NBCE Part 1 - General Anatomy Board Questions
Where in the clock faced analogy is the pulmonary trunk located in a VD view
1-2o'clock
Physeal fractures of what Salter fracture types have an intra-articular component
3 and 4
Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers?
3= oculomotor 7= facial 9= glossophayngeal 10= vagus
How many adult teeth does an adult dog have
42
Surgical removal of an ununited anconeal process in the german shephard dog is best done at what age?
6 months
The cysterna chyli is best described as what?
A dilation at the origin of the thoracic duct
What is the correct order of radiographic densities from least to most dense
Air-fat-water-bone-metal
What is the proximal end of the trochlear notch of the ulna?
Anconeal process
In a paramedian incision, the first muscle that must be cut to enter the abdominal cavity is waht?
Aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique
What are the 3 divisions of the skeleton
Axial, Appendicular, Accessory (visceral)
The extensor of the shoulder and flexor of the elbow is what?
Biceps brachii
What sulcus wraps around the lateral side of the humerus?
Brachial groove
The phrenic nerve which innervates the diaphragm have their origin from the spinal cord at what level?
C 5-7
What doe the term carpus designate?
Capral bone Compund joint between the carpal bones Region between the forearm and the metacarpus
Which side of the thorax is the left ventricle on?
Caudal
On a VD radiogrpah of the canine abdomen the spleen can usually be visualized as a triangular soft tissue density situated where?
Caudal to the fundus of the stomach
The left gastric, hepatic, and splenic arteries of the dog are branches of what artery
Celiac artery
What nerve of the pelvic limb innervates the craniolateral muscles of the crus
Common fibular n.
What uniaxial joint is formed by 2 condyles of one bone fitting into concavities of another bone
Condylar joint
The pulmonary aretery segment (pulmonary trunk) is best visualized in what kind of radiographic view
DV chest view
A lateral apprach to the shoulder was used to reapir OCD in 2 yr old old golden retriever. 3 weeks postperatively, marked atrophy was present in the supraspinatus m. This is most likely a surgical complication due to what?
Damage to the suprascapular nerve
What arises from the spinal cord to form the spinal nerves
Dorsal and ventral roots
What are the layers of the heart
Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium, Pericardium
When the pleural cavity of a dog is invaded on one side in lung surgery, both lungs may collapse due to
Fenestrations of the mediastinum
The only flexor of the distal interphalnageal joints of the principle digits(II-V) inserts on the tuberosity of the distal phalanges. What is this muscle?
Flexor digitorium profundus
Where would you expect a fracture in the long bone of a puppy
Growth plate/physis
What would cause both and "increased sternal contact on a lateral view and a "reverse-D" heart on the VD view
Heartworm disease
What elastic tissue fills the dorsal space between the adjacent vertebrae
Interacrcuate ligament/ yellow ligament
What is the grove between the greater and lesser humeral tubercles?
Intertubercular groove
An epidural anesthetic can safely be injected at the lumbosacral space in the dog because the spinal cord usually terminates between what veretabrea
L6-7
What arise from the epicondyles of the humerus?
Lateral epicondyle= extensors of the forearm Medial epicondyle= flexors of the forearm
Which organs do not drain blood into the portal vein system?
Liver, kidneys, gonads, adrenal glands
Anatomically speaking the best choices for surgically entering the stomach is where?
Midway between the lesser and greater curvatures
On the medial surface of the middle humerus the pulse can be palpated in the brachial artery. In this location the 3 nerves which run distally in the groove between the biceps and triceps muscle and may be anesthetized with on injection are what nerves?
Musculocutansous, median, and ulnar
The caudal surface of the diaphragm is covered by what?
Parietal Peritoneum
What is a false statement about the pleura... a. Is a serous membrane b. Has parietal and visceral parts c. Parietal and visceral parts are separated by the line of pleural reflection d. The cupula is formed by the cranial extent of the pleura where it reflects from costal to mediastinal parietal pleura e. Parietal and visceral pleura are always continuous
Parietal and visceral parts are separated by the line of pleural reflection
Continuous heart murmur is indicative of
Patent ductus arteriousus (PDA)
The expanded part of the ureter within the kidney is called what?
Pelvis
Partial obstruction of the esophagus can be caused by what?
Persistent right aortic arch (PRAA)
What is the uniaxial joint allowing rotation around a longitudinal axis of a bone
Pivot joint
Which of of the following structures are not parietal pleura: a. Pulmonary ligament b. Mediastinal pleura c. Costal pleura d. Diaphragmatic pleura e. Pericardial pleura
Pulmonary ligament
Which part of the heart or great vessels associated with it would be found on a VD radiograph at 1-2 o'clock
Pulmonary trunk
The caudal extension of the peritoneal cavity between the rectum and the reproductive organs is the what?
Rectogenital pouch of excavation
What is the proper sequence of the blood circulation form the vena cava to the aorta in the thoracic cavity?
Right atrium- right ventricle- pulmary artery- pulmonary vein- left atrium- left ventricle-
The symptoms of limb edema, venous enlargement, ascites, hepatomegally and no respiratory signs in a dog are all indicative of what?
Right heart failure
What 2 lung lobes are called the middle lobes by radiologists?
Right medial and caudal lobe of left cranial lobe
Which part of the heart or great vessels associated whith it would be on a VD at 6-9o'clock position
Right ventricle
Osteochondrosis Dessecans in the dog occurs MOST frequently in the articulation of what joint
Scapulohumeral joint
The celiac artery supplies a. Cecum b. Transverse colon c. Spleen d. Ileum e. Adrenal gland
Spleen
The infraspinatus muscle is innervated by what nerve?
Suprascapular n.
What are the 3 types for joints?
Synovial Cartilaginous Fibrous
What structural type of joint is characterized by its mobility
Synovial joint
Which of these is false concerning muscle attachments a. the origin is usually the most proximal attachment of a limb muscle b. the insertion is usually the more distal attachments of a limb muscle c. the origin is usually the more movable of the attachments d. fleshy attachments are really connective tissue attachments e. an aponeurotic attachment is a tendinous attachment
The origin is usually the more movable of the attachments
Which of the following statements are not true? a.The right ventricle is on the cranial side of the heart b. The right ventricle is on the right side of the heart c. The right ventricle is on the left side of the heart d. The right ventricle is on the caudal side of the heart e. The right ventricle is located below the right atrium
The right ventricle is on the caudal side of the heart
The largest muscle that arises from the ligamentum nunchae, C2 to T10 and inserts on the spine of the scapula is what muscle?
Trapezius
What are the extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb?
Trapezius Superfical/deep pectorals Omotransversarius Lattisimus dorsi serratis ventralis rhomboiseus bracheocephalicus
What is the vessel that carries blood from the mother to the fetus?
Umbilical vein
What type of treatment must you give a piece of radiographic film so it will appear clear
Unexposed/ developed
The Salter classifaction of phyeal fractures are... a. useful in determining long term prognosis b. is the same as the atkens classification c. separates them into 3 groups d. is of no value
Useful in determining long term prognosis
Sympathetic nerves leave the thoacolumbar levels of the spinal cord and reach the cervicval ganglion via what?
Vagosympathetic trunk
Which one of the following terms best describes the ANS? a. Enteroreceptor b. Exterorecptor c. Visceral afferent d. Proprioceptor e. Somatic efferent
Visceral efferent
Which muscle doesn't cross the flexor side of the joint a. triceps brachii b. anconeus c. extensor carpi radialis d. supinator e. biceps brachii
anconeus
In a coxofemoral luxation the position of the femoral head in relation to the acentabulum is usually where?
anterior dorsal
Which statement is false? a. The origin of muscles is usually the least movable b. An aponeurosis is a round attachment of round muscles c. Tendons attach muscles to bones d. A ligament attaches 2 bones e. A sphincter encircles an opening
aponeurosis is a round attachment of round muscles
The MOST common point of the urethral obstruction in the dog is
at the proximal end of the os penis
what does ceca mean
blind
What is false about the reflex arc? a. Simplest impulse pathway b. Usually involves 3 neurons c. Can be modified by connections from the brain d. Is abolished caudal to location of a severed spinal cord e. Has connections to the brain
can be modified by connections from the brain
What side of the heart is the left ventricle on?
caudal side
What is the boundry of the internal (deep) inguinal ring?
caudal side of the external abdominal oblique muscle
A typhlectotomy is indicated in what
chronic whipworm infection
What nerve of the pelvic limb innervates the dorsal surface of the rear paw
common fibular nerve
In the dog, sound created at the mitral valve by it closure is best auscultated where?
costochondral junction on the left side in the 5th intercostal space
-ectomy
cut out
Motor fibers do not travel over which structure a. dorsal root b. dorsal branch c. spinal nerve d. ventral branch e. ventral root
dorsal root
What side of the trachea is the recurrent laryngeal nerves on?
dorsolateral
What fetal structure bypasses the liver
ductus venosus
what does oto mean
ear
What is not a boundary of the asculatation triangle a. triceps b. epaxial muscles c. curved line from olecranon to dorsal last intercostals space d. transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae e. diaphragm
epaxial muscles
A dog cannot support its weight on its right foreleg when walking, running or standing. When the animals weight is shifted to the right foreleg, the leg collapses. This condition is due to the non functioning of what muscles?
ex tensors of the elbow
When the biceps femoris, semimembranous and semitendinous muscle contract as a group the primary function of the hip joint is what?
extension
The adult remnant of the umbilical vein is the what?
falciform ligament
The action of the hip joint primarily affected by rupture of the psoas major muscle is
flexion
In the fetal circulation, the blood normally flows from the post cava (caudal vena cava/right atrium) into the left atrium via the what?
foramen ovale
Following birth, a long bone (like the femur) INCREASES in the length by
formation of cartilage in the epiphyseal plate and its subsequent replacement by bone
Which is not a process? a. throchanter b. fossa c. epicondyle d. facet e. two of the above
fossa
What is the most radioluclent in radiogrpahs
gas/air
what does dura mean
hard
Crypto-
hidden
What is the characteristic of the venous system
high volume
what does coxa mean
hip
The foramen ovale is an opening through what
interatrial septum
What connects the heads of the pair of opposite ribs, crossing the dorsal part of the intervetaebral discs
intercapital ligaments
A physeal fracture is... a.is just as serious as a diaphyseal fracture b. is NOT easily diagnosed radiographically c. should not be considered when there is displacement at the end of a long bone d. is never traumatic in origin
is NOT easily diagnosed radiogrpahically
Which is a correct statement about the 1st digit or dewclaw of most breeds of dogs a. is often found lateral to the other digits b. is always present in the hind paw c. is often absent in the hind paw d. is usually absent in the front paw e. contains no bones
is often absent in the hind paws
What is caudal indentation between the ishiatic tuberosities?
ischiatic arch
What nerve of the pelvic limb innervates the caudal thigh muscles
ischiatic n
What are the 4 basic characteristics of the synovial joint that makes them differnt from other types of joints?
joint space hylaine cartilage synovail fluid joint capsule
The ___ meniscus is separated from its corresponding collateral ligament by the ___
later, popliteus tendon
what side of the body is the accessoty carpal on
lateral palmar
What side of the body is the extnesor fossa of the humerus on?
lateral side
What side of the body is the ilocostalis system on?
lateral side
What side of the body is the semitendinous on?
lateral side
what does lamin mean
layer
On which side of the body is the pulmonary trunk
left
What side of the body is the MPA on
left
what side is the fundus of the stomach on
left
The descending colon of the dog can be palpated in what part of the body
left dorsal abdomen
When doing lumbosacral pucture, the needle is advanced until it is felt going through what structures
ligamentum flavum
The only crural muscle on the dog to cross he stifle joint on the cranial surface is the
long digital extensor
What does ansa mean
loop
-ostomy
make opening
What are lymph nodes located near the termination of the aorta
medial iliac lymphnodes
The nerve to the flexor carpi radialis is?
meidan n
The largest group of sesamoid bones of the manus is located at the level of what joint?
metacarpophalangeal joint
What is the least radiolucent on a radiograph
metal
What side of the body is the pylorus in a cat stomach
midline
If the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves to the hind limb are cut and the the peripheral ends are stimulated what happens
nothing
Where is the dorsal longitudinal ligament located?
on the floor of the vertebral canal
What does aditus mean
opening
A dog with atlanoto-axial subluxation would exhibit what?
pain with spastic paralysis of both thoracic and pelvic limb
The parasympathetic nerve supply to the rectum is via the ____ nerve
pelvic c.
What parts of the renal pelvis surround the pseudopalpillae
pelvic recess/divertibulae
What part of the renal pelvis surrounds the pseudopapillae?
pelvic recesses
All venous blood is draining from the intestines normally passes through which vein?
portal vein
Which nerve runs to the extensors of the forearm
radial n.
What is the name for the area of the kidney from which the urine drops into the expanded part of the ureter?
renal pelvis
what side is the descending duodenum on
right
what side is the thoracic duct on
right
what side is the right ventricle on
right side
What is the course of the transverse colon in all domestic species
right to left cranial to the root of mesentary
what does teres mean
round
What do lead gloves and aprons protect against
scatter
A colopexy is performed to do what
secure the large intestine to the abdominal wall
Which muscle suspends the trunk of the animal between the shoulder blades
serratus ventralis
What does omo mean
shoulder
What structures are not innervated by the ANS? a. Skeletal muscle b. Smooth muscle c. Cardiac muscle d. Glands
skeletal muscles
Bile is drained by the liver cells by what?
small canaliculi
The celiac artery of the dog supplies which organs?
stomach spleen liver pancreas first part of the duodenum
what does rect- meant
straight
Since articular cartilage is avascular, the chondrocytes must receive their nutrients from what?
synovial fluid
Which of these statements about the greater omentum is true? a. The deep leaf of the greater omentum attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach b. The superficial leaf is dorsal to the deep leaf of the greater omentum c. The gastrosplenic ligament is part of the greater omentum d. The omental bursa is between the lesser and greater omentum e. The pancrease is between the 2 layers of the superficial leaf of the greater omentum
the gastrosplenic ligament is part of the greater omentum
The preganglionic fivers associated with the sympathetic division of the ANS are components of
thoracolumbar spinal nerves
What organ causes the "sail sign" in a VD radiograph
thymus
what does -otomy
to cut
In the middle of 1/3 of the neck, the relationship of the esophagus to the trachea is
to the left
Which forearm muscle is located on the caudal aspect of the forarm
ulnaris lateralis
What is the shelf of the distal phalanx covering the root of the claw
ungual crest
The sympathetic nerves leave the the thorax and reach the cranial cervical ganglion via the what?
vagosympathetic trunk
A 6 year old cocker spaniel has had severe neck pain for 6 weeks. He holds his head and neck in a lowered, rigid position and resists manipulation. Radiographic examination, revealing a disc protrusion at C 3-4 interspace, indicates surgery. The incision site usually chosen is
ventral midline
The opening of the nasolacrimal duct is located in the ...
ventral nasal cavity at mucocutaneous juction
What structures are not made of corpus spongiousum a. bulb of the penis b. glans of the penis c. bulb of the glans d. ventral part of the body of the penis e. none of the above
ventral part of the body of the penis
What is true about a dogs vertebral disc
ventral portion of the annulous fibrosus is about 3x thicker and stronger than the dorsal portion
Which of the following does not carry sensory fibers a. dorsal rootlets b. ventral root c. spinal nerve d. dorsal root e. ventral branch of spinal nerve
ventral root