Neuroscience and Behavior ch.3
motor neurons
Neurons that carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement. Motor neurons- takes info away
interneurons
Neurons that connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons.
axon hillock
cone shaped structure between the cell body and axon; essential to the firing of a neuron
dendrites (functions)
constitute the major signal receiving are of the neuron
signals from other neurons are received and relayed to the cell body by
dendrites
terminal buttons
endings of the axon branches
Microtubles
fine tubes that course through the neural cytoplasm; they provide rates fro the transport of molecules and neurons
the first true central nervous system appeared in
flatworms
Golgi apparatus
systems of smooth plate shaped membranes sacs in the cytoplasm of cells; they package proteins and other molecules in small membrane sacs
Mitochondria
(power house) structures of the cytoplasm that play a role in the cells respiration and in its production and use of energy
signals are transmitted from one neuron to another
across a synapse
an electric signal that is conducted along the length of a neuron's axon to the synapse is called
an action potential
myline sheath
an insulating layer of fatty material; part of the axon More myelinated the faster the speed of the impulse; less myelinated= slower
the... automatically controls the organs of the body
autonomic nervous system
neurons
cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information processing tasks
compared with reptiles and birds, humans have the most highly developed
cerebral cortex
nodes of Ranvier
gaps between adjacent glial segments on a myelinated axon; aid in the speed of the conduction of the impulse
the... regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior
hypothalamus
nucleus
in the cytoplasm of every cell; contains genetic material, in neurons located in the cell body
genes help determine the... that an individual will express specific characteristics
likelihood
synaptic vesicles
membrane sacs that store neurotransmitters molecules ready for release near the synaptic membrane; they are manufacture by the Golgi Apparatus
cell body
metabolic center of the neuron; also called Soma
what explains the apparent beneficial effects of cardiovascular excessive on aspects of brain function and cognitive performance
neuron plasticity
the chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neuron's dendrites are called
neurotransmitters
axon
part of a neuron that transmits info to other neurons, muscles, or glands; very in size and lengths, 100 billion plus
which is a fuction of a neuron
processing information, communicating with other neurons, sending messages to body organs and muscles
which type of neuron receives information from the external world and conveys this information to the brain via the spinal cord
sensory neuron
glial cells
support cells found in the nervous system
when you feel threatened, your .....nervous system prepares you to either fight or run away
sympathetic
the gap between the axon of one neuron a33nd the dendrites of another is called called the
synapse
which part of the hind-brain coordinated fine motor skills
the cerebellum
synapse
the junction or region between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another; one send info another receives.
what part of the brain is involved in movement and orientation
the mid brain
cell body
the part of the neuron that coordinates information processing tasks and keeps the cell alive, also called "Soma"
dendrites
the part of the neuron that receives infro from other neurons and relays it to the cell body
