Muslim Empires
Ottoman, Mughal, Safavid
( Ottoman / Safavid / Mughal ): _______ and ______ armies expanded into _______ territories.
true, true, false, true, false
( True / False ): the Ottoman Empire practiced religious tolerance. ( True / False ): non-Muslims had to pay special taxes. ( True / False ): non-Muslims could not enter the Empire. ( True / False ): non-Muslims had some rights restricted. ( True / False ): non-Muslims could not hold administrative positions.
false, true
( True / False ): there were clear guidelines for succession of the sultan in the Ottoman Empire. ( True / False ): there was frequent battle between the sultan's children to become his successor.
true, true
( true / false ): the janissaries were forbidden to have families. ( true / false ): the janissaries were forbidden to have children.
mullah
A local mosque official and prayer leader within the Safavid Empire.
nationalist, infrastructure
A major source of weakness in the Ottoman Empire was the lack of ___________ sentiment, causing fissures within the ______________ of the empire.
Sikhism
A religion that sought to combine Islam and Hinduism.
Suleiman
After his father died and ________ became sultan, he immediately launched his programs of military conquest and expansion.
Ottoman, Constantinople
After the fall of the Mongol Empire, the _______ Empire had a monopoly on land trade routes to Asia once they took _____________.
military, administrative
Akbar created more effective ________ and ______________ systems.
Divine Faith
Akbar tried to establish the ______ _____, a combination of Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity.
increasingly
As the Ottoman Empire declined, rulers became ( increasingly / decreasingly ) addicted to drink, drugs, and the harem.
Constantinople, Ottoman, Turks, Istanbul
In 1453, ______________ fell to ( Ottoman / Safavid / Mughal ) ( Persians / Turks / Indians ) and was renamed ________.
Turkey
In ______, Suleiman the Magnificent was known as Kanuni the Lawgiver.
Constantinople
In the conflict between Islam and Christianity, the Ottomans' conquest of ______________ gave Islam the upper hand.
Turks
In the late-16th century, the _____ controlled trade in the Mediterranean.
janissaries
Infantry divisions of the Ottoman Empire, recruited from conquered areas; troops were converted to Islam, and became slaves to the government as troops or officials.
Persia
Muslim women were supposed to be veiled; this was a custom adopted from ______.
merchants
Muslim, Christian, and Jewish _________ provided effective administration for the Ottoman Empire.
dominant, minority
Muslims of the Mughal Empire were the the ( dominant / subordinate ) ( majority / minority ).
Akbar
One of the most remarkable aspects of the Mughal leader _____'s reign was his dedication to the ideal of religious toleration.
Muslim, India
Potentially the most important aspect of the Mughal Empire was that they consolidated ______ rule over much of _____.
Ali
Safavid Shahs claimed descent from ___.
Mark
Saint ____'s body was smuggled out of Alexandria by Venetians who hid the body in a shipment of pork, so that the Muslim traders would not check the container.
governor, sultan
Suleiman became a ________, then ______.
legal, tax, merit.
Suleiman completely overhauled the Ottoman _____ system, reformed the ___ system, and government positions became based on _____.
Istanbul
Suleiman lived in ________ as a child.
Alexander
Suleiman was fascinated by _________ the Great.
Magnificent, Lawgiver
Suleiman was known as the ___________ and as the ________.
zamindars
Taxes in the Mughal Empire were usually collected by local leaders called _________.
Mughals, Ottomans, Safavids
The ( Ottomans / Safavids / Mughals ) focused on religious conversion. The ( Ottomans / Safavids / Mughals ) focused on empire expansion. The ( Ottomans / Safavids / Mughals ) focused partially on both.
India
The Mughal Empire was based in _____.
India
The Mughal Empire was in _____.
Akbar
The Mughal leader _____ ended the practice of taxing non-Muslims and eventually guaranteed non-Muslims the same rights as Muslims.
Akbar
The Mughal leader _____ favored policies that promoted a cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture.
Aurangzeb
The Mughal leader _________ imposed Islam on the Hindu population and reinstated the tax on non-Muslims.
land tenure
The Mughal system of ____ ______-- people had hereditary rights to their land, but had to pay taxes for its continued use.
jizya
The Mughal tax on non-Muslims.
Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal
The Muslim empires: _______, _______, and ______.
Europe, Russia, Safavid
The Ottoman Empire conflicted with ______, ______, and the _______ Empire.
nationalistic
The Ottoman Empire fell partly due to internal revolts by a diverse, increasingly _____________ population.
revolt
The Ottoman Empire fell partly due to its corrupt officials and incompetent political advisers, which also led the people to ______.
Russia, Austria, Spain, Safavid
The Ottoman Empire fell partly due to its powerful rivals: ______, _______, _____, and the _______ Empire.
religion, millets
The Ottoman Empire organized its population into administrative groups based on ________; these groups were called _______, meaning "nations."
Suleiman
The Ottoman Empire reached its greatest expansion under ________ the Magnificent.
Islam, Hinduism
The Ottoman Empire ruled over mostly those of the religion _____. The Mughal Empire ruled over mostly those of the religion ________.
Sunni
The Ottoman Empire was ( Sunni / Shia ).
Turkey
The Ottoman Empire was in ______.
sultan
The Ottoman Empire was ruled by a ______.
devshirme
The Ottoman Empire's practice of recruiting soldiers and bureaucrats from among the children of their Balkan Christian subjects.
feudal
The Ottoman Empire's warrior aristocracy functioned similarly to a ______ system.
Hungary, Vienna, navy, Mesopotamia, Egypt
The Ottoman Suleiman the Magnificent defeated the King of _______, laid siege to the city of ______, increased the size of the ____, and captured ___________ and _____.
Central Asian
The Ottoman Turks were descendants of _______ _____ nomads.
janissaries, warrior aristocracy
The Ottoman sultan would play his ___________ against the _______ ___________ to maintain power. He would also play Islamic religious scholars and bureaucrats against each other.
Spain, Venice
The Ottomans lost control of the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean. They lost the Mediterranean due to _____ and ______.
Osman
The Ottomans were named after the ruler _____.
Sufi
The Safavid Dynasty had origins in a family of ____ mystics and religious preachers.
Shiism
The Safavid Empire pressured all of its people to convert to ( Hinduism / Christianity / Islam / Sunniism / Shiism / Sufism ).
Shia
The Safavid Empire was ( Sunni / Shia ).
Persia
The Safavid Empire was in ______.
Russia
The Safavids employed a system like the janissaries-- but they recruited from ______.
Turks
The Safavids had attempted to control the _____ by making them a warrior nobility.
Shiite
The Safavids rose in Persia primarily due to their support for the ______ cause.
Persian
The Safavids were known for their embrace of _______ architecture.
Crusades
The Venetians and the Ottomans traded with each other. Venice was Christian and the Ottomans were Muslim-- hostility from the ________ had calmed.
Grand Vizier, wazir
The _____ ______, or _____, ran the government of the Ottoman Empire, and was the real power behind the sultan.
Persian, Safavid
The _______ Empire under the _______ Dynasty was one of the Ottomans' great rivals.
Ottoman
The _______ Empire, one of the Gunpowder Empires, expanded into Syria, Egypt, parts of North Africa, Hungary, and around the Black and Red Seas.
Ottoman, Safavid
The _______ and _______ Empires both recruited slave boys as soldiers.
Safavids
The ________ conquered much of the Persian Empire and reestablished Islam.
Ottomans
The ________ were the first to tunnel under enemy strongholds as part of a siege.
Gunpowder
The _________ Empires relied on cannons and muskets.
janissaries
The ___________' opposition to changes in order to maintain power caused the Ottomans to fall behind the rest of European powers in military technology.
Din-i-Ilahi
The blending of many religions that Akbar attempted to use to unite his diverse population-- ___-_-_____.
sati
The burning of high-caste Hindu women on their husbands' funeral pyres.
Delhi
The capital of the Mughal Empire was _____.
syncretism
The combining of elements of different religions.
Ottoman
The decline of the _______ Empire was due to: being too large to control effectively. transportation and communication difficulties. its powerful rivals. internal revolts.
Babur, Timur, Chinggis Khan
The founder of the Mughal Dynasty was _____, descended from the Mongol leader _____, descended from ________ ____.
Jerusalem
The goal of the Crusades was to take back _________.
agriculture
The majority of Mughal taxes came from ___________.
Suleiman
The reign of ________ was the start of the Ottoman Empire's Golden Age.
Renaissance
The wealth from the Mediterranean Sea trade helped Venice finance the European ___________.
weak
To try to prevent conflicts within the Ottoman Empire, the sultan's sons were isolated; this resulted in ( strong / weak ) monarchs.
cavalry
Turkic _______ evolved into a warrior aristocracy.
warrior aristocracy
Turkic cavalry evolved into a _______ ___________.
pepper
Venetian merchants traded for ______ with the Egyptians.
Byzantine, Ottoman
Venice formed trade treaties with the _________, then _______ empire.
low
Venice had ( low / high ) amounts of natural resources.
marble, grain
Venice had an abundance of ______ but lacked _____, so they had to trade with the Ottomans.
Italy, Adriatic
Venice is a city made up of hundreds of islands in _____, on the ________ Sea.
ash
Venice produced glass, but required ___ from the Ottoman Empire to help in its production.
republic
Venice was a ( monarchy / democracy / republic ).
Shah Jahan
____ ____ ordered the construction of the Taj Mahal.
Mehmet
______ II of the Ottoman Empire was responsible for the conquest of Constantinople.
Mughal
______ was the Persian-Arabic word for Mongol.
Humayan
_______ is considered the least successful Mughal leader. He lost the empire, recovered it, then fell and died.
Russians
________ formed the foundation of the Safavid military.
Suleiman
________'s reforms gave the Ottoman Empire a modern administration and legal system and instituted protections for Christian and Jewish citizens.
janissaries
___________ became increasingly powerful in the Ottoman Empires and ultimately helped to depose sultans or decide which son would succeed his father.