NEUR 316 EXAM 2

your text's and our in-class discussions of false memories lead to the conclusion that the false memories...

are a natural consequence of a largely adaptive memory system

infantile amnesia is defined as the inability to access ____ memories

autobiographical

how would you describe the relationship between elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal in terms of establishing long-term memories?

elaborative is more effective than maintenance

People often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of the house to the other for something and then forgetting what they went to retrieve when they reach their destination. As soon as they return to the first room, they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place. This common experience best illustrates the principle of...

encoding specificity

Extrapolating from the cultural life script hypothesis, what would be easiest to recall?

graduating from college at age 22

The memory of an eyewitness testimony is frequently influenced by ?

inattention to relevant info due to the emotional nature of these events source monitoring errors due to familiarity increased confidence due to suggestive post-event questioning

Sperling's delayed partial report procedure provided evidence that

information in sensory memory fades within 1 or 2 seconds

a task with the instructions "read the following words while repeating 'the the the' out loud, look away, and then write down the words you remember" would most likely be studying

the phonological loop

transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if

the type of encoding and type of retrieval match

Research on eyewitness testimony reveals that

when viewing a lineup, an eyewitness's confidence in her choice of the suspect can be increased by an authority's confirmation of her choice, even when the choice is wrong.

working memory differs from short-term memory in that

working memory includes three separate components

research on sleep and consolidation suggests that your performance on this exam is enhanced if...

you slept immediately after learning the material covered on this test

Knowing the capital of California, but not being able to remember when you first learned it, is an example of how...

acquiring knowledge can start as episodic but then "fade" to semantic memory.

For most adults over age 40, the reminiscence bump describes enhanced memory for

adolescence and early adulthood

in which region is neuronal activity associated with recollection of words or pictures that have an emotional component, compared to recollection of neutral words or pictures?

amygdala

the inability to retain new knowledge, following a brain damage, is known as

anterograde amnesia

why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory?

because it involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it

in class we watched a video about people with superior autobiographical memory. These people describe their memory as...

being taken back to experience the recalled day and moment

You have been studying for weeks for a nursing school entrance exam. You love the idea of becoming a nurse, and you have been enjoying learning about the material for your exam. Each night, you put on relaxing clothes and study in the quiet of your lovely home. Memory research suggests you should take your test with a _____ mind set.

calm

what is not a reason suggested for why infantile amnesia occurs?

children do not consolidate memories in the first place

Chase and Simon's research compared memory of chess masters and beginners for the position of game pieces on sample chess boards. They found that the chess master remembered positions better when the arrangement of the pieces was consistent with a real game but not when the pieces were randomly placed. The significance of this finding was that...

chunking requires knowledge of familiar patterns or concepts

___ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption.

consolidation

we are conscious of ____ memories

declarative

Funahashi and coworkers recorded neurons in the PF cortex of monkeys during a delayed response task. These neurons showed the most intense firing during...

delay

neuropsychological evidence indicates that STM and LTM are probably caused by

different mechanisms that act independently

____ provides a physiological mechanism for the long-term storage of memories at the synaptic level.

long term potentiation

According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words?

making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned

flashbulb memory is BEST described by?

memory for the circumstances surrounding how a person heard about an emotional event that remains especially vivid but not necessarily accurate over time

Bartlett's experiment in which English participants were asked to recall the "War of the Ghosts" story that was taken from the French Indian culture illustrated the...

misinformation effect

the idea that we remember life events better because we encounter the info over and over in what we read, see on tv and talk about with other people is called the ____

narrative rehearsal hypothesis

it is easier to perform two tasks at the same time if

one is handled by the sketch pad and one is handled by the phonological loop

When light from a flashlight is moved quickly back and forth on a wall in a darkened room, it can appear to observers that there is a trail of light moving across the wall, even though physically the light is only in one place at any given time. This experience is an effect of memory that occurs because of...

persistence of vision (iconic memory)

physiological studies indicate that damage to the area of the brain known as the ___ can disrupt behaviors that depend on working memory.

prefrontal cortex

Suppose you (a student) are asked by a teacher to learn a poem you will recite in front of your class. Soon after, both you and a classmate, J.P., are asked by another teacher to learn the lyrics to an unfamiliar song. When you and J.P. are later asked to remember the song lyrics, you have a much more difficult time recalling them than J.P. does. This impairment of your performance is most likely attributable to...

proactive interference

what involves procedural memory?

reading a book

Graded amnesia occurs because

recent memories are more fragile than remote memories.

Schrauf and Rubin's "two groups of immigrants" study found that the reminiscence bump coincided with periods of rapid change, occurring at a normal age for people emigrating early in life but shifting to 15 years later for those who emigrated later. These results support the...

reminiscence bump around the time of their emigration

Your friend has been sick for several days, so you go over to her home to make her some chicken soup. Searching for a spoon, you first reach in a top drawer beside the dishwasher. Then, you turn to the big cupboard beside the stove to search for a pan. In your search, you have relied on a kitchen

schema

Remembering that a tomato is actually a fruit rather than vegetable is an example of ________ memory.

semantic

what is not an example of implicit memory?

semantic memory

What is not a function of the central executive?

short-term storage of visual and spatial information

Wei has allergy symptoms. He has gone to his regular doctor and an allergy specialist, but he wasn't given a prescription by either doctor. Instead, he was advised to buy any over-the-counter medicine. While he was in the specialist's waiting area, he read a magazine where he saw three ads for an allergy medicine called SneezeLess. A week later, in a drug store, Wei says to his brother, "My doctor says SneezeLess works great. I'll buy that one." Wei and his doctor never discussed SneezeLess. Wei has fallen victim to which of the following errors?

source monitoring

the primary effect of chunking is to

stretch the capacity of short-term memory

the standard model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is

strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated

the self-representation function of memory is

the ability to analyze what you have done in the past so you can maintain a stable identity

what is a conclusion from the case of H.M. who had an operation to help alleviate his epileptic seizures?

the hippocampus is necessary for forming new LTMs working memory does not rely on the hippocampus short-term and long-term memories are separate systems