NBCE Part 1 - General Anatomy Board Questions

Where in the clock faced analogy is the pulmonary trunk located in a VD view

1-2o'clock

Physeal fractures of what Salter fracture types have an intra-articular component

3 and 4

Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers?

3= oculomotor 7= facial 9= glossophayngeal 10= vagus

How many adult teeth does an adult dog have

42

Surgical removal of an ununited anconeal process in the german shephard dog is best done at what age?

6 months

The cysterna chyli is best described as what?

A dilation at the origin of the thoracic duct

What is the correct order of radiographic densities from least to most dense

Air-fat-water-bone-metal

What is the proximal end of the trochlear notch of the ulna?

Anconeal process

In a paramedian incision, the first muscle that must be cut to enter the abdominal cavity is waht?

Aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

What are the 3 divisions of the skeleton

Axial, Appendicular, Accessory (visceral)

The extensor of the shoulder and flexor of the elbow is what?

Biceps brachii

What sulcus wraps around the lateral side of the humerus?

Brachial groove

The phrenic nerve which innervates the diaphragm have their origin from the spinal cord at what level?

C 5-7

What doe the term carpus designate?

Capral bone Compund joint between the carpal bones Region between the forearm and the metacarpus

Which side of the thorax is the left ventricle on?

Caudal

On a VD radiogrpah of the canine abdomen the spleen can usually be visualized as a triangular soft tissue density situated where?

Caudal to the fundus of the stomach

The left gastric, hepatic, and splenic arteries of the dog are branches of what artery

Celiac artery

What nerve of the pelvic limb innervates the craniolateral muscles of the crus

Common fibular n.

What uniaxial joint is formed by 2 condyles of one bone fitting into concavities of another bone

Condylar joint

The pulmonary aretery segment (pulmonary trunk) is best visualized in what kind of radiographic view

DV chest view

A lateral apprach to the shoulder was used to reapir OCD in 2 yr old old golden retriever. 3 weeks postperatively, marked atrophy was present in the supraspinatus m. This is most likely a surgical complication due to what?

Damage to the suprascapular nerve

What arises from the spinal cord to form the spinal nerves

Dorsal and ventral roots

What are the layers of the heart

Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium, Pericardium

When the pleural cavity of a dog is invaded on one side in lung surgery, both lungs may collapse due to

Fenestrations of the mediastinum

The only flexor of the distal interphalnageal joints of the principle digits(II-V) inserts on the tuberosity of the distal phalanges. What is this muscle?

Flexor digitorium profundus

Where would you expect a fracture in the long bone of a puppy

Growth plate/physis

What would cause both and "increased sternal contact on a lateral view and a "reverse-D" heart on the VD view

Heartworm disease

What elastic tissue fills the dorsal space between the adjacent vertebrae

Interacrcuate ligament/ yellow ligament

What is the grove between the greater and lesser humeral tubercles?

Intertubercular groove

An epidural anesthetic can safely be injected at the lumbosacral space in the dog because the spinal cord usually terminates between what veretabrea

L6-7

What arise from the epicondyles of the humerus?

Lateral epicondyle= extensors of the forearm Medial epicondyle= flexors of the forearm

Which organs do not drain blood into the portal vein system?

Liver, kidneys, gonads, adrenal glands

Anatomically speaking the best choices for surgically entering the stomach is where?

Midway between the lesser and greater curvatures

On the medial surface of the middle humerus the pulse can be palpated in the brachial artery. In this location the 3 nerves which run distally in the groove between the biceps and triceps muscle and may be anesthetized with on injection are what nerves?

Musculocutansous, median, and ulnar

The caudal surface of the diaphragm is covered by what?

Parietal Peritoneum

What is a false statement about the pleura... a. Is a serous membrane b. Has parietal and visceral parts c. Parietal and visceral parts are separated by the line of pleural reflection d. The cupula is formed by the cranial extent of the pleura where it reflects from costal to mediastinal parietal pleura e. Parietal and visceral pleura are always continuous

Parietal and visceral parts are separated by the line of pleural reflection

Continuous heart murmur is indicative of

Patent ductus arteriousus (PDA)

The expanded part of the ureter within the kidney is called what?

Pelvis

Partial obstruction of the esophagus can be caused by what?

Persistent right aortic arch (PRAA)

What is the uniaxial joint allowing rotation around a longitudinal axis of a bone

Pivot joint

Which of of the following structures are not parietal pleura: a. Pulmonary ligament b. Mediastinal pleura c. Costal pleura d. Diaphragmatic pleura e. Pericardial pleura

Pulmonary ligament

Which part of the heart or great vessels associated with it would be found on a VD radiograph at 1-2 o'clock

Pulmonary trunk

The caudal extension of the peritoneal cavity between the rectum and the reproductive organs is the what?

Rectogenital pouch of excavation

What is the proper sequence of the blood circulation form the vena cava to the aorta in the thoracic cavity?

Right atrium- right ventricle- pulmary artery- pulmonary vein- left atrium- left ventricle-

The symptoms of limb edema, venous enlargement, ascites, hepatomegally and no respiratory signs in a dog are all indicative of what?

Right heart failure

What 2 lung lobes are called the middle lobes by radiologists?

Right medial and caudal lobe of left cranial lobe

Which part of the heart or great vessels associated whith it would be on a VD at 6-9o'clock position

Right ventricle

Osteochondrosis Dessecans in the dog occurs MOST frequently in the articulation of what joint

Scapulohumeral joint

The celiac artery supplies a. Cecum b. Transverse colon c. Spleen d. Ileum e. Adrenal gland

Spleen

The infraspinatus muscle is innervated by what nerve?

Suprascapular n.

What are the 3 types for joints?

Synovial Cartilaginous Fibrous

What structural type of joint is characterized by its mobility

Synovial joint

Which of these is false concerning muscle attachments a. the origin is usually the most proximal attachment of a limb muscle b. the insertion is usually the more distal attachments of a limb muscle c. the origin is usually the more movable of the attachments d. fleshy attachments are really connective tissue attachments e. an aponeurotic attachment is a tendinous attachment

The origin is usually the more movable of the attachments

Which of the following statements are not true? a.The right ventricle is on the cranial side of the heart b. The right ventricle is on the right side of the heart c. The right ventricle is on the left side of the heart d. The right ventricle is on the caudal side of the heart e. The right ventricle is located below the right atrium

The right ventricle is on the caudal side of the heart

The largest muscle that arises from the ligamentum nunchae, C2 to T10 and inserts on the spine of the scapula is what muscle?

Trapezius

What are the extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb?

Trapezius Superfical/deep pectorals Omotransversarius Lattisimus dorsi serratis ventralis rhomboiseus bracheocephalicus

What is the vessel that carries blood from the mother to the fetus?

Umbilical vein

What type of treatment must you give a piece of radiographic film so it will appear clear

Unexposed/ developed

The Salter classifaction of phyeal fractures are... a. useful in determining long term prognosis b. is the same as the atkens classification c. separates them into 3 groups d. is of no value

Useful in determining long term prognosis

Sympathetic nerves leave the thoacolumbar levels of the spinal cord and reach the cervicval ganglion via what?

Vagosympathetic trunk

Which one of the following terms best describes the ANS? a. Enteroreceptor b. Exterorecptor c. Visceral afferent d. Proprioceptor e. Somatic efferent

Visceral efferent

Which muscle doesn't cross the flexor side of the joint a. triceps brachii b. anconeus c. extensor carpi radialis d. supinator e. biceps brachii

anconeus

In a coxofemoral luxation the position of the femoral head in relation to the acentabulum is usually where?

anterior dorsal

Which statement is false? a. The origin of muscles is usually the least movable b. An aponeurosis is a round attachment of round muscles c. Tendons attach muscles to bones d. A ligament attaches 2 bones e. A sphincter encircles an opening

aponeurosis is a round attachment of round muscles

The MOST common point of the urethral obstruction in the dog is

at the proximal end of the os penis

what does ceca mean

blind

What is false about the reflex arc? a. Simplest impulse pathway b. Usually involves 3 neurons c. Can be modified by connections from the brain d. Is abolished caudal to location of a severed spinal cord e. Has connections to the brain

can be modified by connections from the brain

What side of the heart is the left ventricle on?

caudal side

What is the boundry of the internal (deep) inguinal ring?

caudal side of the external abdominal oblique muscle

A typhlectotomy is indicated in what

chronic whipworm infection

What nerve of the pelvic limb innervates the dorsal surface of the rear paw

common fibular nerve

In the dog, sound created at the mitral valve by it closure is best auscultated where?

costochondral junction on the left side in the 5th intercostal space

-ectomy

cut out

Motor fibers do not travel over which structure a. dorsal root b. dorsal branch c. spinal nerve d. ventral branch e. ventral root

dorsal root

What side of the trachea is the recurrent laryngeal nerves on?

dorsolateral

What fetal structure bypasses the liver

ductus venosus

what does oto mean

ear

What is not a boundary of the asculatation triangle a. triceps b. epaxial muscles c. curved line from olecranon to dorsal last intercostals space d. transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae e. diaphragm

epaxial muscles

A dog cannot support its weight on its right foreleg when walking, running or standing. When the animals weight is shifted to the right foreleg, the leg collapses. This condition is due to the non functioning of what muscles?

ex tensors of the elbow

When the biceps femoris, semimembranous and semitendinous muscle contract as a group the primary function of the hip joint is what?

extension

The adult remnant of the umbilical vein is the what?

falciform ligament

The action of the hip joint primarily affected by rupture of the psoas major muscle is

flexion

In the fetal circulation, the blood normally flows from the post cava (caudal vena cava/right atrium) into the left atrium via the what?

foramen ovale

Following birth, a long bone (like the femur) INCREASES in the length by

formation of cartilage in the epiphyseal plate and its subsequent replacement by bone

Which is not a process? a. throchanter b. fossa c. epicondyle d. facet e. two of the above

fossa

What is the most radioluclent in radiogrpahs

gas/air

what does dura mean

hard

Crypto-

hidden

What is the characteristic of the venous system

high volume

what does coxa mean

hip

The foramen ovale is an opening through what

interatrial septum

What connects the heads of the pair of opposite ribs, crossing the dorsal part of the intervetaebral discs

intercapital ligaments

A physeal fracture is... a.is just as serious as a diaphyseal fracture b. is NOT easily diagnosed radiographically c. should not be considered when there is displacement at the end of a long bone d. is never traumatic in origin

is NOT easily diagnosed radiogrpahically

Which is a correct statement about the 1st digit or dewclaw of most breeds of dogs a. is often found lateral to the other digits b. is always present in the hind paw c. is often absent in the hind paw d. is usually absent in the front paw e. contains no bones

is often absent in the hind paws

What is caudal indentation between the ishiatic tuberosities?

ischiatic arch

What nerve of the pelvic limb innervates the caudal thigh muscles

ischiatic n

What are the 4 basic characteristics of the synovial joint that makes them differnt from other types of joints?

joint space hylaine cartilage synovail fluid joint capsule

The ___ meniscus is separated from its corresponding collateral ligament by the ___

later, popliteus tendon

what side of the body is the accessoty carpal on

lateral palmar

What side of the body is the extnesor fossa of the humerus on?

lateral side

What side of the body is the ilocostalis system on?

lateral side

What side of the body is the semitendinous on?

lateral side

what does lamin mean

layer

On which side of the body is the pulmonary trunk

left

What side of the body is the MPA on

left

what side is the fundus of the stomach on

left

The descending colon of the dog can be palpated in what part of the body

left dorsal abdomen

When doing lumbosacral pucture, the needle is advanced until it is felt going through what structures

ligamentum flavum

The only crural muscle on the dog to cross he stifle joint on the cranial surface is the

long digital extensor

What does ansa mean

loop

-ostomy

make opening

What are lymph nodes located near the termination of the aorta

medial iliac lymphnodes

The nerve to the flexor carpi radialis is?

meidan n

The largest group of sesamoid bones of the manus is located at the level of what joint?

metacarpophalangeal joint

What is the least radiolucent on a radiograph

metal

What side of the body is the pylorus in a cat stomach

midline

If the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves to the hind limb are cut and the the peripheral ends are stimulated what happens

nothing

Where is the dorsal longitudinal ligament located?

on the floor of the vertebral canal

What does aditus mean

opening

A dog with atlanoto-axial subluxation would exhibit what?

pain with spastic paralysis of both thoracic and pelvic limb

The parasympathetic nerve supply to the rectum is via the ____ nerve

pelvic c.

What parts of the renal pelvis surround the pseudopalpillae

pelvic recess/divertibulae

What part of the renal pelvis surrounds the pseudopapillae?

pelvic recesses

All venous blood is draining from the intestines normally passes through which vein?

portal vein

Which nerve runs to the extensors of the forearm

radial n.

What is the name for the area of the kidney from which the urine drops into the expanded part of the ureter?

renal pelvis

what side is the descending duodenum on

right

what side is the thoracic duct on

right

what side is the right ventricle on

right side

What is the course of the transverse colon in all domestic species

right to left cranial to the root of mesentary

what does teres mean

round

What do lead gloves and aprons protect against

scatter

A colopexy is performed to do what

secure the large intestine to the abdominal wall

Which muscle suspends the trunk of the animal between the shoulder blades

serratus ventralis

What does omo mean

shoulder

What structures are not innervated by the ANS? a. Skeletal muscle b. Smooth muscle c. Cardiac muscle d. Glands

skeletal muscles

Bile is drained by the liver cells by what?

small canaliculi

The celiac artery of the dog supplies which organs?

stomach spleen liver pancreas first part of the duodenum

what does rect- meant

straight

Since articular cartilage is avascular, the chondrocytes must receive their nutrients from what?

synovial fluid

Which of these statements about the greater omentum is true? a. The deep leaf of the greater omentum attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach b. The superficial leaf is dorsal to the deep leaf of the greater omentum c. The gastrosplenic ligament is part of the greater omentum d. The omental bursa is between the lesser and greater omentum e. The pancrease is between the 2 layers of the superficial leaf of the greater omentum

the gastrosplenic ligament is part of the greater omentum

The preganglionic fivers associated with the sympathetic division of the ANS are components of

thoracolumbar spinal nerves

What organ causes the "sail sign" in a VD radiograph

thymus

what does -otomy

to cut

In the middle of 1/3 of the neck, the relationship of the esophagus to the trachea is

to the left

Which forearm muscle is located on the caudal aspect of the forarm

ulnaris lateralis

What is the shelf of the distal phalanx covering the root of the claw

ungual crest

The sympathetic nerves leave the the thorax and reach the cranial cervical ganglion via the what?

vagosympathetic trunk

A 6 year old cocker spaniel has had severe neck pain for 6 weeks. He holds his head and neck in a lowered, rigid position and resists manipulation. Radiographic examination, revealing a disc protrusion at C 3-4 interspace, indicates surgery. The incision site usually chosen is

ventral midline

The opening of the nasolacrimal duct is located in the ...

ventral nasal cavity at mucocutaneous juction

What structures are not made of corpus spongiousum a. bulb of the penis b. glans of the penis c. bulb of the glans d. ventral part of the body of the penis e. none of the above

ventral part of the body of the penis

What is true about a dogs vertebral disc

ventral portion of the annulous fibrosus is about 3x thicker and stronger than the dorsal portion

Which of the following does not carry sensory fibers a. dorsal rootlets b. ventral root c. spinal nerve d. dorsal root e. ventral branch of spinal nerve

ventral root