Neuro Mini Review
1. What is a nurse to do if her quadriplegic patient has "goose flesh
" Check blood pressure, place Patient in a sitting position
32. What is areflexia, and is it permanent
Loss of systemic sympathetic vasomotor, resulting in vasodilation, increased venous capacity, and hypotension. This is temporary not permanent.
Sensation
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Kernigs sign
inability to to extend the legs completely without extreme pain.
38. What is the time after a seizure called
Postictal state
11. When assessing a pt with a craniocerebral injury, what is the nurse to be mindful of the s/s showing up
(several days later) loses consciousness, develops neurologic s/s, nurse should suspect subdural hematoma.
41. What are the effects of normal aging on the neurological system
1% loss every year after age 50. Decline in interconnections of dendrites, reduction in cerebral blood flow, decrease in brain metabolism and oxygen use, resulting in slower reflexes.
22. What is the GCS of a pt who opens eys spontaneously, incomprehensible speech, and obeys commands for movement
12
28. Sundowning manifests in which part of alziemers disease
2nd stage
31. When is alzheimers considered advanced (When it disrupts the person's ADls)?
3rd stage
12. What is the cardinal sign of increased ICP
Change in LOC
Apraxia
An inability to carry out learned sequential movements on command, perform purposeful ask, or use objects properly.
4. What side should the nurse approach a patient if he is paralyzed on his right side
Approach them from the non paralyzed side
27. After a myelogram, the nurse should quickly assess what for sensation
Assess for strength and sensation of the lower extremities.
26. Guillen Barre can quickly lead to respiratory failure, why
Because it rapidly progresses the demyelation procress and once it gets to the muscles or nerves of the respiratory system it causes respiratory failure.
34. Pt that fell off ladder must have his cervical spine protected, how does one do this
By simple immobilization, skeletal traction with crutchfield tongs or halo traction.
24. What must be done for a child with suspected meningitis during the first 24 hours
CFS Culture, lumbar puncture.
10. What does a stroke victim do to keep from aspirating his food and drink
Head of bed elevated and head turned to unaffected side during feedings. Eat foods that are easier to swallow. Thicken liquids. Do not use milk products. They tend to increase viscosity. Use training cup if necessary. Do not use straw.
14. What are the different types of nystagmus
Horizontal, vertical, rotary, mixed.
Brudzinksis sign
flexion of the knee and hip when the neck is flexed.
40. Which foods cause migraines
Cured meats (cheeses, fermented cabbage, soy, fish, bologna, ham, hotdogs, and bacon.
2. Herpes Simplex virus lies dormant on which cranial nerve
Facial nerve
3. What abilities are expected if a pt has a C5 cervical injury
Full neck, partial shoulder, back, biceps, gross elbow, decreased respiratory reserve.
23. Pt has stroke, what position would help him swallow thin liquids
Head elevated and turned to the unaffected side or use training cup.
Agnosia
Is a total or partial loss, as a result of organic brain damage, of the ability to recognize familiar objects by site, touch, or hearing or to recognize familiar people through sensory stimuli.
6. Know how to do the Kernig's sign and when to do it
Is the inability to extend the legs completely without extreme pain, usually done for a patient with suspected meningitis.
15. Why is a history assessment so important before a myelogram test
It is important to ask about history of allergies to dyes and function of lower extremities before test, so that after the test legs should function the same, if not alert provider.
8. What is the first FDA drug approved for moderate to severe Alzheimer
Memantine
21. What is the first drug approved for the treatment of Alzheimers
Memantine.
19. What are the manifestions of Alzheimers and which s/s are not reversible
Memory loss, agitation, repetitiveness, wondering, resisting care and sundowning. All of the signs and symptoms are not reversible.
36. What are the sections of the brainstem
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata
7. What is the waxy substance on the neuron fibers called
Myelin Sheath
18. What is the first sign of Bell's Palsy and which nerve is involved
Numbness, stiffness, or drawing to the sensation of the face, unilateral weakness of the facial muscles usually occurs, resulting in paralysis of the affected side of the face usually involving the facial nerve cranial nerve VII
13. What does apt have is he is shuffling with his arms flexed
Parkinson's Disease
35. How does Baclofen work with spasticity
Reduces transmission of impulses from spinal cord to skeletal muscles.
Proprioception
The body sense, based On internal stimuli, of its own position and limb movements.
29. How does drugs neostigmine (Prostigmin) and pyridostigmine (Mestinon) help a person with MG
These medications promote nerve impulse transmission and effectively alleviate symptoms.
17. What is a surgical navigational systems used for
This system helps pinpoint tumors and guide the neurosurgeon during the surgery.
25. What is the purpose of a drug holiday
To be off the drug for a few days to refrain from getting toxic levels.
33. What are the triad symptoms of Parkinson's
Tremor, Rigidity, bradykinesia
37. Know how the different types of headaches manifest
Vascular, Tension, and Traction inflammatory
42. What are the s/s of the Cushing's response
Widening pulse pressure, increased systolic blood pressure, deepening, irregular respirations, and bradycardia together.
30. TPA must be given within what window of time to be effective
Within 3 hours
Battles sign
ecchymosis behind the ear usually indicating a fracture of a bone of the lower skull.