My QA: BDD, Cucumber, Gherkin, TestNG, Junit
In Cucumber, comments are denoted by which of the following. 1. ! 2. # 3. $ 4. %
#
What are the annotations available in TestNG
@BeforeTest @AfterTest @BeforeClass @AfterClass @BeforeMethod @AfterMethod @BeforeSuite @AfterSuite @BeforeGroups @AfterGroups @Test
What are some TestNG annotations?
@test @BeforeTest @AfterTest
Can you arrange the below testing.xml tags from parent to child? 1. <test> 2. <suite> 3. <class> 4. <methods> 5. <classes>
1. <suite> 2. <test> 3. <classes> 4. <class> 5. <methods>
How making concrete statements?
A CONCRETE statement is hard to misinterpret. And ABSTRACT statement is easy to misinterpret. To arrange the abstract/concrete statement, we can use: example when #1 will be close to one to another one and #5 far: More abstract: #5 Once upon a time; #4 Some time ago; #3 Yesterday; #2 In the morning; Less abstract: #1 Three minutes later; Less concrete: #1 0n 02/27/2021 #2 At 9:45 #3 It is precisely 11:00:00pm Pacific Time #4 At 11:45 am on Thursday morning More concrete:#5 At 3:30 pm on 2021-02-27
What is Gherkin Language?
Gherkin is a readable business language that allows you to define business activity without getting bogged down in implementation specifics. It's a domain-specific language for defining specs tests in Cucumber format. It describes use cases in plain English and helps users to remove logic elements from behaviour testing.
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: Difference between Selenium and Cucumber.
Open-source testing tools, Selenium and Cucumber are both used for functional testing. However, there are some distinctions between them. Here are some key distinctions between Selenium and Cucumber: *Cucumber is a behavior-driven development automation tool that may be used with Selenium. Selenium is a web browser automation tool for web projects (or Appium). *Cucumber is used for acceptance testing, while Selenium is used for automated UI testing. Technical teams (SDETs/programmers) favor Selenium, while non-technical teams often choose Cucumber (business stakeholders and testers). *Cucumber isn't required for Selenium to work. Cucumber's step-definition implementation is based on Selenium or Appium. *The script creation with Selenium is complicated, whereas Cucumber is straightforward.
What do you mean by scenario in Cucumber Testing?
Scenario is a fundamental Gherkin structure. Every scenario begins with the keyword "Scenario:" (or a localized version of it) and ends with a scenario title. Every feature can have one or more scenarios, each of which has one or more steps. As an example of a scenario, Scenario − Verify My Orders Functionality.Explanation: When a user clicks on the My Orders option he/ she should be taken to the My Orders page.
JUnit Selenium
Selenium component-it is a unit testing framework for Java where it promotes "first testing then coding" using annotations and assertions
TestNG selenium?
Selenium component: TestNG-it is testing framework which cover all categories of testing requires JDK5 or higher
What are the features of TestNG and list some of the functionality in TestNG which makes it more effective?
TestNG is a testing framework based on JUnit and NUnit to simplify a broad range of testing needs, from Unit testing to integration testing, and the functionality. TestNG *Support for annotations; *Support for data-driven testing; *Flexible test configuration *Ability to re-execute failed test cases.
What is TestNG?
TestNG is a testing framework designed to simplify a broad range of testing needs, from unit testing to integration testing
What do you mean by profile in Cucumber?
When testing a feature, cucumber profiles make it simple to define groupings of tests in a feature file so that we can choose to execute only a subset of them rather than all of them. It was created to help people save time. In a cucumber.yml file, the user can reuse commonly used cucumber flags
What are tags in Cucumber and why are they important?
When we only have one, two, or maybe five situations in a feature file, it appears to be simple. In reality, however, this does not occur. In a single feature file, we may have 10, 20, or even more scenarios for each feature under test. They could reflect various purposes (smoke test/regression test), perspectives (developer/QA/BA), and statuses (ready for execution/work in progress).Tags in cucumber provide a way to run scenarios in a specific sequence from a runner file. Each situation can be labeled with a useful tag. Later, in the runner file, we may specify which tag (and hence which scenario(s)) Cucumber should run. "@" is the first character in a tag. Any relevant content after "@" can be used to define your tag. Example - '@InitialTest' , '@RegressionTest' , '@SmokeTest'
What ways you goin customize TestNG report?
two ways: *using ITestListener Interface; *using IReporter Interface
Gherkin - syntax
1.Feature; 2.Background; 3.Scenario; 4.Given; 5.When; 6.Then; 7.And; 8.But; 9. Scenario; 10.Examples; 11.Scenario templates.
What is the maximum number of scenarios that a feature file can contain? 1. 5 2. 10 3. 20 4. 25
10
How do you comment the code in Cucumber? What is the importance of comments?
A comment is a chunk of code that is intended for documentation rather than execution. To make it more legible and clear, whether it's a step definition file or a feature file. As a result, it's critical to use/insert comments in the right places throughout the file. This is also beneficial for troubleshooting the code. Comments can be added to Cucumber feature files at any time. To add comments, simply begin the statement with the "#" sign. Different programming languages have different standards for commenting. Let's see how Cucumber handles the situation: For Step Definition File, if you're using Java as a platform, start your comments with "/." In the case of a feature file, we only need to type # before starting our comment.
What is Cucumber?
A software tool that can read and test business-readable acceptance tests.
Which one of the following is not a hook in the context of Cucumber? 1. Before 2. BeforeStep 3. AfterCommit 4. After
AfterCommit
Which one of the following advanced framework designs can be used with Cucumber? 1. Log4j 2. Extent Reporting 3. Page Object Model 4. All of the Above
All of the Above
What is Programmer Test?
An automation test, expressed in code, that defines some aspect of how the system should behave.
Select the correct option. 1. JUnit can be used as a testing framework in Cucumber. 2. TestNG can be used as a testing framework in Cucumber. 3. Both JUnit and TestNG can be used as a testing framework in Cucumber. 4. None of the above.
Both JUnit and TestNG can be used as a testing framework in Cucumber.
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: Difference between JBehave and Cucumber.
Despite the fact that Cucumber and JBehave have the same goal in mind, acceptance tests are two quite distinct frameworks: *Cucumber is built on Ruby, while JBehave is a pure Java Framework. *Cucumber is built on features, whereas JBehave is based on stories.
The 3 practices of BDD?
Discovery, Formulation, Automation Discovery-Create a shared understanding of the requirement through collaboration, typically achieved through a structured conversation centered on rules and examples; Formulation-Examples of system behavior are documented using business terminology; Automation-The documentation is automated, creating living documentation that verifies the system's behavior.
Discovery in BDD?
Discovery-Create a shared understanding of the requirement through collaboration, typically achieved through a structured conversation centered on rules and examples
Which of the following is not a keyword in Cucumber? 1. But 2. Then 3. How 4. When
How
Who to use TestNG with Selenium RC?
If you want full automation against different server and client platforms, you need a way to invoke the test from a command-line process, reports that tell you what happened, and flexibility in how you create your test suites. TestNG gives that flexibility
What is a Feature file?
It serves as an entry point to the Cucumber tests. It is the file where your test scenarios are written in Gherkin language. A Feature file may contain single or multiple test scenarios. The Feature file is used as a live document and ends with .feature extension.
What is TestNG?
It's a superset of JUnit. Unit testing framework. Allows us to set the order in which our tests are run.
Which of the following is the actual code implementation of the feature mentioned in the feature file? 1. Test Runner 2. Step Definition File 3. Feature File 4. None of the Above
Step Definition File
What are Step Definitions in the context of Cucumber?
Step definitions connect Gherkin steps to programming code. The mapping between each step of the scenario defined in the feature file and a code of the function to be executed is stored in the steps definition file. A step definition carries out the action that should be performed by the step. So step definitions hard-wire the specification to the implementation.
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: How can you run Cucumber tests parallelly?
The Cucumber JVM Parallel Plugin, which may be used with Serenity BDD, can be used to conduct parallel tests in Cucumber. The plugin will look in the src/test/resources directory for feature files. After that, it will create runners for each file
Explain what are the JUnit annotation linked with Selenium?
The JUnit annotation linked with Selenium is: @Before public void method() - it will perform the method() before each test, this method can prepare the test; @Test public void method() - annotations @Test identifies that this method is a test method environment; @After public void method() - to execute executed every time after each test method.
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: What is the use of the Options tag in the Cucumber Framework?
The Options tag is a part of the TestRunner file in the Cucumber framework, and it takes the form of an annotation named @CucumberOptions. It has two parameters: glue and feature: Feature: The path to the feature file is specified by the feature option. Glue: The glue argument is used to provide the step definition file's location. Example: import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions; import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber; @RunWith (Cucumber.class) @CucumberOptions ( features = "src/test/Sample/features ", glue = {"StepDefinitionFile"} ) public class SampleTestRunner { }
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: What is a test harness in the context of Cucumber?
The test harness in Cucumber helps in separating the task of establishing the context and interacting with the browser from cleaning up the step definition files. It gathers the stubs, drivers, and other tools needed to enable test execution automation in testing. The purpose of the test harness:- *To run a set of tests either within the framework or with the help of the test harness *To enter data into the program being tested. *Debugging becomes more flexible and supported. *To record the outputs of the software under test *To keep track of the test results (pass/fail) for each test. *Aids developers in determining code coverage at the code level. The advantages of the test harness are: *As a result of automation, productivity increases. *Improved software quality as a result of automation allows us to be more productive. *Tests can be scheduled. *Can handle complex conditions that testers have a hard time simulating
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: Explain briefly how Behavioral Driven Development works?
There are majorly three steps in the working of BDD: *Behaviour Description: We list down the features of our application first in the feature file. *Making the Step Definition file: The mapping between each step of the scenario defined in the feature file and a code of the function to be executed is stored in the steps definition file. *Testing and running: We run the test cases to check if we pass. In general, a lot of failures are observed before achieving the final code.
How can we prepare customized HTML report using TestNG in hybrid framework?
There are three ways: *JUnit: with the help of ANT; *TestNG: using inbuilt default .html to get the HTML report, also XST reports from Ant, Selenium, TestNG combinations. *Using our own customized reports using XSL jar for converting XML content to HTML
Can we use Selenium RC to drive tests on two different browsers on one operating system without Selenium Grid?
Yes, TestNG allows you to do this, using the Java client driver of selenium. By using the "parallel = test" attribute you can set tests to be executed in parallel and can define two different tests, each using a different browser
What is the file extension of all the Gherkin files? 1. closure 2. doc 3. feature 4. com
feature
How are the test priority set in TestNG?
test priority is set using the priority parameters in the @TestAnnotation
Which of the following is a Behavioral Driven Development Tool? 1. Cucumber 2. JBehave 3. SpecFlow 4. All of them
All of them
Automation in BDD?
Automation-The documentation is automated, creating living documentation that verifies the system's behavior
What is Cucumber?
Cucumber is a BDD framework that uses Gherkin as its domain-readable language and supports step implementations in a variety of languages, including Java and Ruby.
What is Cucumber?
Cucumber is a Testing Framework that lets us define the behavior in a testing application. Cucumber lets us define the behavior in a testing application through an English-like language called Gherkin.
What is Listeners in Selenium WebDriver?
In Selenium WebDriver, Listeners "listen" to the event defined in the selenium script and behave accordingly. It allows customizing TestNG reports or logs. There are two main listeners: *WebDriverListeners; *TestNGListeners
How to create and run testing.xml?
In TestNG framework, we need to create testing.xml file to create and handle multiple test classes. We do configure our test run, set test dependency, include or exclude any test, method, class or package and set priority etc. in the xml file
What are some of the advantages of the TestNG framework?
*added advance and easy annotations; *execution patterns can set; *concurrent execution of test scripts; *test case dependencies can be set
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: In a feature file, what is the maximum number of scenarios?
A feature file in Cucumber can include a maximum of 10 scenarios. This quantity can differ from one project to the next and from one organization to the next. It's advisable to keep the number of scenarios in the feature file to a minimum.
Select the correct option. 1. Cucumber supports a variety of programming languages, including Java.net and Ruby. 2. Cucumber serves as a link between commercial and technical language. 3. Cucumber functions as an end-to-end test framework. 4. All the above statements are correct.
All the above statements are correct.
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: What are some of the prerequisites that you should consider while building a Selenium Cucumber automation application?
Before building a Selenium Cucumber automation application:- *Determine the type of application you'll be testing. Is it a Web app, a mobile app, or a desktop application? *Is there a need for backend testing? Databases or SDKs, for example. *Is it necessary to run the app through an internationalization test? *It must include a report that allows you to track down a problem with minimal effort. *It must be able to generate parametrization tests automatically. *Any setup-related settings or global attributes should be defined in a config file. *To segregate the functionality, use abstraction at every level.
What is BDD?
Behavioral Driven Development (BDD) is a software development approach that has evolved from TDD (Test Driven Development). It differs by being written in a shared language, which improves communication between tech and non-tech teams and stakeholders
BDD (Behavior-Driven Development)
Behavioral Driven Development is based on Test Driven Development (TDD) and it aims to bridge the gap between Business analyst and developers. BDD not only bridges the gap between BA and Developers but also between: Manual QA with Automation testers (who write BDD) Manual QA with Developers
What is the principle of Behaviour Driven Development?
Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) is a synthesis and refinement of practices stemming from Test Driven Development (TDD) and Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD). BDD augments TDD and ATDD byapplying the "Five Why's" principle to each proposed user story so that its purpose is clearly related to business outcomes. Five Why's is an iterative interrogative approach for uncovering the cause-and-effect links at the root of a problem. The main purpose of this technique is to uncover the core cause of a flaw or problem by asking "Why?" repeatedly. Each response serves as the foundation for the next question.
What is Cucumber? Explain the need of using Cucumber.
Cucumber is a behavior-driven development (BDD) testing tool. The BDD framework's major goal is to bring together a variety of project responsibilities, such as quality assurance, developers, and business analysts, to understand the application without diving too deeply into the technical components.Testers use Cucumber to create test cases for evaluating program behaviour. It is an important tool to automate acceptance tests written in logical language that customers can understand. It's primarily used to develop acceptance tests for web apps based on their features' behaviour.
What is TestNG?
TestNG is an automation framework that allows the optimization of selenium
What is different between BDD vs. Tradicional Automation
*BDD is a plain text and easy to understand, then in the Traditional Automation is full of code and hard to understand without specific knowledge; *BDD it's easy to understand by QA/BA/DEV/ Automation Test Engineer and all will be on the same page, then in the Traditional Automation, the code is understood only by Automation Test Engineer (sometimes Dev); *BDD can be shared even to stakeholders (since it's plain text format), then in the Traditional Automation is Impossible; *BDD easy to learn and implement, then Traditional Automation requires more knowledge while designing.
Enlist the files needed in the Cucumber framework.
*Feature File: It has plain text descriptions of single or numerous test situations. Keywords like Then, When, Background, Scenario Outline, Feature, And, But, and so on are used in the tests. As a result, it's a file that keeps track of features and their descriptions. Step Definition File: It has the extension .java. It essentially acts as a translator between the test scenario steps provided in the feature file and the automation code. Cucumber searches the step definition file and executes the relevant functions that are assigned to that step when it runs a step described in the feature file. TestRunner: .java is the file extension for this file. It connects the feature file and the step definition file. It allows the user to run one or more feature files at the same time. It contains the locations of the step definition and feature files.
Type of listeners in TestNG?
*IAnnotationTransformer; *IAnnotationTransformer2; *IConfigurable; *IConfigurableListener; *IExecutionListener; *IHookable; *IInnvokable; *IInvokedMethodListener; *IInvokedMethodListener2; *IMethodInterceptor; *IReporter; *ISuiteListener; *ITestListener;
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: Difference between TDD and BDD.
*TDD, Test-Driven Development (TDD) is a method of developing software that is driven by tests. This means that the developers must first write the test cases before writing the code. *BDD is an acronym for behavior-driven development. It's a behavior-based development approach. *TDD, tests are developed in a variety of programming languages, including Java,.NET, Python, Ruby, and others. *BDD, Given-When-Then steps are used to write BDD tests in a human-readable fashion. Non-technical people may read and comprehend these tests as well. *TDD, the scope is the key distinction between TDD and BDD. TDD is a development methodology. *BDD, on the other hand, is a collaborative methodology. *TDD, when a test fails because the specified function does not exist, TDD recommends writing the simplest code possible to pass the test, then reworking to remove duplication, and so on. *BDD, creating an executable specification that fails because the feature isn't available, then writing the simplest code possible to make the spec pass in BDD. This process is repeated until a release candidate is ready to be delivered. *TDD, the test cases are written by the developers in TDD *BDD, users or testers write automated specifications in BDD, which are then wired to the code under test by developers. *TDD, because TDD tests are written in specific programming languages, they are difficult to interpret by non-programmers. *BDD, mon-programmers can read BDD tests since they are written in a human-readable format.
What are the advantages of TestNG?
1. TestNG provides parallel execution of test methods; 2. It allows defining dependency of one test method over other methods; 3. It allows assigning priority to test methods; 4. It allows grouping of test methods into test groups; 5. It has support for parameterizing test cases using @parameters annotation; 6. It allows data-driven testing using @DataProvider annotation; 7. It has different assertions that help in checking the expected and actual result; 8. Detailed (HTML) reports.
What do you mean by feature in Cucumber?
A project's feature can be described as a stand-alone unit or functionality. A list of scenarios to test for a feature is frequently included with it. The Feature File is a file in which we store features, descriptions of features, and situations to be evaluated. For each feature under test, it is recommended that a separate feature file be created. The feature file must have the extension ".feature." You can make as many feature files as you want. Example:- For an e-commerce website, we can have the following features:- *User registers and signs up on the website. *User tries to log in to their account using their credentials. *Users add a product to their cart. *User clicks on checkout now. *User pays for their items. *User logs out from the website. All these are different features. The website will have many such features. All these features will have a separate Feature File.
What are annotations in Cucumber?
An annotation is a type of text that has been pre-defined and has a specified meaning. It tells the compiler/interpreter what to do when the program runs. The annotations on Cucumber are as follows: *Given: It specifies the requirements for running the test.Example: Given I have an account on Interviewbit. *When: It establishes the starting point for any test scenario.Example: When I log in to Interviewbit. *Then: It contains the expected result of the test which is to be executed.Example: Then registration should be successful. *And: Between any two statements, it gives the logical AND condition. AND can be combined with the GIVEN, WHEN, and THEN statements.Example: When I enter my account number AND CVV. *But: It denotes a logical OR relationship between two propositions. OR can be combined with the GIVEN, WHEN, and THEN statements.Example: Then I should be logged in BUT I must enter the OTP
Example Checklist of Gherkin scenarios
Concrete, Essential, Declarative, Focused, Ubiquitous, Interesting. Concrete-Use actual data values in your examples. Use concrete value no abstract description; Essential-Any date that you do use in an example should contribute to understanding the behavior being illustrated. Including inessential data makes it harder to read the example and understand what its purpose is; Declarative-Examples that declare what the user is trying to achieve (e.g."Withdraw $40") are easier to understand than those that describe imperatively what the user does (e.g."enter $40 through the keypad and click the "Withdraw" button"); Focused-Don't try to illustrate more than one interaction in any examples. if you need more examples to fully explore the behavior, then create them; Ubiquitous-Avoid using terms are only understood by some of the team, In genera, try to use business terminology throughout; Interesting-Every example should have a reason for existing. Try and give each one an intention revealing name.
What do you mean by Scenario Outline?
Consider the situation when we need to run a test scenario multiple times. Assume we need to ensure that the login feature is functional for all types of subscribers. This necessitates repeating the login functionality scenario. Copying and pasting the identical instructions to just re-run the code does not appear to be a good approach. Gherkin adds another framework, the scenario outline, to help with this. The scenario outline is similar to scenario, with the exception that several inputs are provided. Example:-Scenario Outline - Sign In Feature for a website.Explanation: The website can have multiple users and so we need to consider all the users while implementing the sign-in functionality.
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: Why do we need to use Cucumber with Selenium?
Cucumber and Selenium are two widely used testing frameworks and technologies. Selenium is widely used for functional testing in many organizations. These companies use Cucumber in conjunction with Selenium because Cucumber makes the application flow easier to read and comprehend. The most important advantage of combining Cucumber and Selenium is that it allows developers to build test cases in simple feature files that managers, non-technical stakeholders, and business analysts can understand. It allows you to develop tests in Gherkin, a human-readable programming language. Java,.NET, PHP, Python, Perl, and other programming languages are supported by the Selenium-Cucumber framework.
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: How does the execution start in Cucumber?
Cucumber execution will begin at the support level. In support, it will first load the env.rb file, then hooks.rb, and last start executing feature file scenario steps.
What is Cucumber?
Cucumber is an tool which helps Behavioral Driven Development (BDD). Support different language implementation like Java< JS, PHP, Ruby, C# etc. For C# we use Cucumber implementation call Specflow
Why Cucumber?
Cucumber is frequently used in BDD because it is an open-source technology. It's also quite simple to grasp, has a lot of room for additional features, and it's rather easy to connect Cucumber with Selenium or other third-party tools/jars, etc.It is quite easy for anyone who has just started learning Cucumber or for those who have intermediate experience in Cucumber/BDD because it has active help groups/members.Cucumber also allows for connectivity with an excel sheet and Jenkins.
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: What is grouping in the context of Cucumber?
Cucumber is unconcerned about the names of your step definition files or the order in which you place them. Instead of maintaining all steps in a single file, we can create steps.rb file for each major action/feature. This is referred to as grouping.
What programming languages are used by Cucumber?
Cucumber supports a variety of programming languages, including Java,.NET, Ruby, and others. It can also be used with other tools like Capybara and Selenium The Gherkin text serves as a skeleton for your automated tests and serves as documentation. Gherkin is based on TreeTop Grammar, which is used in more than 37 languages. As a result, you can write your gherkin in more than 37 different spoken languages
Which language is used in Cucumber?
Cucumber understands Gherkin. It's a straightforward English representation of the app's functionality. It is used for defining test cases. It is intended to be non-technical and human-readable, and it describes use cases for a software system as a whole. It's a domain-specific (DSL), business-friendly language.
What is Example Mapping in BDD?
Example mapping is a collaborative technique for discussing requirement details. It is typically used to discuss the details of a user story at a sprint planning or sprint planning preparation meeting. In an example mapping session, we break down the user story to rules (acceptance criteria), then illustrate and understand these rules using examples. The story, the rules and the examples are written onto index cards or sticky notes which make the example map. The relationships between Rules, Examples and Tests (Examples-->Rules; Examples-->Tests; Tests-->Rules.)
What are the advantages of using Cucumber?
Following are the advantages of using Cucumber:- *Cucumber supports a variety of programming languages, including Java, .net and Ruby. *It serves as a link between commercial and technical language. This can be done by writing a test case in plain English text. *It enables the test script to be developed without any prior knowledge of programming, as well as the participation of non-programmers. *Unlike other tools, it functions as an end-to-end test framework. Cucumber allows for code reuse thanks to its simple test script architecture
What are the primary keywords in Cucumber?
Following are the primary keywords in Cucumber:- Feature: The Feature keyword's aim is to collect relevant scenarios and provide a high-level description of a software feature. Rule: The Rule keyword is used to express a single business rule that should be followed. It adds to the information about a feature. Example: This is a practical illustration of a business rule. It comprises a series of steps. Given: The given steps are used to describe the system's initial context - the scenario's scene. It usually refers to an event that occurred in the past. When: When describing an occurrence or an action, When is employed. It could be a user interacting with the system or an event generated by another system. Then: Then steps are employed to indicate an anticipated outcome, or result. Background: A background helps you to give the situations that follow it some context. It can have one or more Given steps, which are executed prior to each scenario but after any Before hooks
Formulation in BDD?
Formulation-Examples of system behavior are documented using business terminology
What is Gherkin?
Gherkin is the format for Cucumber specification. It is a business-readable, Domain-specific language which will let anybody to understand the software behavior easily (effortlessly) since they are PLAIN TEXT. Gherkin has some spaces and indentations to define a structure. The syntax of Gherkin are very simple and are pretty readable as plain text. (such as Scenario, Given, When, Then so on)
Gherkin Specification?
Gherkin is the name of the specification language that Cucumber understands. It's designed to be just formal enough to be read by a computer, but flexible enough that people can use it too: Example: Scenario/Given/When/Then Scenario: Withdrawal from account in credit reduces balance Given my account has a balance of $100 When I withdraw $25 Then my account balance should be $75 Note: as well we can use other steps like "And" and "But"
What are hooks in Cucumber?
Hooks are code blocks that execute before or after each Cucumber scenario in the execution cycle. This enables us to better control the development workflow and decrease code redundancy. Setting up the web driver and terminating the web driver session resembles a test setup. When dealing with different scenarios, it's best to do the setup and clean up only once. Hooks are used to bringing optimization. Certain preconditions, such as executing the program, creating a database connection, preparing the test data, and so on, may be required in some cases. There are also several postconditions to be fulfilled, such as ending the database connection, closing the browser, refreshing test data, and logging out of the program. Cucumber handles all of these situations with the use of hooks. The methods @Before and @After can be used to define hooks anywhere in the project or step definition layers. Before hook is executed before any other test situations, and after the hook is executed after all test scenarios have been completed
What is JUnit Annotations and what are different types of annotations which are useful?
In Java a special form of syntactic meta-data can be added to java source code, this is know as annotations. Variables, parameters, packages, methods and classes are annotated some of the JUnit annotations which can be useful are *Test; *Before; *After; *ignore; *BeforeClass; *AfterClass; *RunWith
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: What is the difference between RSpec and Cucumber?
RSpec and Cucumber are two examples of testing frameworks. Traditional Unit Testing is used by RSpec. It refers to the practice of testing a section of an application separately from the remaining part of the application. As a result, your model performs what it's expected to do, the controller does what it's expected to do, and so on. Both RSpec and Cucumber are used for Acceptance Testing, also known as ATDD, BDD, and other terms. The major differences between RSpec and Cucumber:- *The fundamental distinction between RSpec and Cucumber is the element of business readability. *Unit testing is the primary purpose of RSpec. Cucumber, on the other hand, is primarily utilized in behavior-driven development. It can be used for System and Integration Testing as well. *Cucumber separates the specs or features from the test code, allowing product owners to provide or review the specification without having to walk through the code. *RSpec includes a similar method, but instead of elaborating a step with a Describe, it executes the statement using the business specification. This method is easier for developers to use, but a little more difficult for non-technical people.
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: What do you mean by Test Driven Development (TDD)?
TDD is an abbreviation that stands for Test-Driven Development. This is a development practice in which the test cases are created first, followed by the code that underpins the test cases. TDD may also be used to construct automation testing. TDD takes longer to develop due to the fact that it finds fewer flaws. The TDD development practice has increased the quality of code, which is more reusable and flexible as a result. TDD also aids developers in achieving high test coverage, ranging from 90% to 100%. The sole disadvantage of TDD for developers is that they must build test cases before producing code. The TDD methodology's basic six-step process: *First, all the test cases are written. Based on your requirements, you must create an automated test case. *Carry out all of the tests: Carry out these automated test cases on the code that has been developed so far. *Modify the code for that test case: You must develop the code to make that test casework as intended if it fails throughout this step. *Rerun the test cases: Now you must rerun the test cases to ensure that all of the previously developed test cases have been implemented. *Modularize your code as follows: This is a step that can be skipped. However, refactoring your code to make it more readable and reusable is recommended. That is why it is necessary. *For new test scenarios, repeat steps 1-5: This is the final phase in the process. You must now repeat the process for the remaining test cases till all of them have been implemented.
What is Cucumber Dry Run?
The purpose of the Cucumber dry run is to verify compilation faults and compile the Step Definition and Feature files. Dry run's value might be either true or false. Dry run has the value false by default and it is present in the Test Runner Class file. If the dry run value is true, Cucumber will check all steps in the Feature file. Within the Step Definition file, it will also check the implementation code of steps in the Feature file. If any of the steps in the Feature file is missing its implementation in the Step Definition file, a message is thrown. The @CucumberOptions has a dry run parameter that is used to configure the test parameters.
Cucumber Interview Questions for Experienced: How can you run a selected test from a group of tests in Cucumber?
We may execute a single test from a set of tests in the Cucumber framework using the tags idea. This is found in the TestRunner file's @CucumberOptions section. With the use of the @t<agname> keyword, we may tag a scenario in the feature file. A scenario can have one or more tags within the feature file. We can separate test scenarios with the assistance of tagging. We must pass the <tagname> value within the tags argument to execute a selected test in Cucumber, and we must pass the <~tagname> value within the tags parameter to exclude a test from running.
What are the basic requirements to run Cucumber Web test cases?
We need the: *The compiler and the development kit for the programming language we will be using. Example: JDK and JRE for using Java as our programming language. *An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) wherein we can write our code. Example: Eclipse. *Build tools so as to do tasks such as compiling code, packaging code to a jar, creating source code. Example: Maven, Gradle.
