National Military Organization

Supporting Commander

"a commander who provides augmentation forces or other support to a supported commander or who develops a supporting plan." A ______________________ aids another commander's forces by providing supplies, aircraft, tanks, people, or planning assistance.

Supported Commander

"the commander having primary responsibility for all aspects of a task assigned by the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan or other joint operation planning authority." The _____________________ receives support from other commanders' forces.

Battle Management Center (BMC)

- Air Expeditionary Wing commander and the wing's top leadership - receives the draft ATO from the JAOC and checks its ability to execute the mission - monitors sortie generation and recovery to meet additional taskings

The Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986

- Strengthened the position of the SecDef. - Improved the military advice provided to civilian leaders. - Clear responsibility was placed on CCDRs to accomplish their assigned missions. - The Joint Chiefs of Staff, including the CJCS, were explicitly removed from the operational chain of command. - matched the authority of the CCDRs with their responsibility and clearly defined Combatant Command authority (COCOM).

Battle Rhythm

14 Months Normal Training Period 2 Months Prep Period 4 Months Employment Period

Wing Operations Center

2 divisions, where actual execution of air and space power happens

Tempo Band A

4 months on 6 months off

Tempo Band D

6 Months on 12 months off

Tempo Band C

6 Months on 18 months off

Tempo Band B

6 Months on 2 years off

Tempo Band E

6 months on 6 months off

Combatant Command (CCMD)

A command with a broad continuing mission under a single commander established and so designated by the President, through the SecDef and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS).

Joint Force Commander (JFC)

A general term applied to a CCDR, subordinate unified commander, or joint task force commander (CJTF) authorized to exercise COCOM (if the JFC is a CCDR) or operational control over a joint force.

Joint Force Air Component Command Organization (JAOC)

A jointly staffed facility established for planning, directing, and executing joint air operations in support of the joint force commander's operation or campaign objectives.

Service Component Command

A type of command that consists of the Service (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines) contribution (people/ resources) to a joint force.

Which of the following did the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 accomplish? a. Degraded the military advice provided to civilian leaders b. Matched the authority of CCDRs with their responsibility c. Placed clear responsibility on CCDRs to accomplish their missions

B and C

Values-based Organization

Character and Competence Values Teamwork

Subordinate Unified Command

Command established by CCDRs, when so authorized by the SecDef through the CJCS, to conduct operations on a continuing basis in accordance with the criteria set forth for Combatant Commands.

Unity of Effort

Coordination and cooperation toward common objectives

Decentralized Execution

Delegation of execution authority over tactical aerospace operations to subordinate tactical commanders.

Strategy Division

Develops and assesses the progress of the JFACC's air and space strat- egy. It's generally responsible for long-range planning

U.S. Pacific Command (USPACOM)

Headquarters: Camp H.M. Smith, HI Area of Responsibility: Encompasses about half of the earth's surface, stretching from the waters off the west coast of the U.S. to the western border of India and from Antarctica to the North Pole Mission: ______ protects and defends, in concert with other U.S. Government agencies, the territory of the United States, its people, and its interests

U.S. Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM)

Headquarters: Doral, FL Area of Responsibility: Encompasses 31 countries and 16 dependencies and areas of special sovereignty The region represents about one-sixth of the landmass of the world assigned to regional commands Mission: ______ is responsible for providing contingency planning, operations, and security cooperation for Central and South America, the Caribbean (except U.S. commonwealths, territories, and possessions), and Cuba, as well as for the force protection of U.S. military resources at these locations

U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM)

Headquarters: Kelley Barracks, Stuttgart, Germany Area of Responsibility: USAFRICOM is responsible for all U.S. DOD operations, exercises, and security cooperation on the African continent, its island nations, and surrounding waters Mission: USAFRICOM, with partners, disrupts and neutralizes transnational threats, protects U.S. personnel and facilities, prevents and mitigates conflict, and builds African partner defense capability and capacity in order to promote regional security, stability and prosperity

U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM)

Headquarters: MacDill AFB, FL Area of Responsibility: Middle East, Egypt, and Central Asia Mission: With national and international partners, USCENTCOM promotes cooperation among nations, responds to crises, and deters or defeats state and non-state aggression, and supports development and, when necessary, reconstruction in order to establish the conditions for regional security, stability, and prosperity

U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM)

Headquarters: MacDill AFB, Florida provides fully capable Special Operations Forces to defend the U.S. and its interests. It plans and synchronizes operations against terrorist networks.

U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM)

Headquarters: Offutt AFB, Nebraska deter attacks on the United States and its allies, and should deterrence fail, employ forces so as to achieve national objectives.

U.S. European Command (USEUCOM)

Headquarters: Patch Barracks, Stuttgart, Germany Area of Responsibility: Covers almost one-fifth of the planet, including all of Europe, large portions of Asia, parts of the Middle East and the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans Mission: USEUCOM works with NATO and other partner nations to address the security and defense needs of nations in Europe and parts of the Middle East and Eurasia USEUCOM coordinates with these nations to find cooperative solutions in peace and war- time alike, to plan training missions, provide humanitarian assistance and to develop strate- gies for promoting peace and stability in the region

U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM)

Headquarters: Peterson AFB, CO Area of Responsibility: Includes air, land, and sea approaches and encompasses the continental United States, Alaska, Canada, Mexico and the surrounding water out to approxi- mately 500 nautical miles The commander of ________ is responsible for theater security cooperation with Canada, Mexico, and the Bahamas Mission: _________ is primarily responsible for civil support and homeland security and also oversees the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)

U.S. Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM)

Headquarters: Scott AFB, Illinois develops and directs the joint deployment and distribution enterprise to globally project strategic national security capabilities; accurately senses the operating environment; provides end-to-end distribution process visibility; and responsive support of joint, U.S. Government and SecDef-approved multinational and non-governmental logistical requirements.

Subordinate Unified Command

It is formed to conduct operations on a continuing basis IAW criteria established for unified commands.

Joint Force

It's a single force under a single commander who has operational control of the force. The force must include significant elements from more than one U.S. Military Department and can be organized on a geographic or functional basis.

Joint Staff

Its members provide unified strategic direction for combatant forces, unified operation of combatant forces, and integration of effort among the armed forces.

Functional Component Commanders

Joint Force Maritime Component Commander (JFMCC) Joint Force Land Component Commander (JFLCC) Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC) Joint Force Special Operations Component Commander (JFSOCC)

Common Doctrine

Joint doctrine presents fundamental principles that guide the employment of U.S. military forces in coordinated and integrated action toward a common objective.

Combatant Command

Joint force since it typically is assigned a broad mission that requires two or more Military Departments to execute successfully.

Combat Operations Division

Monitors the real-time execution of the ATO, coordinates changes with the JFACC and the Wing Operation Centers (WOC), and assists the Strategy Division in assessing the current effort

Combatant Command Authority (COCOM)

Nontransferable command authority, which cannot be delegated, of a CCDR to perform those functions of command over assigned forces involving: organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations, joint training, and logistics necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the command.

Joint Task Force Commander (CJTF) Responsibilities

Organizing the forces Command Authority Planning

Centralized Planning

Placing within one commander the responsibility and authority for planning, directing, and coordinating a military operation or group/category of operations. This is vital for controlling and coordinating the efforts of joint forces

Air Mobility Division

Responsible for coordinating requirements for intra- and inter-theater airlift, refueling, and MEDEVAC airlift

Combat Plans Division

Responsible for planning near-term (within 48 hours) air and space operations; contains the Master Air Attack Planning (MAAP) Team and the ATO Production Team

Survival Recovery Center (SRC)

Responsible for sustainment and survivability so the mission can continue

Joint Task Force Components

Service Components Functional Components

The JFACC, with coordination through the CJTF, can organize the JAOC however he/she thinks is best. However, the structure usually contains the following divisions

Strategy Division Combat Plans Division Combat Operations Division Air Mobility Division ISR Division

Operational Control (OPCON)

The authority to perform functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direc- tion necessary to accomplish the mission.

Unified Command Plan (UCP)

The document, approved by the President, that sets forth basic guidance to all CCDRs; establishes their missions, responsibilities, and force structure; delineates the general geographical AOR for geographic CCDRs; and specifies functional responsibilities for a functional CCDR.

Area of Responsibility (AOR)

The geographical area associated with a Combatant Command within which a geographic Combatant Commander has authority to plan and conduct operations.

Unity of Command

The operation of all forces under a single responsible commander who has the requisite authority to direct and employ those forces in pursuit of a common purpose.

Attached

The placement of units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively temporary.

Air Expeditionary Task Force (AETF)

The primary means by which the Air Force presents forces to the joint force commander during contingency operations.

Operational Branch

This branch runs from the President to the SecDef to the Combatant Commands/CCDRs. Operational orders are relayed through the CJCS. When time permits, all communications from the CCDRs to civilian leadership pass through the CJCS even though he has no command authority. CCDRs may come from any branch of the military and are responsible for employing the forces provided by the individual Services.

Institutional Force

This force consists of those assigned to organizations responsible to carry out the SECAF USC Title 10 functions at the Air Force level.

Enabler Force

This force includes common user assets, such as global mobility forces, special operations and personnel recovery forces, and space forces. Additionally, high demand/low support (HD/LS) assets

Assigned

To place units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively permanent, and/or where such organization controls and administers the units or personnel for the primary function, or greater portion of the functions, of the unit or personnel.

Command of the Reserve Component

__________ on active duty may not be deployed until validated by the parent Service for deployment __________units that are not mobilized fall under the administrative command of their state governor

Relationship from Commander to the Forces

____________________ relate to their forces by exercising one of the three types of authority...COCOM, OPCON, or TACON

Direct Support

a force is required to support another specific force and is authorized to answer to the supported force's request for assistance.

CMSgt Decker tells his training instructors that even though they're considered an institutional force and don't represent a warfighting capability, they're still inherently deployable. Therefore, he advises them to check vMPF to find out what Tempo Band they're assigned to so they know when they might be vulnerable for a deployment. He ends by saying, "Remember, we're Airmen. Even though you're in a special duty assignment, you must be ready to support the joint force at all times. The more ready you are, the more useful you'll be to a joint force commander." CMSgt Decker's comments BEST explain the __________ and its impact on mission effectiveness. a. AEF concept b. AETF c. JTF

a. AEF concept

The Cycle operates two 12-month life cycles that align with the Global Force Management a. AEF schedule b. AEF battle rhythm c. Global Force Management Allocation Process

a. AEF schedule

A bombing has occurred in an area known as a hotspot for these types of activities and the President and SecDef want to stabilize this part of the country. The crisis is located in a country that shares its southern border with an ocean. Additionally, the northern border contains mountainous regions that intelligence predicts will be used as a safe haven for those taking responsibly for the bombing. Therefore, the CCDR decides to stand up a JTF to deal with the situation. The CJTF determines there are two areas of operation: air and sea. Based on the CJTF's areas of operation, she should to appoint a ________ and _______. a. JFACC and JFMCC b. JFLCC and JFSOCC c. COMARFOR and COMMARFOR

a. JFACC and JFMCC

Geographic Combatant Commands (GCCs)

are assigned a geographic AOR by the President with the advice of SecDef as specified in the UCP.

Role

are the broad and enduring purposes for which the Services and the Combatant Commands were established in law.

TACON

authority over assigned or attached forces and is limited to the de- tailed direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish assigned missions or tasks can be delegated to and exercised by CCs at any echelon

The_________is so critical to Air Force warfighting success that it's considered a weapon system. a. ATO b. JAOC c. WOC

b. JAOC

In order to ensure his Airmen are ready to deploy at the end of the month, MSgt Spencer checks with the Unit Training Manager to see if anyone has any outstanding tasks that still need to be completed. He also scheduled some time to sit down with each Airman to inspect their gear for items that need to be replaced. He hopes that by accomplishing these actions, they'll be able to focus on the mission as soon as they get to the AOR. MSgt Spencer's actions BEST illustrate __________tasks associated with the ________ branch of the chain of command. a. Organizing and recruiting; administrative b. Training and equipping; administrative c. Training and equipping; operational d. Organizing and recruiting; operational

b. Training and equipping; administrative

During an operation, a CCDR determines that he doesn't have enough air assets to accomplish a specific mission. As a result, assistance is provided from another CCDR. With the additional assets, the CCDR tasked with the mission exercises OPCON to plan and execute it successfully. Once the mission is completed, the borrowed assets are returned to their original CCDR. This scenario BEST illustrates a transfer of forces that are ___________ the supported CCDR. a. assigned to b. attached to c. directly supporting

b. attached to

MSgt Isaac's team is preparing to deploy in 6 months. During this time, he ensures their equipment is serviceable and all of their training is up-to-date. He also briefed that, if there are no extenuating circumstances, once they get back, they won't be vulnerable for another deployment in 18 months. MSgt Isaac's actions BEST illustrate the responsibilities of the _______________. a. Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 b. Operational branch of the chain of command c. Administrative branch of the chain of command

c. Administrative branch of the chain of command

MSgt Smith has to explain to his new Airmen how often they can expect to deploy. He tells them that when they deploy, they're usually gone for 6 months, but it'll most likely be 18 months before they're vulnerable to deploy again. MSgt Smith's comments BEST identify Tempo Band with a deploy to dwell rate. a. A; 1:4 b. E; 1:1 c. C; 1:3

c. C; 1:3

In order to provide assistance to a country hit by a devastating tsunami, the CCDR decides to task U.S. forces already assigned to a command geographically located near the disaster with the mission. The CCDR gives that commander OPCON over the joint forces already assigned. The CCDR's actions BEST identify the use of a _______________ as a joint force option. a. JTF b. Combatant Command c. Subordinate Unified Command

c. Subordinate Unified Command

Combatant Command (command authority) - COCOM

cannot be delegated or transferred organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations, joint training—or in the case of USSOCOM, training of assigned forces—and logistics necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the command.

Joint Chiefs of Staff

consists of the Chairman, the Vice Chairman, and the four Service Chiefs and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. Marine Corps. Gen Joe Dunford (CJCS) Air Force Gen. Paul J. Selva (VCJCS) Command Sgt. Maj. John Wayne Troxell (Senior Enlisted Advisor, CJCS) Gen. Mark A. Milley (Army) Gen. Robert Neller (Marines) Adm. John Richardson (Navy) Gen. David Goldfein (Air Force) Gen. Joseph L. Lengyel (NG)

Civil Support

consists of the support the DOD provides to US civil authorities for do- mestic emergencies, designated law enforcement, and other activities.

AEF Capability Library

contains a finite capability that at any given time identifies forces available or allocated for scheduling and provides a composite of capabilities from which AETFs are task organized to meet mission requirements.

Joint Task Force (JTF)

contains joint forces established for a specific mission and for a limited amount of time.

CSA Mission

derived from the specified missions and tasks designated in a CJCS or Combatant Command operations plan, concept plan, functional plan, operations order, execution order, or in operational directives issued by the CJCS.

Combat Support Agencies (CSAs)

designated by Congress or the SecDef. provide combat support or combat service support functions to joint operating forces across the spectrum of military operations and serve in a supporting role for CCDRs executing military operations.

OPCON

does not, in and of itself, include authoritative direction for logistics, administration, discipline, internal organization, or unit training.

Emergency Preparedness

encompasses planning activities undertaken to ensure the DOD processes, procedures, and resources are in place to support the President and SecDef in designated National Security Emergencies.

In-Place Support

force includes those required to stay in garrison; however, they're also included in the AEF Tempo Bands.

Joint Task Force (JTF)

formed to accomplish missions with a specific, limited objective...usually in response to a short notice, spontaneous, or unpredictable crisis.

Homeland security

is a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the US. It reduces our vulnerability to terrorism and minimizes the damage to recover from attacks that do occur.

Global Force Management Allocation Plan

is a consolidated order that allows all SecDef allocation decisions to be complied into one order. Supporting and supported CCDRs publish Deployment Orders (DEPORDSs) implementing the orders in the GFMAP.

Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC)

is a functional component commander who commands the joint air and space forces (from more than one Military Department) in a joint force for the joint force commander.

Functional Component Commands

is a subordinate command organization within a joint force made up of military elements organized together based on similar capabilities or functions.

Function

is appropriate assigned duties, responsibilities, missions, or tasks of an individual, office, or organization.

Tactical Control (TACON)

is that level of control that allows commanders to direct and control generally smaller-sized units to accomplish a specific task or mission.

Administrative Control (ADCON)

is the authority and responsibility of a commander to tend to the personal and professional welfare of the forces assigned to him or her.

Secretary of Defense (SecDef)

is the principal defense policy advisor to the President for national security matters. James N. Mattis

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)

is the principal military advisor to the President and the SecDef and is the ranking officer of the Armed Forces. Marine Corps. Gen. Joe Dunford

Homeland Defense

is the protection of US sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and critical defense infrastructure against aggression, external threats, or other threats as directed by the President.

Commander, Air Force Forces (COMAFFOR)

is the single, senior ranking Air Force commander in charge of U.S. Air Force forces presented to a joint force.

AEF Schedule

operates on two 12-month life cycles that align with the Global Force Management Cycle and coincides with fiscal years.

Readily Available Force

primary pool the Air Force uses to meet its Global Force Management Allocation Plan (GFMAP) requirements.

Administrative Branch

proceeds from the President to the SecDef through the Secretaries of the Military Departments and then to the Service Chiefs. Authority and control of forces not assigned to Combatant Commands proceed through the administrative chain of command. The individual branches of Service are responsible to recruit, organize, train, and equip forces...NOT employ forces.

Global Force Management Allocation

process facilitates alignment of forces and individuals against known requirements in advance of planning and deployment preparation timelines.

ISR Division

produces an annex to the ATO called the Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition (RSTA) ATO Annex.

Combatant Commands

responsible to the President and the SecDef for accomplishing the military missions assigned to them.

Secretaries of the Military Departments and Service Chiefs

specified in law, their authority runs through the Service Chiefs to the Service component commanders for forces assigned to the CCDRs. exercise authority through their respective Service Chiefs over forces not assigned to the CCDRs.

Functional Combatant Commands (FCCs)

support (or can be supported by) GCCs or may conduct assigned missions independently. FCCs are responsible for a large functional area requiring single responsibility for effective coordination of the operations therein.

Joint Air Operations Center (JAOC)

the operations planning and execution focal point for the JTF, where centralized planning, direction, control, and coordination of air and space operations occur.

Global Force Management

the process that aligns force assignment, apportionment and allocation methodologies in support of National Defense Strategy. It serves as the SecDef's force management tool across all Services.

Geographic Combatant Commands (GCCs)

vital link between those who determine national security policy and strategy and the military forces that conduct military operations within a certain geographic area.

CSAs include

• Defense Intelligence Agency • National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency • Defense Information Systems Agency • Defense Logistics Agency • Defense Contract Management Agency • Defense Threat Reduction Agency • National Security Agency

primary functions of the JAOC

• Develop strategy and planning documents • Task and execute day to day air and space operations • Receive, assemble, analyze, filter, and disseminate intelligence and weather information • Issue airspace control procedures and coordinate airspace control activities • Provide overall air defense direction • Produce and disseminate Air Tasking Orders and changes • Provide for integrating and supporting all air mobility mission

Responsibilities of CJCS

• Provide strategic direction and plans for the Armed Forces • Direct the preparation of contingency plans • Advise on programs, requirements, and budgeting • Develop joint doctrine, training, and education

COMAFFOR

• The Air Force's service component commander in a designated joint force • Administrative control through the U.S. Air Force chain of command (an Airman takes care of Airmen's needs) • Operational control over Air Force forces as delegated by the Combatant Commander or the joint force commander can exercise operational control through the ___________. • Can be dual-hatted as the joint force air component commander (JFACC) if the Air Force presents the most air assets to the joint force