Egypt

The Ottoman Suleiman the Magnificent defeated the King of _______, laid siege to the city of ______, increased the size of the ____, and captured ___________ and _____.

Central Asian

The Ottoman Turks were descendants of _______ _____ nomads.

janissaries, warrior aristocracy

The Ottoman sultan would play his ___________ against the _______ ___________ to maintain power. He would also play Islamic religious scholars and bureaucrats against each other.

Spain, Venice

The Ottomans lost control of the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean. They lost the Mediterranean due to _____ and ______.

Osman

The Ottomans were named after the ruler _____.

Sufi

The Safavid Dynasty had origins in a family of ____ mystics and religious preachers.

Shiism

The Safavid Empire pressured all of its people to convert to ( Hinduism / Christianity / Islam / Sunniism / Shiism / Sufism ).

Shia

The Safavid Empire was ( Sunni / Shia ).

Persia

The Safavid Empire was in ______.

Russia

The Safavids employed a system like the janissaries-- but they recruited from ______.

Turks

The Safavids had attempted to control the _____ by making them a warrior nobility.

Shiite

The Safavids rose in Persia primarily due to their support for the ______ cause.

Persian

The Safavids were known for their embrace of _______ architecture.

Crusades

The Venetians and the Ottomans traded with each other. Venice was Christian and the Ottomans were Muslim-- hostility from the ________ had calmed.

Grand Vizier, wazir

The _____ ______, or _____, ran the government of the Ottoman Empire, and was the real power behind the sultan.

Persian, Safavid

The _______ Empire under the _______ Dynasty was one of the Ottomans' great rivals.

Ottoman

The _______ Empire, one of the Gunpowder Empires, expanded into Syria, Egypt, parts of North Africa, Hungary, and around the Black and Red Seas.

Ottoman, Safavid

The _______ and _______ Empires both recruited slave boys as soldiers.

Safavids

The ________ conquered much of the Persian Empire and reestablished Islam.

Ottomans

The ________ were the first to tunnel under enemy strongholds as part of a siege.

Gunpowder

The _________ Empires relied on cannons and muskets.

janissaries

The ___________' opposition to changes in order to maintain power caused the Ottomans to fall behind the rest of European powers in military technology.

Din-i-Ilahi

The blending of many religions that Akbar attempted to use to unite his diverse population-- ___-_-_____.

sati

The burning of high-caste Hindu women on their husbands' funeral pyres.

Delhi

The capital of the Mughal Empire was _____.

syncretism

The combining of elements of different religions.

Ottoman

The decline of the _______ Empire was due to: being too large to control effectively. transportation and communication difficulties. its powerful rivals. internal revolts.

Babur, Timur, Chinggis Khan

The founder of the Mughal Dynasty was _____, descended from the Mongol leader _____, descended from ________ ____.

Jerusalem

The goal of the Crusades was to take back _________.

agriculture

The majority of Mughal taxes came from ___________.

Suleiman

The reign of ________ was the start of the Ottoman Empire's Golden Age.

Renaissance

The wealth from the Mediterranean Sea trade helped Venice finance the European ___________.

weak

To try to prevent conflicts within the Ottoman Empire, the sultan's sons were isolated; this resulted in ( strong / weak ) monarchs.

cavalry

Turkic _______ evolved into a warrior aristocracy.

warrior aristocracy

Turkic cavalry evolved into a _______ ___________.

pepper

Venetian merchants traded for ______ with the Egyptians.

Byzantine, Ottoman

Venice formed trade treaties with the _________, then _______ empire.

low

Venice had ( low / high ) amounts of natural resources.

marble, grain

Venice had an abundance of ______ but lacked _____, so they had to trade with the Ottomans.

Italy, Adriatic

Venice is a city made up of hundreds of islands in _____, on the ________ Sea.

ash

Venice produced glass, but required ___ from the Ottoman Empire to help in its production.

republic

Venice was a ( monarchy / democracy / republic ).

Shah Jahan

____ ____ ordered the construction of the Taj Mahal.

Mehmet

______ II of the Ottoman Empire was responsible for the conquest of Constantinople.

Mughal

______ was the Persian-Arabic word for Mongol.

Humayan

_______ is considered the least successful Mughal leader. He lost the empire, recovered it, then fell and died.

Russians

________ formed the foundation of the Safavid military.

Suleiman

________'s reforms gave the Ottoman Empire a modern administration and legal system and instituted protections for Christian and Jewish citizens.

janissaries

___________ became increasingly powerful in the Ottoman Empires and ultimately helped to depose sultans or decide which son would succeed his father.