Neuro Mini Review

1. What is a nurse to do if her quadriplegic patient has "goose flesh

" Check blood pressure, place Patient in a sitting position

32. What is areflexia, and is it permanent

Loss of systemic sympathetic vasomotor, resulting in vasodilation, increased venous capacity, and hypotension. This is temporary not permanent.

Sensation

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Kernigs sign

inability to to extend the legs completely without extreme pain.

38. What is the time after a seizure called

Postictal state

11. When assessing a pt with a craniocerebral injury, what is the nurse to be mindful of the s/s showing up

(several days later) loses consciousness, develops neurologic s/s, nurse should suspect subdural hematoma.

41. What are the effects of normal aging on the neurological system

1% loss every year after age 50. Decline in interconnections of dendrites, reduction in cerebral blood flow, decrease in brain metabolism and oxygen use, resulting in slower reflexes.

22. What is the GCS of a pt who opens eys spontaneously, incomprehensible speech, and obeys commands for movement

12

28. Sundowning manifests in which part of alziemers disease

2nd stage

31. When is alzheimers considered advanced (When it disrupts the person's ADls)?

3rd stage

12. What is the cardinal sign of increased ICP

Change in LOC

Apraxia

An inability to carry out learned sequential movements on command, perform purposeful ask, or use objects properly.

4. What side should the nurse approach a patient if he is paralyzed on his right side

Approach them from the non paralyzed side

27. After a myelogram, the nurse should quickly assess what for sensation

Assess for strength and sensation of the lower extremities.

26. Guillen Barre can quickly lead to respiratory failure, why

Because it rapidly progresses the demyelation procress and once it gets to the muscles or nerves of the respiratory system it causes respiratory failure.

34. Pt that fell off ladder must have his cervical spine protected, how does one do this

By simple immobilization, skeletal traction with crutchfield tongs or halo traction.

24. What must be done for a child with suspected meningitis during the first 24 hours

CFS Culture, lumbar puncture.

10. What does a stroke victim do to keep from aspirating his food and drink

Head of bed elevated and head turned to unaffected side during feedings. Eat foods that are easier to swallow. Thicken liquids. Do not use milk products. They tend to increase viscosity. Use training cup if necessary. Do not use straw.

14. What are the different types of nystagmus

Horizontal, vertical, rotary, mixed.

Brudzinksis sign

flexion of the knee and hip when the neck is flexed.

40. Which foods cause migraines

Cured meats (cheeses, fermented cabbage, soy, fish, bologna, ham, hotdogs, and bacon.

2. Herpes Simplex virus lies dormant on which cranial nerve

Facial nerve

3. What abilities are expected if a pt has a C5 cervical injury

Full neck, partial shoulder, back, biceps, gross elbow, decreased respiratory reserve.

23. Pt has stroke, what position would help him swallow thin liquids

Head elevated and turned to the unaffected side or use training cup.

Agnosia

Is a total or partial loss, as a result of organic brain damage, of the ability to recognize familiar objects by site, touch, or hearing or to recognize familiar people through sensory stimuli.

6. Know how to do the Kernig's sign and when to do it

Is the inability to extend the legs completely without extreme pain, usually done for a patient with suspected meningitis.

15. Why is a history assessment so important before a myelogram test

It is important to ask about history of allergies to dyes and function of lower extremities before test, so that after the test legs should function the same, if not alert provider.

8. What is the first FDA drug approved for moderate to severe Alzheimer

Memantine

21. What is the first drug approved for the treatment of Alzheimers

Memantine.

19. What are the manifestions of Alzheimers and which s/s are not reversible

Memory loss, agitation, repetitiveness, wondering, resisting care and sundowning. All of the signs and symptoms are not reversible.

36. What are the sections of the brainstem

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

7. What is the waxy substance on the neuron fibers called

Myelin Sheath

18. What is the first sign of Bell's Palsy and which nerve is involved

Numbness, stiffness, or drawing to the sensation of the face, unilateral weakness of the facial muscles usually occurs, resulting in paralysis of the affected side of the face usually involving the facial nerve cranial nerve VII

13. What does apt have is he is shuffling with his arms flexed

Parkinson's Disease

35. How does Baclofen work with spasticity

Reduces transmission of impulses from spinal cord to skeletal muscles.

Proprioception

The body sense, based On internal stimuli, of its own position and limb movements.

29. How does drugs neostigmine (Prostigmin) and pyridostigmine (Mestinon) help a person with MG

These medications promote nerve impulse transmission and effectively alleviate symptoms.

17. What is a surgical navigational systems used for

This system helps pinpoint tumors and guide the neurosurgeon during the surgery.

25. What is the purpose of a drug holiday

To be off the drug for a few days to refrain from getting toxic levels.

33. What are the triad symptoms of Parkinson's

Tremor, Rigidity, bradykinesia

37. Know how the different types of headaches manifest

Vascular, Tension, and Traction inflammatory

42. What are the s/s of the Cushing's response

Widening pulse pressure, increased systolic blood pressure, deepening, irregular respirations, and bradycardia together.

30. TPA must be given within what window of time to be effective

Within 3 hours

Battles sign

ecchymosis behind the ear usually indicating a fracture of a bone of the lower skull.