Neuro Quiz #3
function of presynaptic neuron
create and release synaptic vesicles filled w NTs
what does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of
everything else, cranial and spinal nerves
what does calcium trigger
exocytosis
Glasglow Coma Scale assesses
eye, motor and verbal reactions to stimuli
TBI is typically associated w damage to
frontal and temporal lobes
most abundant type of neurotransmitters are
glutamate and GABA
4 characteristics of PSPs
graded decremental fast passive (dont use ATP)
nucleus/nuclei
group of cell bodies inside CNS
ganglion/ganglia
group of cell bodies outside CNS
psychiatric symptoms of OSN
hallucinations, confusion, inappropriate laughter, suicidal thoughts
acute symptoms of concussions
headache, dizziness, vomiting, nausea, drowsiness, blurred vision
physical symptoms of OSN
headaches, dizziness, sleep disturbances, poor appetites, chest pain
inhibitatory PSPs result in
hyperpolarization
coup
impact site of brain damage
chronic symptoms of concussions
irritability, anxiety, depression, poor memory, impaired concentration, insomnia, fatigue, visual and auditory complaints
acute symptoms of OSN
nausea, severe headaches, vomiting, confusion, light headedness
4 characteristics of APs
nongraded nondecremental slower than PSPs active and passive
specific behavioral effects of TBI
personality, social behavior, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, problem solving, memory
indirect causes of depression and anxiety related to OSN
poor memory, fatigue, low energy, headaches, low work capacity
which neuron is the receiving neuron
postsynaptic
which neuron is the sending neuron
presynaptic
Generalized impairment from TBI associated w/ widespread damage. examples....
slow processing speed, concentration problems
NTs are released into the
synaptic cleft
NTs diffuses across the
synaptic cleft
the region where two neurons communicate
synaptic junction
Where does a presynaptic neuron synapse
the axon terminal
What is the synaptic cleft?
the extracellular space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes
pathway/tract
connection between nuclei
6 impacts of TBI on brain function
-direct tissue damage -disrupting blood supply -hemorrhage -swelling -scarring -infection
2 ways to measure TBI severity
1. duration of unconscious period 2. duration of memory loss
countercoup
An area of brain damage that occurs on the opposite side of the head from the original site of the blow, or coup
nerve
a bundle of axons
what happens with calcium during a synapse
an influx of calcium
neuropsych assessments of TBI typically reveal
attention deficits, slow processing speed, impaired learning/retrieval from memory, executive dysfunction
what does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of
brain and spinal cord
where does a postsynaptic neuron synapse?
dendrite or soma
excitatory PSPs result in
depolarization
first step in synapse
depolarization reaches axon terminal
psychological symptoms of OSN
depression and anxiety
axonal shearing
twisting of axons that produces tiny lesions
neuropsych assessment results of organic solvents neurotoxicity
verbal and nonverbal memory impairments, slowed processing speed, frontal lobe impairments
what is exocytosis
vesicles fuse with presynaptic membrane
what needs to happen with the channels for a synapse
voltage-sensitive calcium channels need to activate