NERVOUS SYSTEM - MULTIPLE CHOICE

The superior cerebellar peduncles connect the pons to the cerebellum. T/F

F

This nucleus participates in the expression of emotions, control of behavior, and development of moods. A. Amygdaloid body B. Caudate nucleus C. Putamen D. Globus pallidus E. Claustrum

A. Amygdaloid body

The brain ventricle located in the diencephalon is the _____ ventricle. A. third B. lateral C. fourth D. median E. falx

A. third

The white matter of the brain derives its color from myelin. T/F

T

As the distance between a damaged axon and its receptor organ increases, the possibility of repair increases. T/F

F

Most of the gyri and sulci of the human brain develop very early in the fetal period. T/F

F

The mesencephalic (cerebral) aqueduct carries CSF from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle. T/F

F

The nervous system serves a major role in body movement by controlling receptors that cause skeletal muscle to contract. T/F

F

A brain ventricle located in the cerebrum is the _____ ventricle. A. third B. lateral C. fourth D. median E. falx

B. lateral

81. What type of synapse does number 3 indicate? A. Axodendritic B. Axoaxonic C. Axosomatic D. Dendrodendritic E. Dendrosomatic

C. Axosomatic

What cell type does number 3 indicate? A. Satellite cell B. Neurolemmocyte C. Microglial cell D. Astrocyte E. Ependymal cell

C. Microglial cell

30. What do all glial cells have in common? A. They help to transmit the nerve signals. B. They transfer blood to the various neurons. C. They assist neurons in their respective functions. D. They all attack pathogens. E. They absorb extra blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

C. They assist neurons in their respective functions.

44. The endoneurium is composed of A. dense regular connective tissue. B. simple squamous epithelium. C. dense irregular connective tissue. D. areolar connective tissue. E. pseudostratified nonkeratinized epithelium.

C. dense irregular connective tissue.

The primary gustatory cortex is part of the A. occipital lobe. B. temporal lobe. C. insula. D. parietal lobe. E. frontal lobe.

C. insula.

56. Billions of CNS interneurons are grouped in complex patterns called neuronal A. networks. B. complexes. C. pools. D. meshes. E. webs.

C. pools.

The __________ is/are composed of multiple structures that collaboratively process and experience emotions. A. medulla oblongata B. cerebellum C. hypothalamus D. limbic system E. cerebellar peduncles

D. limbic system

6. The portion of the nervous system that has voluntary control over skeletal muscles is the _________ _________ division. A. autonomic motor B. somatic sensory C. somatic motor D. visceral sensory

D. visceral sensory

This figure depicts a typical nerve. What is indicated by number 2? A. Myelin sheath B. Dendrites C. Fascicle D. Epineurium E. Perineurium

E. Perineurium

The primary motor cortex is part of the A. occipital lobe. B. temporal lobe. C. insula. D. parietal lobe. E. frontal lobe.

E. frontal lobe.

17. Functionally, 99 percent of neurons are A. sensory neurons. B. motor neurons. C. multipolar neurons. D. bipolar neurons. E. interneurons.

E. interneurons.

Cerebrospinal fluid is identical to blood plasma. T/F

F

Cranial nerves are part of the CNS. T/F

F

Regeneration of axons occurs more readily in the CNS than in the PNS. T/F

F

Following a head injury, a young woman frequently loses her temper and is often depressed and otherwise "moody". What part of the brain do you think has been damaged? A. Amygdaloid body B. Caudate nucleus C. Putamen D. Globus pallidus E. Claustrum

A. Amygdaloid body

23. Which glial cell helps to form the blood-brain barrier? A. Astrocyte B. Ependymal cell C. Neurolemmocyte D. Microglial cell E. Oligodendrocyte

A. Astrocyte

28. Which glial cell provides structural support and organization to the CNS? A. Astrocyte B. Ependymal cell C. Neurolemmocyte D. Microglial cell E. Oligodendrocyte

A. Astrocyte

29. Which glial cell has perivascular feet that wrap around capillaries in the CNS? A. Astrocyte B. Ependymal cell C. Neurolemmocyte D. Microglial cell E. Oligodendrocyte

A. Astrocyte

Which glial cell occupies the space left by dying neurons A. Astrocyte B. Ependymal cell C. Neurolemmocyte D. Microglial cell E. Oligodendrocyte

A. Astrocyte

13. Where are synaptic knobs located? A. At the tips of telodendria B. At the ends of dendrites C. Within the cell body D. Along axon collaterals E. At the axon hillock

A. At the tips of telodendria

80. What type of synapse does number 2 indicate? A. Axodendritic B. Axoaxonic C. Axosomatic D. Dendrodendritic E. Dendrosomatic

A. Axodendritic

51. Which is not one of the three common structural types of synapses? A. Axonucleic B. Axoaxonic C. Axosomatic D. Axodendritic

A. Axonucleic

54. Of the two types of synapses, based on mode of communication, which is slower and more common? A. Chemical synapse B. Mechanical synapse C. Physical synapse D. Magnetic synapse E. Electrical synapse

A. Chemical synapse

64. You walk into a restaurant and amidst the sights, sounds, and smells of food preparation, you notice that you have begun to salivate. This is evidence that a particular neuronal circuit has been activated. Which one? A. Converging B. Diverging C. Reverberating D. Parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct.

A. Converging

33. Which statement is true regarding the action of an oligodendrocyte? A. Each oligodendrocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously. B. An oligodendrocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier. C. Oligodendrocytes function only within the PNS. D. Each oligodendrocyte can wrap only a 1mm portion of a single axon. E. A neurolemmocyte attacks pathogens.

A. Each oligodendrocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously.

This portion of the brain forms part of the roof of the diencephalon and covers the third ventricle. Its posterior portion houses the pineal gland and the habenular nuclei. A. Epithalamus B. Thalamus C. Hypothalamus D. Cerebellum E. Infundibulum

A. Epithalamus

69. This condition is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by muscle weakness that begins in the distal limbs, but rapidly advances to involve proximal muscles as well. A. Guillain-Barré syndrome B. Parkinson disease C. Multiple sclerosis D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis E. None of the choices is correct.

A. Guillain-Barré syndrome

Which is not characteristic of neurons? A. High mitotic rate B. High metabolic rate C. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen D. Extreme longevity E. No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons

A. High mitotic rate

Which is not a function of the blood-brain barrier? A. It prevents nicotine and alcohol from entering brain interstitial fluid. B. It prevents brain neurons from being exposed to drugs. C. It prevents brain neurons from being exposed to waste products in the blood. D. It protects brain neurons from exposure to abnormal hormone levels. E. It protects brain neurons from exposure to abnormal ion levels.

A. It prevents nicotine and alcohol from entering brain interstitial fluid.

Which is not a general function of the hypothalamus? A. Master control of motor responses B. Regulation of body temperature C. Control of food intake D. Control of water intake E. Master control of the autonomic nervous system

A. Master control of motor responses

A spinal nerve carries information from the CNS to effectors as well as information from receptors to the CNS. How could these nerves be classified functionally? A. Mixed B. Sensory C. Motor

A. Mixed

Which structures form the lentiform nucleus? A. Putamen and globus pallidus B. Globus pallidus and caudate nucleus C. Caudate nucleus and claustrum D. Putamen and claustrum E. Amygdaloid body and globus pallidus

A. Putamen and globus pallidus

26. Which glial cell protects neuron cell bodies located within ganglia? A. Satellite cell B. Ependymal cell C. Neurolemmocyte D. Astrocyte E. Oligodendrocyte

A. Satellite cell

What cell type does number 4 indicate? A. Satellite cell B. Neurolemmocyte C. Microglial cell D. Oligodendrocyte E. Ependymal cell

A. Satellite cell

2. Which is not a general function of the nervous system? A. Transporting materials throughout the body B. Collecting information C. Processing and evaluating information D. Responding to information E. No exceptions; all are general functions of the nervous system

A. Transporting materials throughout the body

Which cranial nerve is composed of only motor fibers? A. VI B. VIII C. IX D. V E. I

A. VI

20. The most abundant glial cell in the CNS is the A. astrocyte. B. ependymal cell. C. neurolemmocyte. D. microglial cell. E. oligodendrocyte.

A. astrocyte.

7. A neuron conducting an impulse from the CNS to the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder would be classified as a(n) _________ _________ neuron. A. autonomic motor B. somatic sensory C. somatic motor D. visceral sensory

A. autonomic motor

Paired, irregular masses of gray matter buried deep within the central white matter in the basal region of the cerebral hemispheres, inferior to the floor of the lateral ventricle, are the A. cerebral nuclei. B. corpus callosi. C. inferior colliculi. D. interthalamic adhesions. E. ventricular connections.

A. cerebral nuclei.

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by the A. choroid plexus. B. arachnoid villi. C. arachnoid granulation. D. septum pellucidum. E. mesencephalic aqueduct.

A. choroid plexus.

58. The type of neuronal circuit in which several nerve impulses come together at a single postsynaptic neuron is a _____________ circuit. A. converging B. diverging C. reverberating D. parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct.

A. converging

Commissural tracts A. extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. B. connect a region of one lobe with another lobe in the same hemisphere. C. connect different regions within a lobe. D. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere. E. link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord.

A. extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Of the five cerebral lobes, the one not visible on the surface of the brain is the A. insula. B. temporal. C. frontal. D. occipital. E. parietal.

A. insula.

16. Structurally, the most common type of neuron is the _____ neuron. A. multipolar B. bipolar C. unipolar D. pseudounipolar

A. multipolar

The portion of the brain involved primarily with vision is the A. occipital lobe. B. temporal lobe. C. insula. D. parietal lobe. E. frontal lobe.

A. occipital lobe.

The cranial nerve responsible for movement of the medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique eye muscles is the __________ nerve. A. oculomotor B. trochlear C. abducens D. trigeminal E. hypoglossal

A. oculomotor

Centers that regulate the rate and depth of breathing, known as the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers, are located in the __________. A. pons B. thalamus C. medulla oblongata D. hypothalamus E. cerebral peduncles

A. pons

31. The glossy-white appearance of most axons is due to A. the high lipid content of the myelin sheath. B. their proximity to light-reflecting cartilage. C. their proximity to white bone. D. the white color of the perivascular feet. E. the covering of ependymal cells.

A. the high lipid content of the myelin sheath.

Dural venous sinuses are areas where A. the meningeal and periosteal layers separate to form large blood-filled spaces. B. cerebrospinal fluid is produced. C. cerebrospinal fluid is stored. D. large numbers of nuclei congregate. E. glial cells are formed.

A. the meningeal and periosteal layers separate to form large blood-filled spaces.

During a mugging, a person experiences an extreme level of fear. What portion of the limbic system is responsible for this and other emotional states? A. Cingulate gyrus B. Amygdaloid body C. The fornix D. Mammillary bodies E. Hippocampus

B. Amygdaloid body

79. What type of synapse does number 1 indicate? A. Axodendritic B. Axoaxonic C. Axosomatic D. Dendrodendritic E. Dendrosomatic

B. Axoaxonic

The corpora quadrigemina is part of what portion of the brain? A. Diencephalon B. Brainstem C. Thalamus D. Telencephalon E. Epithalamus

B. Brainstem

41. Which of the following does impede the regeneration of CNS axons? A. Oligodendrocytes do not release a nerve growth factor. B. CNS axons lack the myelin sheath needed for regeneration. C. Scar tissue may form, obstructing regrowth. D. No exceptions; all of the choices impede axon regeneration.

B. CNS axons lack the myelin sheath needed for regeneration.

This nucleus stimulates the muscles to produce the pattern of arm and leg movements associated with walking. A. Amygdaloid body B. Caudate nucleus C. Putamen D. Globus pallidus E. Claustrum

B. Caudate nucleus

Which autonomic function is not controlled by a center in the medulla oblongata? A. Regulation of heart rate B. Control of kidney function C. Regulation of respiratory rate D. Control of vomiting E. Control of swallowing

B. Control of kidney function

Which secondary brain vesicle forms the portion of the adult brain that includes the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus? A. Telencephalon B. Diencephalon C. Myelencephalon D. Metencephalon E. Mesencephalon

B. Diencephalon

63. What type of circuit is used to maintain body posture while walking? A. Converging B. Diverging C. Reverberating D. Parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct.

B. Diverging

What structure does number 5 indicate? A. Neurofibril node B. Myelin sheath C. Nucleus D. Perivascular foot E. Ependymal cell

B. Myelin sheath

What cell type is indicated by number 1? A. Satellite cell B. Oligodendrocyte C. Microglial cell D. Astrocyte E. Ependymal cell 

B. Oligodendrocyte

67. A slowly progressive disorder affecting muscle movement and balance, this condition is characterized by stiff posture, tremors, and reduced spontaneity of facial expressions. A. Guillain-Barré syndrome B. Parkinson disease C. Multiple sclerosis D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis E. None of the choices is correct.

B. Parkinson disease

57. Which is not a type of neuronal pool? A. Converging B. Triangular C. Diverging D. Parallel-after-discharge E. Reverberating

B. Triangular

Which is a function of the brain's frontal lobe? A. Smell B. Verbal communication C. Hearing D. Speech interpretation E. Vision

B. Verbal communication

9. What is the correct order for the cranial meninges, from superficial to deep? a: Dura mater b: Pia mater c: Arachnoid A. a, b, c B. a, c, b C. b, a, c D. b, c, a E. c, b, a

B. a, c, b

The meninx composed of a delicate web of collagen and elastic fibers is the A. pia mater. B. arachnoid. C. dura mater. D. periosteal layer. E. subarachnoid layer.

B. arachnoid.

19. Glial cells differ from neurons in that they A. are larger and capable of meiosis. B. are smaller and capable of mitosis. C. are found only in the CNS. D. are found only in the PNS. E. transmit nerve impulses much more slowly.

B. are smaller and capable of mitosis.

Arrange the cerebral lobes visible on the superior surface of the brain in the correct anterior-posterior order. a: Parietal b: Frontal c: Occipital A. c, a, b B. b, a, c C. a, b, c D. c, b, a E. b, c, a

B. b, a, c

47. Axons terminate at each of these locations except A. other neurons. B. bone. C. smooth muscle cells. D. glands. E. skeletal muscles cells.

B. bone.

61. The type of neuronal circuit that spreads information from one presynaptic neuron to several postsynaptic neurons is a _____________ circuit. A. converging B. diverging C. reverberating D. parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct.

B. diverging

21. The glial cell that helps to circulate cerebrospinal fluid is the A. astrocyte. B. ependymal cell. C. neurolemmocyte. D. microglial cell. E. oligodendrocyte.

B. ependymal cell.

A sickle-shaped vertical partition that divides the left and right cerebellar hemispheres is the A. diaphragma sellae. B. falx cerebelli. C. tentorium cerebelli. D. superior sagittal sinus. E. falx cerebri.

B. falx cerebelli.

Projection tracts A. extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. B. link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord. C. connect different regions within a lobe. D. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere. E. connect a region of one lobe with another lobe in the same hemisphere.

B. link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord.

The cranial nerve that passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is the __________ nerve. A. optic B. olfactory C. trigeminal D. oculomotor E. abducens

B. olfactory

14. The cytoplasm within a cell body of a neuron is called the A. soma. B. perikaryon. C. neurokaryon. D. chromatophilic substance. E. chromatophobic substance.

B. perikaryon.

5. The portion of the nervous system that conducts impulses from the skin, joints, skeletal muscles, and special senses is the _________ _______ division. A. autonomic motor B. somatic sensory C. somatic motor D. visceral sensory

B. somatic sensory

37. Nerve impulses involving pain stimuli travel along A. myelinated axons. B. unmyelinated axons.

B. unmyelinated axons.

The blood-brain barrier is reduced or missing from three locations in the brain. Which is not one of these locations? A. Hypothalamus B. Pineal gland C. Cerebrum D. Choroid plexus

C. Cerebrum

Which part of the brain contains the epithalamus, hypothalamus, and the thalamus? A. Pons B. Medulla oblongata C. Diencephalon D. Cerebrum E. Cerebellum

C. Diencephalon

Which of the cranial meninges consists of dense irregular connective tissue in two layers (the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer)? A. Pia mater B. Arachnoid C. Dura mater D. Subdural layer E. Subarachnoid layer

C. Dura mater

Bell palsy is a condition characterized by the paralysis of facial muscles, eyelid droop, and sagging at the corners of the mouth. What nerve is affected in this condition? A. Olfactory B. Trigeminal C. Facial D. Accessory E. Hypoglossal

C. Facial

10. Which two distinct cell types form nervous tissue? A. Afferent cells and glial cells B. Peripheral cells and neurons C. Glial cells and neurons D. Peripheral cells and glial cells E. Glial cells and efferent cells

C. Glial cells and neurons

68. This condition involves progressive demyelination of neurons in the CNS accompanied by the destruction of oligodendrocytes. As a result, the conduction of nerve impulses is disrupted, leading to impaired sensory perception and motor coordination. A. Guillain-Barré syndrome B. Parkinson disease C. Multiple sclerosis D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis E. None of the choices is correct.

C. Multiple sclerosis

The portion of the adult brain that includes the medulla oblongata is derived from which secondary brain vesicle? A. Telencephalon B. Diencephalon C. Myelencephalon D. Metencephalon E. Mesencephalon

C. Myelencephalon

24. Which glial cell myelinates and insulates axons in the peripheral nervous system? A. Astrocyte B. Ependymal cell C. Neurolemmocyte D. Microglial cell E. Oligodendrocyte

C. Neurolemmocyte

39. Which cells help repair axons through the process called Wallerian degeneration? A. Oligodendrocytes B. Microglia C. Neurolemmocytes D. Astrocytes E. Special satellite cell

C. Neurolemmocytes

What is the most anterior cranial nerve? A. Trochlear B. Optic C. Olfactory D. Oculomotor E. Accessory

C. Olfactory

46. What is the connective tissue wrapping that surrounds bundles (fascicles) of axons? A. Epineurium B. Endoneurium C. Perineurium D. Endosteum E. Periosteum

C. Perineurium

This portion of the brain secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps to regulate the body's circadian rhythm. A. Habenular nucleus B. Anterior nucleus C. Pineal gland D. Mammillary body E. Paraventricular nucleus

C. Pineal gland

This nucleus controls muscular movement at the subconscious level. A. Amygdaloid body B. Caudate nucleus C. Putamen D. Globus pallidus E. Claustrum

C. Putamen

1. Which does not belong to the peripheral nervous system? A. Ganglion B. Cranial nerve C. Spinal cord D. Peripheral nerve E. Spinal nerve

C. Spinal cord

A football player can hear his coach's voice above the noise of the crowd and can sense an opponent about to run him down. These abilities are due to the action of what part of the brain? A. Hypothalamus B. Epithalamus C. Thalamus D. Pineal body E. Pons

C. Thalamus

Which part of the brain filters sensory information and forwards only a fraction of it to the cerebral cortex? A. Hypothalamus B. Epithalamus C. Thalamus D. Pineal body E. Pons

C. Thalamus

4. Which is not a function of the motor division of the nervous system? A. Conducts output (nerve impulses) from the CNS B. Transmits impulses to muscles and glands C. Transmits impulses from the viscera D. Voluntary control of skeletal muscle E. Involuntary control of the heart

C. Transmits impulses from the viscera

66. These events occur during the development of the nervous system: a: Neural groove forms b: Neural folds approach one another c: Neural crest cells pinch off from the neural folds d: Neural folds fuse to form neural tube Which is the correct chronological order for the events? A. a, c, b, d B. c, b, d, a C. a, b, c, d D. b a, d, c E. c a, b, d

C. a, b, c, d

The blood-brain barrier is made up of A. microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells. B. ependymal cells and venous blood vessels. C. astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells. D. astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses. E. astrocyte perivascular feet and the falx cerebri.

C. astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

A person with damage to the premotor cortex area concerned with coordinating eye movements A. can read but cannot understand the words. B. cannot read or understand the words. C. can understand the words but cannot follow the lines on the page. D. cannot form proper images of words. E. cannot discriminate between letters and words.

C. can understand the words but cannot follow the lines on the page.

12. The part of the neuron responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses is the A. dendrite. B. axon. C. cell body. D. axon hillock. E. telodendrion.

C. cell body.

Clusters of gray matter that contain neuron cell bodies and lie within masses of white matter are the A. cortices. B. cerebral ganglia. C. cerebral nuclei. D. cerebral peduncles. E. ventricles.

C. cerebral nuclei.

45. The epineurium is composed of A. dense regular connective tissue. B. simple squamous epithelium. C. dense irregular connective tissue. D. areolar connective tissue. E. pseudostratified nonkeratinized epithelium.

C. dense irregular connective tissue.

43. The connective tissue wrappings of a nerve, beginning at the outermost layer, are A. perineurium epineurium endoneurium. B. perineurium endoneurium epineurium. C. epineurium perineurium endoneurium. D. epineurium endoneurium perineurium. E. endoneurium perineurium epineurium.

C. epineurium perineurium endoneurium.

The brain ventricle located between the pons and the cerebellum is the _____ ventricle. A. third B. lateral C. fourth D. median E. falx

C. fourth

The most caudal part of the brain, the _________, is continuous with the spinal cord. A. pons B. thalamus C. medulla oblongata D. hypothalamus E. cerebellum

C. medulla oblongata

36. A nerve impulse travels fastest along ________ axons of ______ diameter. A. myelinated; small B. unmyelinated; small C. myelinated; large D. unmyelinated; large E. None of the choices; axon diameter does not affect impulse conduction.

C. myelinated; large

34. The function of neurofibril nodes is to A. inhibit the transmission of a nerve impulse. B. provide points of attachment for nerve threads. C. produce a faster nerve impulse through salutatory conduction. D. produce a slower impulse through continuous conduction. E. protect the delicate axon sheath.

C. produce a faster nerve impulse through salutatory conduction.

The amount of CSF within the brain at any given moment A. is about 500 ml. B. is somewhere around 1,000 ml. C. ranges between 100 ml and 160 ml. D. is about 50-60 ml. E. ranges between 300 ml and 420 ml.

C. ranges between 100 ml and 160 ml.

59. The type of neuronal circuit that uses feedback to produce a repeated, cyclical stimulation of the circuit is a _____________ circuit. A. converging B. diverging C. reverberating D. parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct.

C. reverberating

65. The type of neuronal circuit that ensures that we continue to breathe while asleep is a _____________ circuit. A. converging B. diverging C. reverberating D. parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct.

C. reverberating

The horizontally oriented fold of dura mater that separates the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the A. diaphragma sellae. B. falx cerebelli. C. tentorium cerebelli. D. superior sagittal sinus. E. falx cerebri.

C. tentorium cerebelli.

35. Continuous conduction of a nerve impulse occurs only along A. myelinated axons. B. dendrites. C. unmyelinated axons. D. axons in the PNS. E. axons in the CNS.

C. unmyelinated axons.

The cranial nerve that innervates smooth muscle and glands of the heart, lungs, larynx, trachea, and most abdominal organs is the ___________ nerve. A. facial B. trigeminal C. vagus D. accessory E. hypoglossal

C. vagus

FUNCTION - Sensory nerve

Carries information from receptors to the central nervous system

FUNCTION -Motor nerve

Carries information from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles or glands

9. Which statement is correct concerning the terms afferent and efferent with respect to the nervous system? A. Afferent refers to the conduction of an impulse outward from the CNS. B. Both terms refer to conducting impulses outward from the CNS although efferent pathways carry only sensory impulses. C. Efferent refers to the conduction of motor impulses toward the CNS. D. Afferent refers to the conduction of sensory impulses toward the CNS. E. Both terms refer to conducting impulses toward the CNS although afferent pathways carry only motor impulses.

D. Afferent refers to the conduction of sensory impulses toward the CNS.

52. Which is the most common structural type of synapse? A. Dendrodendritic B. Axoaxonic C. Axosomatic D. Axodendritic E. Axonucleic

D. Axodendritic

Which is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid? A. CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain. B. CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. C. CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain. D. CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue. E. CSF provides a liquid cushion to protect the brain from sudden movements.

D. CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

This part of the brain contains the arbor vitae. A. Pons B. Medulla oblongata C. Cerebrum D. Cerebellum E. Epithalamus

D. Cerebellum

This part of the brain contains the flocculonodular lobes. A. Pons B. Medulla oblongata C. Cerebrum D. Cerebellum E. Epithalamus

D. Cerebellum

This portion of the brain adjusts skeletal muscle activity to maintain equilibrium and posture. A. Pons B. Medulla oblongata C. Cerebrum D. Cerebellum E. Epithalamus

D. Cerebellum

This portion of the brain ensures that skeletal muscle contraction follows the correct pattern leading to smooth, coordinated movements. A. Pons B. Medulla oblongata C. Cerebrum D. Cerebellum E. Epithalamus

D. Cerebellum

50. There are two types of synapses, based on mode of communication. What are they? A. Mechanical and chemical B. Magnetic and physical C. Physical and chemical D. Chemical and electrical E. Mechanical and electrical

D. Chemical and electrical

38. Which of these is not a factor that influences regeneration of PNS axons? A. Amount of damage B. Secretion of nerve growth factors by neurolemmocytes C. Distance of the damaged axon from the receptor organ D. Distance of the damaged axon from the brain E. No exceptions; all of these affect regeneration

D. Distance of the damaged axon from the brain

32. Which is true regarding the action of a neurolemmocyte? A. Each neurolemmocyte can form a myelin sheath around many axons simultaneously. B. A neurolemmocyte is responsible for forming part of the blood-brain barrier. C. Neurolemmocytes function only within the CNS. D. Each neurolemmocyte can wrap only a 1mm portion of a single axon. E. A neurolemmocyte attacks pathogens.

D. Each neurolemmocyte can wrap only a 1mm portion of a single axon.

This nucleus both excites and inhibits the activities of the thalamus to control and adjust muscle tone. A. Amygdaloid body B. Caudate nucleus C. Putamen D. Globus pallidus E. Claustrum

D. Globus pallidus

A tumor is located in a young boy's brain. Symptoms include the inability to swallow and inability to detect odors. What is the most likely location of the tumor? A. In the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus B. In the pineal body C. In the pituitary gland D. In the mammillary body E. In the optic chiasm

D. In the mammillary body

25. Which glial cell defends the body against pathogens? A. Astrocyte B. Ependymal cell C. Neurolemmocyte D. Microglial cell E. Oligodendrocyte

D. Microglial cell

15. What structures extend into the axon and dendrite of a neuron to provide tensile strength? A. Motor filaments B. Nissl bodies C. Telodendria D. Neurofibrils E. Collateral fibers

D. Neurofibrils

62. What type of circuit would you use to solve a higher-order mathematical problem? A. Converging B. Diverging C. Reverberating D. Parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct.

D. Parallel-after-discharge

49. Choose the answer that correctly lists, in chronological order, the events involved in synaptic transmission. a: A nerve impulse reaches the synaptic knob b: Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft c: A nerve impulse begins in the postsynaptic cell d: Neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the postsynaptic cell e: A voltage change occurs in the postsynaptic cell A. a, c, b, d, e B. a, b, e, d, c C. c, b, d, e, a D. a, b, d, e, c E. c, a, b, d, e

D. a, b, d, e, c

70. A condition in which the brain is substantially missing is A. spina bifida. B. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. C. muscular dystrophy. D. anencephaly. E. cerebral palsy.

D. anencephaly.

Excess CSF is removed from the subarachnoid space by A. the median aperture. B. microglia. C. astrocytes. D. arachnoid villi. E. the choroid plexus.

D. arachnoid villi.

Arrange the primary brain vesicles in the correct anterior to posterior order. a: Rhombencephalon b: Mesencephalon c: Prosencephalon A. a, c, b B. b, a, c C. a, b, c D. c, b, a E. c, a, b

D. c, b, a

71. Neural stem cells in the CNS A. have no known function. B. can only form glial cells. C. can form new neurons throughout the CNS. D. can form new neurons in only certain portions of the CNS such as the hippocampus. E. can migrate to the PNS as needed.

D. can form new neurons in only certain portions of the CNS such as the hippocampus.

Association tracts A. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex with the opposite hemisphere. B. extend between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. C. link the cerebral cortex to the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord. D. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere. E. None of the choices is correct.

D. connect different regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere.

List these events in the correct order for CSF flow in the CNS. a: CSF flows into the arachnoid villi b: CSF enters the blood c: CSF flows through the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle d: CSF flows into the subarachnoid space e: CSF is produced by the choroid plexus A. a, b, c, e, d B. e, a, b, c, d C. c, d, a, e, b D. e, c, d, a, b E. e, d, a, b, c

D. e, c, d, a, b

Association areas A. correlate information from opposite sides of the brain. B. correlate similar functions from different lobes on the same side of the brain. C. correlate similar functions from the same lobes on the opposite side of the brain. D. integrate new sensory inputs with memories of past experiences. E. integrate outgoing motor information.

D. integrate new sensory inputs with memories of past experiences.

Human intelligence is most closely related to the A. size of the brain. B. weight of the brain. C. number of neurons. D. number of active synapses. E. amount of cerebrospinal fluid.

D. number of active synapses.

60. The type of neuronal circuit in which several neurons process the same information at one time is a _____________ circuit. A. converging B. diverging C. reverberating D. parallel-after-discharge E. None of the choices is correct.

D. parallel-after-discharge

The primary somatosensory cortex is part of the A. occipital lobe. B. temporal lobe. C. insula. D. parietal lobe. E. frontal lobe.

D. parietal lobe.

The infundibulum is attached to the A. pons. B. thalamus. C. pineal gland. D. pituitary gland. E. epithalamus.

D. pituitary gland.

48. As an axon approaches the cell onto which it will terminate, it generally branches repeatedly into several A. teloaxons. B. dendrites. C. collateral axons. D. telodendria. E. neurolemmocytes.

D. telodendria.

8. A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the CNS would be classified as a(n) _________ _________ neuron. A. autonomic motor B. somatic sensory C. somatic motor D. visceral sensory

D. visceral sensory

This portion of the brain contains the posterior part of the fourth ventricle. A. Pons B. Thalamus C. Medulla oblongata D. Hypothalamus E. Cerebellum

E. Cerebellum

This nucleus processes visual information at a subconscious level. A. Amygdaloid body B. Caudate nucleus C. Putamen D. Globus pallidus E. Claustrum

E. Claustrum

53. Of the two types of synapses, based on mode of communication, which is less common but allows faster signal transmission? A. Chemical synapse B. Mechanical synapse C. Physical synapse D. Magnetic synapse E. Electrical synapse

E. Electrical synapse

55. What type of neuronal synapse occurs between cardiac muscle cells? A. Chemical synapse B. Mechanical synapse C. Physical synapse D. Magnetic synapse E. Electrical synapse

E. Electrical synapse

What cell type does number 2 indicate? A. Satellite cell B. Neuron C. Microglial cell D. Astrocyte E. Ependymal cell

E. Ependymal cell

The largest of the four dural septa, this large, sickle-shaped vertical fold of dura mater separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres. A. Diaphragma sellae B. Falx cerebelli C. Tentorium cerebelli D. Superior sagittal sinus E. Falx cerebri

E. Falx cerebri

Which part of the limbic system is involved in storing memories and forming long-term memories? A. Cingulate gyrus B. Amygdaloid body C. Fornix D. Mammillary body E. Hippocampus

E. Hippocampus

The portion of the adult brain that includes the cerebral peduncles, superior colliculi, and inferior colliculi is derived from which secondary brain vesicle? A. Telencephalon B. Diencephalon C. Myelencephalon D. Metencephalon E. Mesencephalon

E. Mesencephalon

Which is not a step in the process of Wallerian degeneration? A. Neurolemmocytes form regeneration tube. B. Proximal portion of severed axon seals off. C. Effector is reinnervated. D. Macrophages remove debris. E. No exceptions; all of these are steps in the process.

E. No exceptions; all of these are steps in the process.

This figure depicts a typical neuron. What structures are indicated by number 1? A. Axon hillocks B. Dendrites C. Axon collaterals D. Telodendria E. Synaptic knobs 

E. Synaptic knobs

Arrange the five secondary vesicles in the correct anterior to posterior order. a: Diencephalon b: Myelencephalon c: Telencephalon d: Metencephalon e: Mesencephalon A. b, a, c, d, e B. a, b, c, d, e C. b, c, a, e, d D. c, d, e, a, b E. c, a, e, d, b

E. c, a, e, d, b

The location of conscious thought processes and the origin of all complex intellectual functions is the A. cerebellum. B. pons. C. hypothalamus. D. corpus callosum. E. cerebrum.

E. cerebrum.

The major pathway of communication between the right and left hemisphere is/are the A. cerebral gyri. B. cerebral sulci. C. longitudinal fissure. D. hypothalamus. E. corpus callosum.

E. corpus callosum.

A patient visits her doctor and explains that since being hit on the cheek with a hockey puck she has been suffering from dry eyes and a dry mouth. It's apparent to the doctor that, since both lacrimal secretion and salivary secretion are affected, there may be damage to the ____________ nerve. A. trigeminal B. hypoglossal C. glossopharyngeal D. abducens E. facial

E. facial

Hemisphere lateralization refers to the A. difficulty in assigning a precise function to a specific region of the cortex. B. generalization that both cerebral hemispheres receive their sensory information from and project motor commands to the opposite side of the body. C. separation of the various lobes of the brain from each other. D. crisscrossing of information between the two hemispheres. E. functional differences between the right and left hemispheres.

E. functional differences between the right and left hemispheres.

18. The neurons that are responsible for integrating information by retrieving, processing, storing, and "deciding" how the body responds to stimuli are A. sensory neurons. B. motor neurons. C. accessory neurons. D. correlation neurons. E. interneurons.

E. interneurons.

42. A nerve A. contains a single axon. B. is found only in the CNS. C. carries only sensory information. D. carries information only toward the PNS. E. is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

E. is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

Sensory impulses from all of the senses except _____________ converge on the thalamus and synapse in at least one of its nuclei. A. vision B. taste C. touch D. hearing E. olfaction

E. olfaction

22. The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the CNS is the A. astrocyte. B. ependymal cell. C. neurolemmocyte. D. microglial cell. E. oligodendrocyte.

E. oligodendrocyte.

The gnostic area of the brain provides comprehensive understanding of a current activity. It is composed of portions of the A. parietal and frontal lobes. B. occipital and parietal lobes. C. temporal and occipital lobes. D. parietal, occipital, and frontal lobes. E. parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes.

E. parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes.

3. The afferent division of the nervous system is also known as the _____ division. A. motor B. cranial C. ganglial D. efferent E. sensory

E. sensory

The partition between the lateral ventricles is the A. central canal. B. interventricular foramen. C. mesencephalic aqueduct. D. ventricular canal. E. septum pellucidum.

E. septum pellucidum.

The meninx composed of a thin layer of delicate areolar connective tissue that follows every contour of the brain surface is the A. pia mater. B. arachnoid. C. dura mater. D. periosteal layer. E. subdural layer.

E. subdural layer.

82. All axons in the CNS and PNS are myelinated. T/F

F

83. Transmission of nerve impulses along myelinated axons requires more energy than transmission along unmyelinated axons. T/F

F

A primary tumor is one that originates in a primary embryonic germ layer such as mesoderm, endoderm, or ectoderm. T/F

F

A tumor can occur in any tissue within the CNS. T/F

F

The cerebellar peduncles are caudal to the medulla oblongata. T/F

F

A secondary tumor is one that originates in one site but subsequently spreads to another site. T/F

T

Axons may form synaptic contacts with any unmyelinated portion of another neuron. T/F

T

In both the cerebrum and the cerebellum, white matter lies deep to superficial gray matter. T/F

T

Saltatory conduction of a nerve impulse occurs only along myelinated axons. T/F

T

The brain ventricles are continuous with one another and with the central canal of the spinal cord. T/F

T

The gray matter of the brain houses motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, telodendria, and unmyelinated axons. T/F

T

The vestibulocochlear nerve is the only cranial nerve that doesn't exit the skull via an opening or foramen. T/F

T

The voluntary movement of skeletal muscle is controlled by the somatic nervous system. T/F

T